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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of risk factors for cervical cancer in different populations.

The incidence of cervical cancer has been found to vary between populations. Risk factors of cervical cancer include early age at first marriage, multiple marriages and antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The interrelatedness of these risk factors was examined by comparing data collected from 428 cancer cases and 947 control women selected from 6 populations having standardized cervical cancer incidence rates varying from 9.3 to 85.1 per 100,000. Logistic regression analysis revealed that multiple marriages, early age at first marriage or pregnancy and HSV-2 antibodies were all associated with significant risk when all 3 factors were entered into the model. Cervical cancer incidence rates were best predicted by the occurrence of HSV-2 antibodies among control women. To further assess the relation between cervical cancer rates and HSV-2 antibody, 2,306 additional sera representing an 0.8% random sample of females over 9 years of age residing in the Republic of Panama were assayed for antibodies to the virus, and the occurrence of antibodies was correlated with invasive cervical cancer rates specific to each Province. Data from both the random sample and the other study populations yielded a linear relation between the occurrence of HSV-2 antibodies and the incidence of cervical cancer. An exception was found for women living in Herrera Province, Republic of Panama, who had a higher cancer rate than predicted by HSV-2 antibody occurrence. The data suggested that infection with HSV-2 is a co-variable of venereal factors, although a role for the virus in the genesis of a certain proportion of cervical cancers is not excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Review on risk factors of cervical cancer.

This article reviews risk factors of cervical cancer which have been studied in the following aspects: (1) sociodemographic factors including educational level, urbanizational level, socioeconomic status, race and marriage; (2) sexual activity including age at first marriage, age at first coitus, multiple marriage, multiple sexual partners, broken marriage, unstable sex relationship, syphilis/gonorrhea history, coital frequency, multiple pregnancies and age at menarche; (3) factors related to husband including circumcision, sperm, smegma, previous wife with cervical cancer and occupations entailed mobility of husband and periods away from home; (4) psychosocial factors including stressful emotional status, deprived economic background and discontent home situation; (5) virus including herpes simplex type 2 and papilloma virus; (6) other factors including smoking, barrier and oral contraceptives.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Reduced breast cancer risk after remarriage: evidence of genetic-immune protection.

Several reproductive factors have been found to be associated with breast cancer. Based on an immunologic rather than strictly hormonal interpretation of these observations, we hypothesized that, beyond the observed associations relating to pregnancy per se, multiple marriages would be found to protect women against breast cancer. We obtained cases and controls from linked records from the Utah Cancer Registry and genealogic records. A total of 2,414 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 9,138 individually matched controls were included. The unadjusted odds ratio for each marriage after the first was 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68-0.97]. After adjustment for major reproductive factors, multiple marriages were still found to reduce the risk of breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.72-1.03). The findings are consistent with the operation of an immunologic mechanism in the etiology of breast cancer and suggest that the gene/antigen responsible for this effect is quite common in males. Further empirical evaluation of the fetal antigen hypothesis seems warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Indices of exposure to fetal and sperm antigens in relation to the occurrence of breast cancer.

We used data from a population-based case-control study to evaluate Janerich's hypothesis that reduced risk of breast cancer in women with multiple marriages may be attributable to an immune response to fetal or sperm antigens. Risk of breast cancer in women with multiple marriages was reduced relative to that in women who had been married only once; however, there was no indication that such risk was reduced among women whose full-term pregnancies were fathered by different men, relative to women whose pregnancies were each fathered by the same man. Increasing lifetime number of male sexual partners was associated with a trend of decreasing risk of breast cancer. Our results indicate that, if there are effects of exposure to fetal or male antigens on risk of female breast cancer, their impact may be heterogeneous.

Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automatic selection of loop breakers for genetic linkage analysis.

