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Results for “Multicomponent exercise”

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PubMed2026

Adherence and effectiveness of multicomponent exercise fall prevention programmes across delivery formats in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Multicomponent exercise is widely implemented for fall prevention in older adults, but the role of exercise adherence and delivery format in determining intervention effectiveness remains inadequately understood, particularly in analyses that account for within-study outcome dependence. METHODS: We searched five databases to 23 November 2025 for RCTs of multicomponent exercise in adults aged ≥60 years. Fall outcomes were synthesised using three-level random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression, with adherence evaluated as continuous/categorical factors and as moderator alongside delivery format, accounting for within-study effect-size dependence. RESULTS: Forty-one publications were included, comprising 36 distinct cohorts and involving 20,202 participants. Multicomponent exercise programmes significantly reduced fall incidence (IRR = 0.776, 95% CI 0.641-0.939), risk of experiencing at least one fall (RR = 0.914, 95% CI 0.858-0.974), and fall-related injury incidence (IRR = 0.754, 95% CI 0.663-0.858). Programmes achieving adherence ≥75% were independently associated with greater reductions in fall incidence (IRR = 0.501, 95% CI 0.336-0.747) and fall risk (RR = 0.821, 95% CI 0.697-0.967). Mean adherence was highest in combined individual and group delivery, lower in single-format programmes, though including a group component may enhance adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Multicomponent exercise fall prevention programmes are effective for fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults, whereas evidence for their protective effects on fall-related injury outcomes remains limited. Adherence is an important factor influencing programme implementation and intervention effectiveness.

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PubMed2026

Effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This study aimed to quantify the effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension and to identify exercise prescription parameters that optimize improvements. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to 24 October 2025. Data were pooled using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Exercise significantly improved aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension (SMD = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.61-1.15; P  < 0.00001), with multicomponent training demonstrating superior efficacy. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggest that longer programs (≥12 weeks), lower frequency (<3 sessions/week), 60-min sessions or longer, total weekly exercise less than 180 min, and professional supervision may be associated with better outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Use of wearable technologies for physical activity promotion in older adults: A systematic review.

This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251055299), examined the use of wearable technologies for promoting physical activity (PA) in adults aged 60 years and older. Searches across five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane) identified 2438 records, of which only six randomized controlled trials published between 2021 and 2025 met inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 36 to 551 participants and mean ages between 65 and 79 years. Given the small number of included studies, findings should be interpreted as preliminary. The studies ranged from the standalone use of commercial trackers (Fitbit, Polar, ActiGraph) to multicomponent interventions combining wearables with physiotherapist feedback, telephone counseling, web-based platforms, or interactive cognitive-motor training. Wearables used alone, as in the REACT trial, produced small or non-significant PA effects. In contrast, interventions integrating devices with personalized feedback, professional support, or digital platforms, such as PROMOTE and TASMANIA, were associated with more consistent improvements in PA, physical function, and cognitive outcomes. Multicomponent programs, such as PEER and ICMT, reported broader benefits, including cognition, balance, and reductions in sedentary behavior, though these findings derive from individual trials and require replication. Risk of bias, assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (RoB 2.0), was rated as "some concerns" for five studies and low for only one, mainly due to gaps in randomization reporting, missing data, and lack of preregistration. Tentatively, and based on a very limited evidence base, wearables may have greater impact when embedded within broader behavioral systems, incorporating feedback, coaching, or interactive components, rather than when used in isolation as passive monitoring tools. Adherence and psychosocial outcomes appeared related to comfort and perceived usefulness among older adults, though larger and more robust trials are needed to confirm these patterns.

Humans↗