[Clinical use of prifinium bromide in the treatment of pain caused by hypertonia of smooth muscle].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Muscle Hypertonia”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[Malignant hyperthermia. Review of literature and case reports].
Malignant hyperthermia may appear during surgery. It has at least three features: 1) an anesthesiological trigger, usually the association of halothane and succinylcholine; 2) rapid increase in body temperature; 3) widespread muscle hypertonia. The literature is reviewed in an assessment of the physiopathological mechanism underlying the syndrome, with particular reference to the part played by calcium. Experimental data are cited and their similarity with the clinical, laboratory, anatomical, and histopathological picture in man is discussed. A detailed account is also given of two personal cases. Lastly, questions associated with the prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia are examined.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Relationship between plasma concentration and effect of dantrolene sodium in man.
Dantrolen sodium is a muscle relaxant, which is used in the treatment of spasticity. Although it is given chronically, little is known about its pharmacokinetic behaviour. The relationship between the effect of a single oral dose of dantrolene sodium and its plasma concentration in healthy volunteers was studied by measuring the effect on the twitch tension, and in spastic patients on the decrease in muscle hypertonia. On the twitch tension dantrolene gave a depression of 49.1 +/- 9.4% (+/- DS) within 1.15 and 3.45 h after ingestion of 100 mg. The mean maximal plasma concentration was 1.24 +/- 0.32 microgram/ml (+/- SD). The effect and the plasma concentration were correlated. No relationship between the plasma concentration of dantrolene sodium and its effect could be established in patients, although definite activity in 6 out of 7 patients was observed after a single oral dose of 100 mg, and plasma concentration of dantrolene sodium greater than 0.3 microgram/ml were consistenly associated with better results than placebo treatment in 6 out of 7 patients.
Adult↗
GM1 gangliosidosis in adults: clinical and molecular analysis of 16 Japanese patients.
Clinical findings were compared with the results of molecular analysis in 16 Japanese patients from 10 unrelated families with the adult/chronic form of GM1 gangliosidosis. Age of onset ranged from 3 to 30 years. Major clinical manifestations were gait and speech disturbances caused by persistent muscle hypertonia. Dystonic postures and movements, facial grimacing, and parkinsonian manifestations were commonly seen. Cerebellar signs, myoclonus, severe intellectual impairment, dysmorphism, or visceromegaly were not observed. A common single-base substitution, 51Ile(ATC)----Thr(ACC), reported in a previous study of ours, was confirmed in 14 patients by the Bsu36I restriction site analysis; one was a compound heterozygote with another mutation (457Arg[CGA]----Gln[CAA]) and the others were homozygotes of this mutation. Clinically, the compound-heterozygous patient showed more severe neurological manifestations and a more rapid clinical course than those of homozygotes. The homozygotes showed considerable variations in the age of onset and subsequent clinical course. The 51Ile----Thr mutant allele expressed a significant amount of beta-galactosidase activity, whereas the 457Arg----Gln mutant allele expressed extremely low activity in human GM1 gangliosidosis fibroblasts. We conclude that these gene mutations causing different residual enzyme activities are related to the severity of clinical manifestations, but some other genetic or environmental factors contribute to clinical heterogeneity. The Bsu36I restriction site analysis was performed in 7 families and provided clear results for the diagnosis of heterozygotes as well as homozygotes of this specific clinical form of GM1 gangliosidosis. The technique is applicable to prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Adult↗
Oxygen consumption in relation to work load in students with cerebral palsy.
Eighteen adolescents with various forms of cerebral palsy performed tests on a mechanically braked ergometer bicycle. VO2 was measured at different loads and net mechanical efficiency calculated. It was found that efficiency was poor at light loads for most of the students but that there were significant intergroup differences in mechanical efficiency at higher loads. The leveling-off plateau demonstrated by healthy adolescents was only attained by a few of the disabled students. It was concluded that the muscle hypertonia and involuntary movements were responsible for the high level of energy expended in the mechanical work performed.
Adolescent↗
Clonazepam, baclofen and placebo in the treatment of spasticity.
25 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other spastic disorders, 33 MS patients and 10 control patients with MS were given clonazepam, baclofen or placebo over a period of 5 days to 20 weeks. Both clonazepam and baclofen were significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of spasticity (p less than 0.005 or p less than 0.01). A clinical trial of clonazepam versus baclofen was carried out and this showed no significant difference between the two drugs. However, there was indication that clonazepam influenced with better improvement in patients with slight muscle hypertonia mainly of cerebral origin. Patients with more severe forms, mainly of spinal spasticity, benefited rather from baclofen treatment (Fisher's test, p = 0.003). There was suggestion that combination of the two drugs may be more effective in some patients than than clonazepam or baclofen alone.
