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Results for “Multiple Classification Analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Source analysis of epileptic discharges using multiple signal classification analysis.

Multiple signal classification is an alternative to the traditional dipole fitting source analysis methods. Our aim was to assess the clinical usefulness of this algorithm and to compare the localization of the epileptiform electroencephalography discharges with the regions of altered cerebral blood flow in 10 patients with complex partial seizures undergoing preoperative investigation. We performed multiple signal classification analysis of ictal and interictal discharges, and registered single-photon emission computed tomography. Localization of the ictal, but not the interictal discharges, as determined by multiple signal classification analysis was consistent with the regions showing perfusion changes on the single-photon emission computed tomography. Multiple signal classification analysis is a promising tool in localizing foci in patients with complex partial seizures and may contribute to the preoperative evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Factors affecting work-time allocation among physiotherapists. A multiple classification analysis.

As part of a time budget study among 149 physiotherapists in Västerbotten County, northern Sweden, a Multiple Classification Analysis was completed. The aims were to evaluate the relative importance of some factors for the allocation of working hours, and to devise comparable measures of the ability of the particular set of variables to account for the variations in time utilisation. Occupational area was the most important factor in explaining the distribution of working hours, when the other factors were kept constant. Time utilisation was slightly affected by professional post and sex, but not by working hours. The explained variance, R2, was 0.37 for patient treatment and 0.30 for transport, indicating a fair degree of explained variance in these models. The R2 coefficients for the other tasks were low, indicating that factors, not included in the study, were more important in explaining the allocation of working hours for those tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

HIV infection and Norwegian general practitioners: does fear affect knowledge?

The objective was to study the dimensionality of knowledge among general practitioners in Norway about transmission of HIV and what factors influence the degree of knowledge. Data were collected by a mailed questionnaire. Independent variables were experience of HIV, acquisition of knowledge and confidence in information on HIV from the central authorities and perception of own knowledge, skills of practice and fear of oneself or one's family contracting the HIV infection. Analysis of variance and multiple classification analysis were applied to measure the effect of independent variables on knowledge about transmission of HIV. The general practitioners in three counties (Oslo, Møre og Romsdal and Troms), constituting one-quarter of the Norwegian general practitioner population were selected (n = 578). The response rate was 65%, and the results are assumed to be representative of Norwegian general practitioners. Four dimensions of knowledge about transmission of HIV were identified by factor analysis. The two most important, transmission through 'body fluids' and transmission by 'needle sticks', were subsequently converted into sum scores and used as dependent variables. Forty-five per cent of the respondents were uncertain about ways in which HIV is not transmitted through 'body fluids'. There was an association between knowledge about transmission through 'body fluids' and the variables county background, confidence in the information about HIV and fear of contracting HIV. In the multiple classification analysis these three variables explained 11% of the variation in knowledge about transmission through 'body fluids'. Only confidence and fear significantly predicted the degree of knowledge, and among the 11% who had no confidence in the information received the effect of fear on knowledge increased significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Communication about dental health in Norwegian adults.

The present study describes the amount and distribution of communication on dental health issues in Norwegian adults. The empirical data stem from a representative sample of Norwegians aged 15 and above, and were collected by means of personal interviews by the poll organization Norges Markedsdata in 1983. Edentulous subjects were excluded, and the study group finally comprised 1225 subjects. The dependent variable - dental communication - was a dichotomy based upon whether or not the respondents had communicated with friends about dental health during the last 6 months. The following independent variables were used: age, sex, marital status, education, use of dental services, number of teeth, knowledge of prevention, information about dental health from dentists and media, use of dental floss and toothpicks. The empirical analysis was performed using contingency table analysis and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA). Separate analyses were performed for men and women. Significantly more women (27.6%) than men (14.5%) reported dental communication. In addition, the model provided a better fit to the data on women compared to men in terms of R2 (12.5% and 8.9%). These observations can to some extent be accounted for by the existing sex-role pattern. The only predictor which showed a consistent direct effect across sex was whether the respondents had received information about dental health from media. This means that reference to the interpersonal context of mass communication perhaps best describes the complex transactional interplay of media and interpersonal sources in dental health matters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

AIDS--public knowledge in Norway 1986.

