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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Plasma cholinesterase studies on south-eastern Bantu of Mozambique.

Blood samples from four Bantu tribes in South-East Mozambique have been phenotyped for the plasma cholinesterase variants of the E1 locus. A control roup of 153 Portuguese residents in Mozambique have also been phenotyped. The frequencies of both the E1a and E1f genes in the Portuguese population is very similar to those in other Caucasian populations. The absence of the E1a gene in the four Bantu tribes provides more evidence of the rarity of this gene in Negroid populations. There is an increased frequency of E1f gene in all tribes as compared with previous surveys. The Ronga and Bitonga tribes have similar E1f frequencies of 0.047 and 0.048, respectively. The Shangana has an E1f frequency of 0.060, and the corresponding figure for the Chopi tribe is 0.089. The latter is the highest recorded frequency for this gene. The results give some support to the doubts concerning the affiliation of the Chopi tribe.

Black People↗
PubMed1979

Endomyocardial fibrosis and rheumatic heart disease in Mozambique.

The first five cases of endomyocardial fibrosis to be reported from Mozambique are described in an autopsy series over the years 1975-77, together with 85 cases of rheumatic heart disease in patients who died and were autopsied during the same period. Outside the central parts of the African continent, endomyocardial fibrosis does not seem as rare as previously thought. Observations on the age and sex of the patients correspond with what is already known about both diseases. The strikingly higher frequency of rheumatic heart disease discussed in this review is at variance with the findings of SHAPER et al. in Uganda over the years 1950-65 and poses problems as to the hypothesis of a common aetiological process in both diseases, i.e. a hypersensitivity mechanism acting on cardiac connective tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Unravelling genetic differentiation between Glossina brevipalpis populations from two distant National Parks in Mozambique.

African trypanosomosis (AT), caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, has plagued the African continent for centuries, affecting both humans and animals. Its principal vector, tsetse flies, can be found across sub-Saharan Africa. Vector control represents an efficient way to reduce the burden of AT. In Mozambique, control campaigns reshaped tsetse fly distribution to what it is today, with four species presently found: Glossina brevipalpis, G. pallidipes, G. morsitans and, G. austeni. Additionally, G. brevipalpis can be observed in two National parks, Gorongosa National Park in the Centre and Maputo National Park in the South, with an 840 km wide tsetse-free zone between them. In order to improve our knowledge on the genetic diversity in these populations, and their probable isolation, we undertook a population genetics study with 11 microsatellite loci. We found that these two zones behave as strongly isolated subpopulations, only exchanging a few individuals per year. To explain this finding, we suggest the existence of undocumented pocket populations between the two parks, or, in the absence of these, the accidental translocation of tsetse flies during human-driven animal transportation. We suggest that translocation through human-driven animal movement should be explored in future studies investigating Glossina populations. If eradication were to be attempted, re-invasion of the tsetse via motorized human transport should be considered in conjunction with the exploration of other sites within a 30 km radius to validate that no sources of re-invasion exist around these parks.

Tsetse Flies↗
PubMed1975

[Frequency of hemoglobin abnormalities and hemoglobinopathies in Mozambique peoples (comparison between leprosy and non-leprosy subjects].

In 588 bloodsamples of negride natives from Moçambique, preferably Chuabo and Macua, haemoglobin analyses were performed. In 21 cases an increase of Hb A2 was found, indicating the presence of heterozygous beta-thalassaemia, in one case the changes in Hb-analysis were typical for beta-delta-thalassaemia, 18 samples could be shown to contain Hb S, typical for the heterozygous sickle cell trait. Futhermore in 7 cases Hb A2' was found. In two bloodsamples haemoglobin variants were observed, which according to their electrophoretical mobility were assumed to represent Hb D in one case, and Hb G in the other. In the Chuabo population the frequency of the thalassaemia gene was found to be more than twice as high as in the Macua population. In non-lepers Hb S was observed with a remarkable higher incidence than in lepers.

Hemoglobinopathies↗
PubMed1977

The relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and hepatic cell carcinoma in Mozambique.

Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody were sought in sera collected from patients with hepatic cell carcinoma and from healthy blood donors. The frequency of the antigen among the patients was significantly higher than that among blood donors who served as controls (p = less than .01) but no significant difference was found in estimated exposure to hepatitis B virus between hepatic cell carcinoma patients and African blood donors. However, exposure to hepatitis B virus was significantly less frequent (p = less than .01) among European blood donors when compared to African blood donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The cholinesterase variants found in some African tribes living in Rhodesia.

Blood samples from 1,614 Africans living in Rhodesia have been phenotyped for the cholinesterase variants at the E1 and E2 loci. 24% of the African population were non-Rhodesian by birth. 1,227 Rhodesians aligned themselves to 20 tribes, 191 Malawians to 8 tribes. 162 Mozambique Africans to 9 tribes and 34 Zambians to 8 tribes. A high frequency of 0.036 for the Ef1 gene, which varies from tribe to tribe, has been found in Rhodesian and Malawian Africans. Similar high frequencies for this gene are recorded for Zambian (0.045) and Mozambique Africans (0.034). The frequencies of the Es1 gene in these groups are 0.013 (Rhodesian), 0.009 (Malawian), and 0.016 (Mozambique African). The small Zambian sample showed evidence for neither the Es1 nor the C5+ electrophoretic variant. The absence of the Ea1 gene in the 1,613 Africans provides additional evidence of the rarity of this gene in negroid populations. The frequency of the C5+ variant in Rhodesian, Malawian and Mozambique Africans, although varying from tribe to tribe within the range of 0-8%, averages 3% in each group. These represent low frequencies for this variant when compared to other populations. No rare or 'private' electrophoretic variant has been found.