Adolescent↗
[The role of substance P in the modulation of myotension in paralyzed limbs after spinal transsection on rats].
It is a common clinical observation that stretch reflex excitability increases progressively after spinal transsection in man, and causes many severe complications. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of substance P (SP) on the spinal reflex following spinal cord transsection. We first observed the changes of spontaneous electromyography (EMG) recorded in the paralyzed limbs of spinally transsected rats, and found that the EMG amplitude increased progressively within 40 days. The results were as follows: 1) Spontaneous EMG increased significantly following intrathecal injection of 1 microgram capsaicin, and the sensitivity of EMG to capsaicin increased progressively with time. But this effect could be partly blocked by pretreatment with SP antiserum. 2) Spontaneous EMG increased significantly following intrathecal injection of SP. Yet the time course was relatively short and the amplitude of EMG was lower. These results indicate that SP in the spinal dorsal horn participates in the regulation of myotension, and it is suggested that to decrease SP content in the spinal dorsal horn or block the afferent fibers of dorsal roots might be an effective therapy to reduce the hypermyotension caused by spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis or other reasons.
Animals↗
[Combined treatment of myodystonic pain syndromes by manual therapy and acupuncture].
Combination of manual therapy (++post-isometric relaxation) and acupuncture in the treatment of myodystonic syndromes is based from the standpoint of realization of the neurophysiological components of the pathogenesis of myofascicular hypertonus. The controlled afferent flow created by ++post-isometric relaxation and acupuncture exerts a varying effect on the structural and functional levels of the nervous system. The therapeutic effect of manual therapy is realized at the special segmental level, that of acupuncture with participation of the suprasegmental systems.
Acupuncture Analgesia↗
[Pathologic muscle coactivation after injury of the brachial plexus].
As many as 58 patients with injury to the nerve trunks of brachial plexus were examined. As a consequence of the generation of nerve fibers after injury to brachial plexus or after surgical treatment, marked coactivation of muscles including antagonistic ones may not infrequently occur in patients at voluntary efforts. That coactivation may give rise to a noticeable decrease of the power effect of limb muscles. It may turn out at the same time that the same motoneurons act as representatives in different muscles. The most probable mechanism of pathological coactivation is the branching of axons during their branching into separate little branches each of which can, via the nerve membranes, grow towards different muscles including antagonistic ones. The branching of nerve fibers towards different muscles is likely to occur at anastomoses of the nerve trunk membranes. Thus, peculiar "nerve anastomoses" may occur. Via those anastomoses, nerve impulses have a possibility of "flowing" from one nerve to the other one. The phenomenon described should be taken into consideration in reconstructive surgery on brachial plexus.
Arm↗
[Clinical problems of neural lesions in the phase of rehabilitation. Their significance and importance in final success of rehabilitation therapy].
The frequency and significance of associated diseases and clinical problems in patients with nerve injuries in the recovery stage was statistically assessed. A variety of clinical situations are observed in practically all such patients. Half of the symptoms and diseases encountered relate to the nervous system and cardiocirculatory apparatus, while there is also a high incidence of skeletal muscle and urinary affections. The significance of these signs as far as rehabilitation is concerned can be seen in the fact that psychological and micturition disturbances are observed, along with muscle hypertonia, fibromyositis, cystitis and arthrosis. These form the more common obstacles to the regular execution of a rehabilitation programme, whereas no such significance is possessed by such serious diseases as valvular cardiopathy, hypertension and neoplasia of the neuraxis.
Constipation↗
Muscular hypertonia: quantitative analysis.
By a statistical method of analysis, the force applied to move a limb passively can be translated into physiologically relevant parameters relating to the muscle. The parameters identified and measured are the dynamic and static activity of the muscle and their interactions with the varying length of the muscle during stretch. This method of analysis has been shown to be of assistance in evaluating the reflex status of persons with central nervous system disorders in preparation for treatment and in measuring the effects of treatment.
Humans↗
Quantitative study of decorticate hypertonia in the squirrel monkey and decerebrate rigidity in the cat.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Objective quantification of spastic hypertonia: correlation with clinical findings.
