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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Muscle relaxation and muscle spindle adaptation].

In experiments on deefferented m. triceps surae of the cats, the unequal correlation between speed of muscle relaxation during interval from 2.5 to 40 sec after the beginning of static stretch and the rate of adaptation of three functionally different groups of muscle spindles, was revealed. The dependence of the adaptation of muscle spindle endings on relaxation of both extra-and intrafusal muscle fibers, is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

A script for deep muscle relaxation.

Deep muscle relaxation has been used as an adjunct to many somatic and psycho-therapies since its introduction by Jacobsen in 1929. It is a therapeutic technique which is taught as a motor skill through the use of instruction, practice, and feedback about progress. The material in this paper provides a script for preparing a relaxation tape for clients to use between or in addition to regular therapy sessions.

Feedback↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some actions of chandonium iodide, a new short-acting muscle relaxant, in anaesthetized cats and on isolated muscle preparations.

1. The actions of the new skeletal muscle relaxant chandonium (HS310) on the cardiovascular, respiratory and skeletal muscle systems of the cat under chloralose anaesthesia and on chick and rat isolated skeletal muscle preparations have been described. 2. In the cat chandonium exhibited a potent, competitive, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking action that was rapid in onset and of short duration. It possessed a selective atropine-like action at the cardiac vagus neuro-effector junction but little or no ganglion blocking activity. Neither adrenergic neurone noralpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties were evident. 3. Unlike tubocurarine, chandonium was without effect on the airways system of the anaesthetized cat. 4. Chandonium possessed weak anticholinesterase action. It is conceivable that this effect may contribute to its short duration of action. 5. The results from these studies suggest that chandonium may have possible clinical applications as a short-acting muscle relaxant.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Antiphosphodiesterase activity and nonspecific smooth muscle relaxation tested on intestinal smooth muscles.

Mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions separated from the guinea pig taenia and from the dog longitudinal smooth muscle were used as phosphodiesterase preparation. Each preparation had low and high Km values, indicating the existence of at least two kinds of phosphodiesterase. Papaverine and Aspaminol (1, 1-diphenyl-3-piperidinobutanol hydrochloride), hydralazine, caffeine Na benzoate and aminophylline were used at test drugs. Aspaminol had little inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase. Ki value of papaverine almost equalled the concentration (M) which was necessary to produce 50% relaxation. Relaxation of the guinea pig taenia by papaverine was preceded by an increase of intracellular cyclic AMP,. Therefore, the action of papaverine is likely to be mediated by an increase in cyclic AMP, which is caused by inhibition of the phosphodiesterase-catalyzed breakdown of cyclic AMP. There was little correlation between relaxing activities of the drugs used and their antiphosphodiesterase activities. Relaxation of the smooth muscle induced by the smooth muscle relaxants excepting papaverine is not due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacological profile of N-(2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)-N-(1-methyl-2pyrrolidinylidene)urea, xilobam, a new centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant.

The pharmacological profile of a new centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, xilobam, is described and compared to that of existing skeletal muscle relaxants. The potencyof xilobam, administered intravenously, is approximately ten times that of methocarbamol in the linguomandibular assay in the cat. When evaluated in the strychnin assay in the mouse, the potency of xilobam is approximately seven times that of chlorzoxazone and eleven tomes that of methocarbamol and five times that of metaxalone. In contrast to methocarbamol, xilobam exhibits little or no sedative activity and appears devoid of antianxiety properties. When administered to non-anesthetized dogs, xilobam and other centrally acting muscle relaxants, such as chlorzoxazone and methocarbamol, increased arterial pressure and heart rate. Mydraiasis, vocalization and muscle rigidity were concomitantly observed. These effects appear to be centrally induced. It is concluded that xilobam appears to be a potent centrally acting muscle relaxant which should not be sedating or anxiolytic in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The role of bronchoconstrictors in evaluating smooth muscle relaxant activity.

Several bronchoconstrictor and smooth muscle relaxant agents were studied in a dog preparation (in vivo) and on guinea pig tracheal strips (in vitro). Isoproterenol, isoetharine and N-t-butylnorepinephrine, individually, had similar dose-response curves and ED50 values when tested as antagonists of histamine and carbamylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine, thenyldiamine, atropine and suloxifen each exhibited more selective antagonism. A ratio of anticholinergic and antihistamine ED50s was obtained in dogs and on guinea pig tracheal strips. The rank order correlation coefficient of this ratio for each drug in the two species (rs = 0.93) was highly significant. Dose-responses to smooth muscle relaxant effects of isoproterenol were obtained with several different constrictors and experimental conditions on guinea pig tracheal strips. The choice of a constrictor and experimental conditions was found to affect EC50 values. The influence of resting tension, temperature, season, dibenamine-pretreatment and manner of performing the dose-response was evaluated. Both Ba and carbamylcholine were found to be suitable constricting agents under various conditions, whereas histamine, serotonin, potassium and rubidium had more limitations and eight other inorganic ions were not suitable.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Etonitazine-induced rigidity and its antagonism by centrally acting muscle relaxants.