This paper studied different kinds of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS in the adult Norwegian population. The empirical basis stems from two national interview surveys conducted in 1986. Data were analysed using contingency table analysis and multiple classification analysis (MCA). Totally, 64% knew that HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus. Homosexuals, drug-users, prostitutes and bisexuals were mentioned most often as groups at high risk of becoming infected. As to knowledge about the transmission of the infection, 95% were aware that sex between men and blood transfusion may be channels of infection, 93% recognized contaminated needles, and 85% sexual contact with a person of the opposite sex as possible routes of transmission. A substantial number of respondents were uncertain whether the infection can be transmitted through social contact. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS increased with diminishing age and with increased level of income and education. The direct effect of age upon knowledge may be explained by the theory of selective exposure, which predicts that the seeking of information is influenced by personal needs and interests. The social gradient of knowledge about HIV/AIDS reflects the general flow of information in a social system, and differences in the use of the media by the different social subgroups. Finally, the paper underlines the importance of filling the gaps in the public knowledge about how HIV/AIDS is not transmitted, in order to prevent unfounded fear, stigmatisation and discrimination.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Periodontal disease in five and six year old children.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in a sample of primary school children. One hundred and twenty eight children with an average age of 6 years 0 months (SD +/- 4 months) were examined for oral hygiene status using the Plaque Index (Pl.I.) and the Calculus Index (C.I.). The periodontal status was assessed using the Gingival Index (G.I.) and recording gingival sulcus depths about selected teeth. The significance of factors associated with the G.I. was determined using multiple classification analysis. The incorporated factors were Pl.I., age and sex. The scores for Pl.I., and G.I., and Pl.I. and sulcus depth were significantly correlated. The majority of children had a maximum Pl.I. score of 2, a maximum C.I. score of 0, a maximum G.I. score of 1, and maximum sulcus depth of 2 mm. The regressands Pl.I. and age used in the multiple classification analysis explained only 28% of the variance in the G.I. data. Also, the analysis did not indicate the children's sex as a significant source of explanation for the variance of the G.I.

Australia↗
PubMed1983

Sexual assault trauma and trauma change.

An exploratory model of variables affecting level of sexual assault trauma at given times and change in trauma levels over time is developed and tested using a sample of female rape victims admitted to a treatment center over a two-year period. Based on a one-way analysis of variance and multiple classification analysis, the findings indicate that a previous rape best explains trauma change, while victim's demographics, social supports, and other prior life stress variables are important at specific time periods during the rape trauma syndrome. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of treatment-related issues.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Influence of client/colleague dependence on physician performance in patient care.

The study has attempted to determine how client/colleague dependence influences medical care received by patients. We have tested physician compliance with standards of care according to the degree to which the practice is visible to, and dependent upon, colleagues. Physician performance is measured in terms of compliance with established professional standards in five areas of practice: 1) the quality of medical care; 2) appropriateness of hospital admissions; 3) appropriateness of length of hospital stay; 2) overstays and 5) understays. The sample consisted of 3316 hospital episodes from 22 general hospitals in the state of Hawaii, and the analysis was conducted via multiple-classification analysis (MCA). Specifically, it was found that from the more colleague-dependent physicians, patients received care with: 1) higher scores on an index of quality of care; 2) more justified admissions; 3) more appropriate lengths of stay; 4) fewer overstays; but 5) more understays. These results remained even after adjusting for a number of physician, client and type-of-practice variables. The findings of this study suggest the significant role that the informal structure of physician practice plays in influencing physician performance. Various sociological implications for control of professional practice are discussed in terms of 1) provision of incentives to encourage an increase in the formalization of otherwise informal physician relationships, and 2) tying formal control mechanisms to informal processes of control.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Centrality of the grandfather role among older rural black and white men.

This study examined racial differences in the centrality of the grandfather role and in the factors related to its saliency. Rural men aged 65 years or older, 48 Black and 51 White, reported on their grandchild of most contact. Multiple Classification Analysis, t-tests, and hierarchical multiple regression were used to examine two hypotheses: (a) the grandfather role would be more central to Black than to White men, and (b) factors predicting interaction with grandchildren would vary by race. Strong support was found for both. Racial differences were observed in household structure, association with grandchildren, grand-filial expectations, help given to grandchildren, and in affection for grandchildren. Similarities, however, were seen in the ranked importance of the role, in the amount of help received from grandchildren, and in grandfather-grandchild consensus. The findings support a cultural rather than a structural/economic base for the grandfather role, thus validating the cultural variant perspective.