Pedigree loops pose a difficult computational challenge in genetic linkage analysis. The most popular linkage analysis package, LINKAGE, uses an algorithm that converts a looped pedigree into a loopless pedigree, which is traversed many times. The conversion is controlled by user selection of individuals to act as loop breakers. The selection of loop breakers has significant impact on the running time of the subsequent linkage analysis. We have automated the process of selecting loop breakers, implemented a hybrid algorithm for it in the FASTLINK version of LINKAGE, and tested it on many real pedigrees with excellent performance. We point out that there is no need to break each loop by a distinct individual because, with minor modification to the algorithms in LINKAGE/FASTLINK, a single individual that participates in multiple marriages can serve as a loop breaker for several loops. Our algorithm for finding loop breakers, called LOOPBREAKER, is a combination of: (1) a new algorithm that is guaranteed to be optimal in the special case of pedigrees with no multiple marriages and (2) an adaptation of a known algorithm for breaking loops in general graphs. The contribution of this work is the adaptation of abstract methods from computer science to a challenging problem in genetics.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the cervix uteri in Zaria: etiological factors.

The study conducted at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria from January to December, 1984 showed that carcinoma of the cervix uteri occurred in 4.18% of new gynecological attendances; 68.9% of the cases occurred in the age range 40-55 years. Early age at marriage (80.0%), and at first pregnancy (77.8%) as well as multiple marriages (48.9%) and low contraceptive usage were identifiable associated factors. The parity of the patient did not seem to be of significance. The earliest presenting symptom was post-coital bleeding occurring 10.8 months prior to attendance for medical advice. However, late presentation (in Stages IIb-IV) in 86.7% of cases was due to illiteracy, shyness, male dominance and non-recognition of the importance of early warning symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sexually transmitted diseases and medico-social factors associated with male infertility in Nigeria.

Medico-social factors such as type of infertility, sexually transmitted diseases (STD), drug abuse, erectile dysfunction, divorce, and polygamy were evaluated among 64 infertile men (i.e. 32 oligo-asthenozoospermic and 32 azoospermic) and 23 men of proven fertility in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Of the 64 infertile men, 27 (42%) and 37 (58%) had primary and secondary infertility respectively. A history of STD, indicated by purulent urethral discharge, was recorded among 40 (63%) with 22 (55%) of this number having had repeated exposures to STD. While 17 (43%) of the infected infertile men were treated by qualified medical doctors, 23 (57%) either had self-medication or received treatment from quacks. Five (8%) of the 64 infertile men used hard drugs, 11 (17%) had erectile dysfunction, 15 (23%) were re-married due to broken marriage relationship or divorce, and 7 (11%) were polygamous. All the fertile men were monogamous with no history of either erectile dysfunction or usage of hard drugs. One (4%) of the fertile men had a history of a broken marriage relationships. Six (26%) had a history of STD with 5 (26%) of them having received treatment from qualified medical doctors. Although the study population is small, the results obtained in this study reveal higher incidences of STD, marital instability, and multiple marriage partnerships (polygamy) among infertile men than the fertile in Jos.

Africa↗
PubMed2002

Estimation of inbreeding from ecclesiastical dispensations: application of three procedures to a Spanish case.

The inbreeding coefficient of a population, estimated from ecclesiastical Roman Catholic dispensations, results from the relative contribution of different degrees of relationships (uncle-niece, first cousin, etc.). The interpopulation comparisons of consanguinity patterns may be obscured by the fact that in 1918 the Roman Catholic Church norm regulating the closest marriageable kinship was modified, limiting the application for an ecclesiastical dispensation to relatives of third degree (second cousins) or closer. Depending on the length of the period before or after the change of regulation, coefficients and rates may differ. Deviation of frequencies for multiple marriages may also occur. The aim of the present paper is to determine how the chosen procedure based on ecclesiastical dispensations may affect results, regarding the inbreeding coefficient, the consanguinity rate, the structure of consanguinity and the close/remote kinship ratio. As a sample case, information from the Gredos mountain range (central Spain) has been used.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1989

Endometrial flora of infertile women in Zaria, northern Nigeria.