Some narcotic drugs have been reported to produce increases in muscle tone in rats. In our laboratory we have found that etonitazine produces a 'lead-pipe' rigidity of the trunk and limb musculature. The reported studies were conducted to characterize etonitazine-induced rigidity more fully, to compare the degree of rigidity with that produced by morphine, codeine and methadone, and to assess the sensitivity of this rigidity to centrally acting muscle relaxants. Of the 4 narcotics tested, etonitazine was far more potent than methadone or morphine for producing rigidity; codeine did not produce peak rigidity comparable to the other 3 narcotics. Etonitazine-induced rigidity occurs at a supraspinal level since the effect was prevented by spinal transsection. Etonitazine-induced rigidity was prevented by the narcotic antagonists cyclazocine, pentazocine and naloxone but not by the serotonin depletor, p-chlorophenylalanine. Etonitazine-induced rigidity was antagonized by centrally acting muscle relaxants, including diazepam, methocarbamol, carisoprodol and zoxazolamine; in agreement with their relative clinical muscle relaxant potencies, diazepam is the most potent antagonist of etonitazine-induced rigidity.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antagonism of anthracene-9-carboxylic acid as screening test for muscle relaxants.

Veratrinic response produced by anthracene-9-carboxylic acid in mice has been used as a model for studying effect of variety of drugs which induce muscle relaxation. None of the drugs listed as general depressants, central muscle relaxants, neuromuscular blocking agents and anti-convulsants were effective even at doses causing 100% loss of righting reflex. Local anaesthetics/direct acting muscle relaxants were effective. This simple model employed in conjunction with Straub's tail test can differentiate various categories of muscle relaxants and their mechanism of action.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1979

Anaphylactic reactions to muscle relaxants under general anesthesia.

Eleven patients who suffered a reaction to the administration of muscle relaxants during induction of general anesthesia were explored using skin tests, leukocyte histamine release, lymphocyte transformation test, and the Prausnitz-Küstner test (P-K). Fifteen normal subjects served as controls. Patients who suffered a reaction showed considerable cutaneous hypersensitivity to muscle relaxants. Leukocyte histamine release was positive in three cases and the P-K test was positive in one case. These findings suggest possible specific serum IgE antibodies to muscle relaxants. However, reliable discrimination between immunological and idiosyncratic pharmacological mechanism is difficult to obtain.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle actions of dantrolene sodium--a skeletal muscle relaxant.

Dantroline sodium, a skeletal muscle relaxant, has been proposed to inhibit the relase of Ca++ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Such a mechanism suggests that other muscle contractile systems operating with the same Ca++ denominator should also be affected by the drug. In the present studies dantrolene sodium effects on smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle have been evaluated with in situ and in vitro techniques. In anesthetized dogs in situ skeletal muscle contractions were inhibitied in a dose-dependent manner, but cardiac muscle contractions were not. Effects on intestinal smooth muscle responses were highly variable and of short duration. In vitro, ED50 values were developed with dantrolene sodium (0.15-120 mg/l) in DMSO for each tissue. Skeletal muscle was the most sensitive (ED50 = 4.1 mg/l), cardiac muscle contractions were not inhibited by the drug and intestinal smooth muscle (ED50 = 59.0 mg/l) was approximately 1/14 as sensitive as skeletal muscle. It is concluded that skeletal muscle is uniquely sensitive to dantrolene sodium. A hypothesis for this specific action is offered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular interlimbic distance. A new method of monitoring muscle relaxation during anaesthesia.

Measurement of the ocular interlimbic distance (OILD) with a vernier caliper has proved a useful method of studying the reduction in muscle tone caused by general anaesthetic agents and non-depolarising muscle relaxants. The depolarising muscle relaxant, suxamethonium, has a special effect on the extraocular muscles which can be exploited to monitor the incremental use of this drug and to assist in the management of suxamethonium-apnoea in patients with atypical pseudocholinesterase.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Comparative effects of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants on succinycholine-induced fasciculations and postoperative pain.

The effectiveness of pancuronium (1.0 to 1.5 mg), d-tubocurarine (3 mg), and gallamine (20 mg) administered three minutes before succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) in preventing muscle fasciculations and postoperative muscle pains was compared in 100 patients. Pretreatment with pancuronium abolished fasciculations and produced rapid and excellent muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation. Both d-tubocurarine (dTc) and gallamine administered prior to succinylcholine (SCh) were inconsistent in prevention fasciculations. Muscle relaxation was significantly delayed in onset, shorter in duration, and was inadequate for intubation in the majority of patients. The 45% incidence of postoperative muscle pains in the control group decreased after pretreatment with gallamine, dTc, and pancuronium to 20%, 15%, and less than 5%, respectively. It was concluded from the present study that pancuronium is superior to dTc and gallamine for preventing SCh-induced fasciculations and postoperative muscle pains without compromising the muscle relaxation for intubation. However, pancuronium administered for pretreatment may significantly prolong the action of succinylcholine and caution is to be exercised in patients having short surgical procedures and when additional doses of muscle relaxants may be required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Actions of a new muscle relaxant (AH8165) on neuromuscular transmission.

The effects of a new muscle relaxant, AH8165, on miniature endplate potential (MEPP) amplitude and frequency, endplate sensitivity to acetylcholine, and muscle twitch tension were studied in vitro in the frog sartorius muscle. Nerve terminal effects were studied in vivo in the cat soleus muscle and its ventral root fibers. AH8165 stimulates the nerve terminal, as evidenced by increased MEPP frequency and the appearance of post-drug repetitive activity. In the same concentration range at which MEPP frequency is increased, MEPP amplitude, endplate sensitivity to acetylcholine, and twitch tension are decreased. This suggests that AH8165 produces muscle relaxation by blocking postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. (Key works: Neuromuscular relaxants, AH8165.).

Acetylcholine↗