Affect↗
PubMed2000

[The professional and the organization in the use of primary care resources].

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the professional profile and organization influence about sanitary resources use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Primary care in the Community of Murcia. MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected in the Information and Register Unit of the Primary Care Management and through personal survey about the personal and professional features of the physicians, place of work, accessibility and availability and the resources use of themselves. A two-variable study was made selecting the significant variables for the multiple regression test and multiple analysis of variance, with the corresponding multiple classification analysis. MAIN RESULTS: 24% of the frequency can be explained through the professional profile of the physicians and the organization of work of place. Resource use depend on this variables between 7% drugs use) and 46% (tapping to specialists), taking into account that the size of the quota, the greater than 65 years old persons proportion and the size of the town are the most variability explaining variables. CONCLUSIONS: In our area, the professional profile and organization have a scarce influence in the utilization of sanitary resource.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

Evaluating patient education: a case study of a diabetes program.

This paper presents an evaluation of a diabetic education program for patients at Stephens County Hospital in Toccoa, Georgia. An analysis of covariance is employed along with multiple classification analysis to determine the effect of the program in reducing hospital readmissions. The major finding is that the teaching program is an important variable in the reduction of readmissions. A second outcome is that the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on initial admission is a second factor in determining readmissions. Patients having the benefit of instruction are less likely to experience readmission than those not being educated; those having DKA are more likely to be readmitted within six months from release than those not having this degree of loss of control. Implications of this study suggest that in designing a diabetic education program, greater attention must be focused upon the needs of the ketosis-prone patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Cohort, age, and period effects in the analysis of U.S. suicide patterns: 1933-1978.

This study employed multiple classification analysis to examine the impact of age, period, and cohort effects on U.S. white male suicide rates between 1933 and 1978. Previous studies of cohort effects with regard to suicide behavior have been descriptive in nature, and have failed to consider the interaction of the three effects. Drawing on a study of pulmonary tuberculosis mortality by W.M. Mason and Smith (1985), the work specified seven models. The Shazam ordinary-least-squares computer package was employed to estimate the logit coefficients for the seven models. Period effects were found to be weaker than age and cohort effects for explaining shifts in white male suicide patterns. In this study all of the three effects were measured indirectly, and this fact limits the validity of the findings. Causal analysis, which directly measures at least one of the effects, would have improved the robustness of the findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Case-referent study on occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in southern Israel.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible association between occupational exposures (risk factors) and male bladder cancer in the Negev region (southern Israel) to enable preventive strategies to be applied. METHODS: A total of 92 male bladder cancer patients, diagnosed at a regional medical center between 1989 and 1993, were studied by interview and compared with 92 males without oncological disease after matching by age and country of origin. A special questionnaire was developed to gather information on demography, life-time occupational history, smoking habits, coffee consumption, and health status. Statistical analysis of the case-referent data was done using the SPSS-5 package for performance of the chi-square test, conditional logistic regression, and multiple classification analysis. RESULTS: Significant associations were found between bladder cancer occurrence and (1) three different groups of occupational exposures [a - solvents (P = 0.002, OR not computed due to the lack of exposed persons among referents), b - dusts (P = 0. 02; OR = 4.67), and c - exposure to multiple chemicals (P < 0.001, OR = 6.25); (2) nephrolithiasis (P = 0.02, OR = 11.00); and (3) cigarette smoking (P = 0.01, OR = 1.87). CONCLUSIONS: Certain types of occupational exposure, different from that to aromatic amines and dyes, may be considered as contributing factors in the epidemiology of bladder cancer. Better identification of these chemicals and the work processes where they are used may help in abating such exposures, thus leading to a reduction in the risk for this relatively common cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Affective temperament traits measured by TEMPS-I and emotional-behavioral problems in clinically-well children, adolescents, and young adults.