To develop a reliable and objective technique for quantifying spastic hypertonia, ten chronically hemiplegic patients with varying degrees of spasticity were studied on three occasions during several weeks. The modified Ashworth scale, a clinical assessment of extremity tone, was performed before and after each of the following objective tests: (1) torque and EMG measurements during ramp and hold angular displacement about the elbow, (2) pendulum test of the lower extremity, and (3) H/M ratio studies of upper and lower extremities. Subject motor function was also quantified using the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale. A regression analysis was performed to determine how successfully each of the objective measures correlated with the clinical yardstick, the modified Ashworth scale. A similar correlation between the objective measures and the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale was performed. Temporal reproducibility of a test for a given subject was evaluated by performing an ANOVA of repeated measures for each test over the three study sessions in a given subject. We conclude that (1) both the ramp and hold threshold measurements and pendulum test offer acceptable objective measures of spastic hypertonia since they correlate closely with clinical perception, (2) the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment scale also correlates closely with the severity of spastic tone, and (3) objective measures of spastic hypertonia are often surprisingly reproducible when repeatedly applied to a selected group of chronic hemiplegic patients with long-standing spasticity.
Adult↗
Startle disease, or hyperekplexia: response to clonazepam and assignment of the gene (STHE) to chromosome 5q by linkage analysis.
Familial startle disease (also known as hyperekplexia and congenital "stiff-man" syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle reaction of sudden, unexpected auditory or tactile stimuli; affected neonates also have severe and occasionally fatal hypertonia. We recently encountered a large, five-generation family with startle disease, and treated 16 patients (including 1 neonate) with clonazepam; all experienced dramatic and sustained improvement. We performed systematic linkage analysis in this family, and found tight linkage between the disease locus and a polymorphic genetic marker locus (colony-stimulating factor receptor, or CSF1R) that has been physically mapped to chromosome 5q33-q35. The maximum odds ratio favoring linkage over nonlinkage is greater than 10,000,000:1 (lod score, 7.10) at 3% recombination. Several genes encoding neurotransmitter receptor components have been physically mapped to the subtelomeric region of chromosome 5q, and are thus candidates for the startle disease gene. The availability of additional large pedigrees with startle disease should facilitate identification and characterization of the gene for this disorder.
Adult↗
[Painful hypertonia of the calves. The role of the level of arousal apropos of 25 new cases].
Role of the level of alertness. Based upon 25 new cases. The author, after referring to the leg muscle bed syndrome associated with exercise, reports the frequency of painful spasticity of the calves, occurring initially at rest and in particular at night in the form of a restless legs syndrome, then secondarily during the day with varying degrees of persistence at rest and during exercise. This problem frequently has a lateral dominance and appears to be induced by self-maintained functional muscular spasticity of the gastrocnemii and soleus, explained by a study. It is frequently attributed to a venous etiology. This study based upon 25 cases enabled definition of the diagnosis and showed the probable links between EMG hyperactivity and a high level of alertness indicative of a predisposing situation.
Acepromazine↗
Maximal aerobic capacity of young people with spastic cerebral palsy.
Maximal aerobic capacity in bicycle ergometer tests was studied in nine children (aged 11 to 12 years) and five young men (aged 19 to 23 years), all with a spastic form of cerebral palsy, and compared with non-handicapped control groups. Results showed somewhat lower values for heart rate, oxygen uptake/kg, ventilation/kg and blood lactate concentrations for the majority of the spastic group. The physical work capacity of the handicapped group amounted to about 50 per cent of the corresponding values for the non-handicapped controls. Poor mechanical efficiency in the spastic group is the consequence of high oxygen uptake in relation to the work performed. The poor mechanical performance is mainly caused by the extra amount of energy required for qualitative changes in the muscle (constant hypertonia), involuntary movements and stabilizing movements during exercise on the bicycle ergometer.
Adult↗
Clinical phenotype and molecular analysis of a three-generation family with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5.
We report on a 3-generation family with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. Varied manifestations were found among the affected individuals including microcephaly, hypertonia, and micrognathia; mental retardation was common to all affected individuals. High resolution chromosome analysis was interpreted as del(5) (pter- > p14.3::p13.3- > qter). Molecular comparison of the deletion in this family with individuals with other 5p deletions suggests that the clinical findings are due specifically to the chromosomal material deleted from 5p13.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Partial trisomy 16q resulting from maternal translocation.
A 3 1/2-year-old male with partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 16 resulting from a maternal balanced translocation is described. Karyotype: 46,XY,--22,der(22),t(16;22)(q21;p12)mat.
Child, Preschool↗