Cholinesterases↗
PubMed1975

A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African gold miners from Southern Africa.

The pattern of cancer in African gold miners over the 8-year period 1964-71, comprising 2,926,461 man-years of employment was studied. Of the 1344 cancers found, primary liver cancer accounted for 52-8%, oesophageal cancer 12-1%, cancer of the respiratory system 5-4% and cancer of the bladder 4-8%. Analysis of the spatial distribution of these four cancers, both on subcontinental and local scale, showed distinct gradients of occurrence between areas of significantly higher and lower incidence than expected. In the case of primary liver cancer in Mozambique and oesophageal cancer in the Transkei, the spatial distribution reflects closely that found in the general resident population of each territory. The crude incidence rate of primary liver cancer in gold miners from Mozambique dropped sharply over the period of the survey.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1979

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the vicinity of Lake Sibaya, with a note on other areas of Tongaland (Natal, South Africa).

The epidemiology of human and bovine schistosomiasis in the Lake Sibaya area of Tongaland, South Africa, an undeveloped rural environment, is discussed. The mean prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection is 72%, but S. mansoni is absent; possible reasons for this are given and the different types of water habitat are shown to play different roles in transmission. Fear of crocodiles and hippopotami is important because villagers are compelled to use for domestic purposes, the smaller, shallower habitats, where Bulinus (Ph.) globosus occurs but not Biomphalaria pfeifferi, rather than the deeper, larger ones where both snails are found. This discontinuous distribution of B. pfeifferi in the deeper sites, due to the high temperatures in spring, is viewed in relation to local climatic conditions. A human population influx, such as would result from the economic development of Tongaland, would cause not only a decline in crocodile and hippopotamus populations, and thus encourage human contact with the deeper waterbodies, but would favour the introduction of S. mansoni into at least some of these habitats. A similar prevalence pattern of human schistosomiasis exists over the remainder of Tongaland and the lowlands of southern and central Mozambique. The mean prevalence of Schistosoma mattheei in Tongaland cattle is 42% and although data are not available a comparable percentage seems likely in Mozambique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Dietary factors and special epidemiological situations of liver cancer in Thailand and Africa.

Incidence patterns of primary liver cancer in Swaziland and Uganda have been compared with frequency of contamination of dietary staples by aflatoxins. Geographical regions or tribal groups with elevated cancer incidence were associated with increased frequency of contamination. In further studies, aflatoxin ingestion has been quantitatively measured in populations in Thailand, Kenya, and Mozambique, in subgroups of which the incidence of primary liver cancer varied over a wide range. In each instance, elevated cancer incidence was associated with highest levels of aflatoxin intake. In view of the potency of these compounds as liver carcinogens in many animal species, these data collectively suggest that the aflatoxins are also carcinogenic for man and that regular ingestion of foods heavily contaminated with aflatoxins increases the risk of liver cancer in human populations.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1979

Genetic markers and leprosy in South African negroes: Part II. Erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms.

The phenotype frequencies of the erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms acid phosphatase (aP), phosphoglucomutase loci 1 and 2 (PGM1 and PGM2), adenylate kinase (AK), adenosine desaminase (ADA), esterase D (EsD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) were determined on a sample of 234-248 South African Negroes with leprosy. These results were compared with data of 841--997 healthy Negro controls of similar geographical and ethnic origin, in order to determine whether or not any association exists between specific phenotypes and the manifestation of leprosy. A part of the data included in the present study were compared with the data of a similar comparative analysis on Mozambican Negroes. With regard to the polymorphisms aP, PGM1 and PGM2, the results derived from South Africa and Mozambique exhibit reverse patterns of deviations from the null hypothesis. From this it does not appear justified to postulate an association between these genetic markers and the occurrence of leprosy. For the enzyme polymorphisms ADA, AK and EsD (data are confined to South African Negroes only) the distribution of phenotypes between patients and controls was very similar. The differences were not statistically significant. However, observations on the 6-PGD polymorphism (data are confined to South African Negroes only) showed an excess of phenotype PGD A among leprosy patients as compared with controls. The difference was statistically highly significant. Further studies based on additional samples are required to substantiate whether or not the statistical outcome reflects a true association between this phenotype and leprosy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

[Evolution of cytomegalovirus antibodies of maternal origin and acquired, throughout the first year of life (author's transl)].

Cytomegalovirus antibodies have been determined by indirect hemagglutination technique in sera taken during the first year of life in two infant groups : Bantu infants in Mozambique, French infants in Alsace. IgM specific antibodies have been detected in serum fractions obtained by density gradients. The evolutions of maternal antibodies and of antibodies resulting from a primary CMV infection have been documented. The analysis of the results confirmed that the mother is the main source of infection and that contamination occurs at the time of birth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Trout mortalities as a result of Streptococcus infection.

Excessive mortalities were experienced in the bigger rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at an efficiently managed trout farm. All tests for known toxins in the feed and water proved to be negative. A faecal Streptococcus which belongs to the Lancefield group D but which could not be identified as belonging to any of the recognized species within this group, was isolated from the spleens, livers and kidneys of affected fish. Pathogenicity studies with this organism proved it to be highly fatal to trout but not to Mozambique bream (Sarotherodon mossambicus), banded bream (Tilapia sparrmenii), carp (Cyprinus carpio) or largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The isolation and biochemical characteristics of the organism are described. The symptoms, gross- and histopathology of this disease are described and discussed. The disease resembles a haemorrhagic septicaemia and appears to be associated with intensification and conditions of stress.

Animals↗