OBJECTIVE: The identification of specific temperament dimensions as correlates or risk factors for psychopathology in infancy, childhood and adolescence might provide key information to elucidate causal mechanisms that underlie these relationships. METHODS: A non-clinical sample of 1010 students (518 males and 492 females) without major psychiatric disorders was given psychometric assessment using TEMPS-I (the Italian Semi-structured Interview version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego) and EBC (Emotional and Behavioral Checklist in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence). Grouping the subjects on the basis of the highest z-score obtained on each of the four temperament scales of TEMPS-I, it was possible to identify the dominant affective temperamental (AT) inclination of each individual: 283 (28.0%) subjects were classified as dominant depressive temperament, 446 (44.2%) as dominant hyperthymic, 221 (21.9%) as dominant cyclothymic, and 60 (5.9%) as dominant irritable. The effects of AT dominant groups on EBC scores were tested by one-way analysis of variance. To control for age and sex effects, we tested the differences within dominant AT groups by a multiple classification analysis (MCA). RESULTS: As expected, subjects with depressive temperament traits were characterized by social inhibition and lack of antisocial and hyperactive behavior. Cyclothymic subjects reported the highest number of emotional and behavioral problems, compared with the other dominant ATs (depressive, hyperthymic and irritable). In particular, a cyclothymic disposition was most frequently associated with anxiety-sleep disturbances, sensitivity to separation, eating disturbances in females and antisocial-aggressive behavior in males. The relationship between cyclothymic temperament and anxiety-sleep disturbances and antisocial-aggressive behavior increased with age. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional study based on retrospective evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Within a juvenile population, depressive temperament is a construct partially overlapping with behavioral inhibition, while extremes of emotionality and behaviors occur preponderantly in those with cyclothymic traits. The cyclothymic disposition turned out to be the most 'morbid', and associated with both internalizing and externalizing disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung cancer's persistent association with population density in Los Angeles County communities.

119 community clusters assembled from contiguous census tracts are investigated in an ecologic study, using as the dependent variable age-adjusted lung cancer in both sexes, 1970 (CA); independent variables are: population density (PD), % white (Anglo) (WH), % Spanish surname (SP), % black (BL), % Oriental (OR), mean income per capita (IN), % of dwelling units with 1+ persons/room (CR), % annoyed by air pollution 1956 (AP), and male/female population ages 55-64 (M/F). Except for CA and AP all data are from 1970 census, compiled by John Chapman and Anne Coulson. Variables given in percent except for AP are arcsine transformed in order to more closely approximate Gaussian normality. AP is approximately normal already. The association of CA with AP is negative and small, and inclusion of other variables and structures never leads to an interesting or significant association. Positive associations with CA are with PD (r = 0.300) and WH (0.228). M/F has the highest negative association with CA (-0.285), and is positively associated with WH (0.273) and IN (0.388). M/F has a strong negative association with PD (-0.549). CR is negatively associated with CA (-0.173). In testing for the independent contribution of PD, we use the strategy of testing whether divergent methods give convergent results. Path analysis is used to reflect a number of structural assumptions among independent variables, and the association of CA and PD remains consistent and positive. After recoding the variables PD, WH, SP, BL, OR, IN, and CR into five classes of 20 and one of 19, a multiple classification analysis (MCA) is performed, using MF as a continuous co-variable. Although the unadjusted PD has a slightly greater eta than the other variables, WH and IN have a larger beta after adjustment, and the multiple R is similar to that found by path analysis, reflecting explained variance of about 0.5. The deviations of PD, CR, and BL are not monotonic but those of WH and IN are. Analysis is repeated for the 20 communities with highest IN and for the 20 with lowest IN, and the correlations (r) of CA with PD are 0.561 and 0.376 respectively. For the 20 communities with highest proportion SP, the association is a non-significant 0.108, for the 20 with highest BL, it is 0.196 and for the the 40 highest WH, the CA association with PD is 0.772. Data for the 40 most white communities are presented in a path analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1984

Non-use and cessation of cannabis use: neglected foci of drug education.

Analysis of responses from a large sample of students (grades 7-13) indicated that a large proportion of students reported never having tried cannabis, and the majority of those who had tried the drug reported no longer using it. Multivariate analyses, employing Multiple Classification Analysis procedures, identified those variables most strongly associated with initially trying cannabis and with discontinuing its use. These results indicated that some variables had a similar relationship to these two aspects of cannabis use, but other variables were related exclusively either to trying cannabis or to continuing its use. Implications for education and other preventive interventions are highlighted.

Adolescent↗