Microbiological study of the endometrium of 114 infertile women cultured 48 organisms (42.2%) from 42 patients (36.8%). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (16.7%) and Group B Streptococcus (8.8%) were the commonest organisms isolated. These organisms were also most commonly isolated from patients between the ages of 20 and 30 years. There is, however, an overall increase in the frequency of bacterial isolation with age-cohorts. Of the colonised patients, 36.8% were of parity less than two and most (26.3%) were nulliparous. It is possible that multiple marriages and polygamy played a significant role in the bacterial colonisation of the endometrium in the Hausa-Fulani population of Zaria, Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognized as a legitimate adult diagnostic category. Yet the nature of and comorbidities and adaptive impairments associated with adult ADHD have received little scientific investigation. The present study, therefore, compared 172 adults diagnosed with ADHD with 30 adults referred to the same adult ADHD clinic who were not so diagnosed. The ADHD group showed a significantly greater prevalence of oppositional, conduct, and substance abuse disorders, and greater illegal substance use than control adults. Moreover, adults with ADHD displayed greater self-reported psychological maladjustment, more driving risks (speeding violations), and more frequent changes in employment. Significantly more ADHD adults had experienced a suspension of their driver license, had performed poorly, quit, or been fired from their job, and had a history of poorer educational performance and more frequent school disciplinary actions against them than adults without ADHD. Multiple marriages were more likely in the ADHD group as well. Contrary to previous studies, anxiety and mood disorders were not found to be more prevalent in the ADHD than in the control group. Results suggest that ADHD in adults is associated with relatively specific risks for disruptive behavior disorders, school and job performance problems, and driving risks.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Meta-analysis of measures of sexual activity and prostate cancer.

We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between prostate cancer and aspects of sexual activity. The data suggest an elevated relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer among men with a history of sexually transmitted infections. This was observed with both random- and fixed-effects models (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.7; N = 17 studies; heterogeneity P = 0.14), especially for syphilis (RR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3-3.9; N = 6; heterogeneity P = 0.47). Risk of prostate cancer is also associated with increasing frequency of sexual activity (RR = 1.2 for an increase of three times per week; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3; N = 12). However, these studies are heterogeneous (P < 0.001). Increasing number of sexual partners is also associated with prostate cancer (RR = 1.2 for an increase of 20 partners; 95% CI = 1.1-1.3; N = 16; heterogeneity P = 0.11). The data do not support associations with multiple marriages, age at first intercourse, or age at first marriage. These results indicate an association between prostate cancer and sexually transmitted infections, suggesting that infections may represent one mechanism through which prostate cancer develops. The mechanism through which frequency of sexual activity may be related to prostate cancer is unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The ancestry of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL) in South Africa.

Comprehensive genealogical investigations have been undertaken in eight families in the Afrikaans-speaking community of South Africa, in which at least one person had spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity (SEMDJL). All eight families had ancestral links with two females. These women had multiple marriages and cohabitations during the late 17th and early 18th centuries and they were 12 generations removed from the affected individuals. The identification of these common progenitors confirmed the syndromic homogeneity of SEMDJL in South Africa and permitted recognition of numerous obligate heterozygotes, thus facilitating biomolecular investigations of the basic defect.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

H. Binga Dismond, MD--pioneer Harlem physician and much more.

All physicians hopefully have some interests beyond their specialty. Dismond exemplified a broad range of activities, including athletics, military service, poetry, multiple marriages, and socializing, as well as two specialties in medicine.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies in the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: expanded sampling.

From comparisons of prostatic cancer patients with matched control patients for selected risk variables, patients are characterized by three main trends: (a) delayed sexual drive and development, (b) early repression of sexuality, and (c) premature cessation of sexuality. Excessive numbers of patients reported occupational exposure to fertilizers and auto exhaust fumes. Diets of the patients were higher in animal fats. No differences were found between both groups for frequencies of multiple marriages or sex partners, nor for stressful effects from selected events early or late in life. Trends for circumcision and other variables are presented. The data suggest that early differences are hormonally conditioned, support a provisional endogenous rationale for initiation of prostatic cancer, and oppose a hypothesis favoring transmissible oncogenic agents. If results continue to hold up with increased sampling, limitation upon sexual activity at any time of life may increase risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Socio-demographic correlates of divorce in New Zealand.

"This paper links data obtained from a one-in-five systematic sample of New Zealand divorce files covering the period 1940-78 with published marriage and birth statistics to examine socio-demographic differentials in divorce rates among couples married between 1939 and 1973. Differentials investigated are those by age at marriage, relative age of bride and groom, marital status prior to marriage, relative marital status of bride and groom, pregnancy status of the wife at marriage, timing of the first birth, religion, country of birth and socioeconomic status. Several findings of overseas studies, such as the special proneness to divorce of very youthful marriages and remarriages following previous divorces, are verified for New Zealand. After controlling for age at marriage, pregnancy does not seem to have directly increased the risk of divorce."

Birth Intervals↗