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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Musculoskeletal abnormalities and ichthyosis.

Musculoskeletal abnormalities and the associated findings of ichthyosis were seen in three patients between 1972 and 1975. Review of the literature revealed that musculoskeletal abnormalities had previously been recognized in patients with ichthyosis, but not emphasized because of the more frequent and profound neurological abnormalities. Interestingly, our patients had no neurological abnormalities. Ichthyotics should have thorough musculoskeletal as well as neurological and dermatological examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities.

A family with multiple musculoskeletal abnormalities is reported. The disorder is characterised by platyspondyly, abnormality of the upper femoral epiphyses, and the development of precocious osteoarthritis. It is proposed that this family represents an example of autosomal dominantly inherited spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SED tarda).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital ocular fibrosis with musculoskeletal abnormality: a new association.

Two siblings demonstrated an association of congenital ocular fibrosis (COF) syndrome with musculoskeletal abnormalities consisting of generalized muscle wasting, scoliosis, pigeon-chest deformity, bilateral fusion of the ribs in triplets, prominent coccyx, and sacral dimple. While most of the ocular and systemic "associations" hitherto described in the literature might have been coincidental, the coexistence of a generalized musculloskeletal disease with the COF syndrome raises the possibility that the ocular condition may be part of a more widespread disease process affecting the skeletal muscles.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1994

Comparison between fast spin-echo and conventional spin-echo imaging of normal and abnormal musculoskeletal structures in children and young adults.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The differences in imaging characteristics between conventional and fast spin-echo studies of the skeletons of children and young adults were evaluated. METHODS: Concurrent conventional and fast spin-echo studies of 23 patients were compared by measuring signal intensity, contrast, and, subjectively, conspicuity of normal and abnormal musculoskeletal structures. RESULTS: Fast proton-density-weighted images had lower signal-to-noise ratios of muscle, fat, and physeal, epiphyseal, and articular cartilage. Using more than three echoes for proton-density images resulted in blurring and decreased lesion conspicuity. On fast T2-weighted images, there was greater conspicuity of normal cortex, ligaments, and muscle; but less contrast between fat and water because of a higher signal-to-noise ratio of fat. When both sequences were obtained with similar image quality, fast spin-echo was 40% faster. CONCLUSION: Fast spin-echo studies allows faster imaging, but can have blurring on proton-density-weighted images and decreased fat-water contrast on T2-weighted images.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posttraumatic sports-related musculoskeletal abnormalities: prevalence in a normal population.

The prevalence of posttraumatic musculoskeletal (MS) abnormalities attributable to athletics within general populations has not been identified. In this study, comprehensive athletic histories and MS examinations were performed on 127 medical students, aged 23 to 32. A total of 158 separate congenital, developmental, and acquired MS abnormalities were detected among 93 subjects (73.2%). Forty-seven subjects (37.0%) demonstrated 64 separate sports-related abnormalities, including decreased joint range in motion (ROM), articular laxity, synovitis, tendinitis, and bursitis. Participants in contact sports had the highest prevalence, runners were intermediate, and participants in noncontact sports had the lowest prevalence of posttraumatic MS abnormalities. Ninety subjects (70.8%) had previous history of sports-related injuries. Participation in specific sports correlated with predictable injury patterns and with their sequelae as noted on physical examination. The data presented suggest a high incidence of sports injury in general populations, and demonstrate that posttraumatic MS abnormalities attributable to athletics are highly prevalent in otherwise normal young adults.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gradient-echo perfusion imaging of musculoskeletal abnormalities with contrast-enhanced two-dimensional fat-saturation FLASH.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of MR perfusion imaging of various musculoskeletal lesions with a contrast-enhanced two-dimensional fat saturation fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence and to assess the potential of this technique for distinguishing malignant from benign conditions. Thirty-six musculoskeletal lesions were studied at 1.5 T. The signal intensity of the lesions, adjacent artery, muscle, bone marrow, and fat were plotted against time. The time to peak enhancement, time to maximum signal intensity, percent enhancement, rate of peak enhancement, and rate of enhancement parameters were calculated. Because of a significant overlap between malignant and benign conditions, accuracy rates were lower than reported previously. The best parameter based on these values was the rate of peak enhancement (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 65.2-66.6%; positive predictive value, 57.8-68.7%). Fat saturation gradient-echo MR perfusion imaging allows for a rapid assessment of the vascularity of musculoskeletal pathology; however, a significant overlap persists between malignant neoplasms and several benign conditions.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Musculoskeletal abnormalities in a patient with juvenile hypothyroidism.

Abnormalities in growth and development are the most striking clinical features of juvenile acquired hypothyroidism. Therefore, physicians should consider the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in any child with musculoskeletal growth dysfunction. Drs Kilpatrick and Fincher describe a case demonstrating the severe and potentially irreversible effects of prolonged, untreated hypothyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pigmentation and musculoskeletal abnormalities in an aged state hospital population.

In a State hospital population, 686 patients (mean age, 65 years) were examined for patterned pigmentation on unexposed areas of the body. Of these patients, 285 (41.5 percent) met the criteria for pigmentation. There were no sex or age differences. Psychosis had been diagnosed in 96 percent of the pigmented group. All of the 239 patients examined orthopedically had vertebral malalignment greater than 15 degrees and often had other bony deformities. Nearly all of the pigmented group displayed dyskinetic activity. A possible mechanism for the production of the pigmentation-psychosis-skeletal deformity triad could be an alteration in the concentration of available melatonin. Continued research along these lines may lead to an effective means of pharmacologic treatment as well as better psychologic and physical care.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The orthopaedic manifestations of prune-belly (Eagle-Barrett) syndrome.

Forty children were managed for prune-belly syndrome between 1979 and 1989, and twenty-five of them had musculoskeletal abnormalities. The musculoskeletal abnormalities were primary in twenty-two children, secondary to renal osteodystrophy in one, and both primary and secondary to renal osteodystrophy in two. Thirteen children had marked abnormality of the hip, and congenital dislocation was typically resistant to conventional treatment. Scoliosis was seen in seven patients. Pectus excavatum (a chest-wall deformity) was seen in eleven patients, including five of the six who had an idiopathic-like curve. Although prune-belly syndrome is uncommon, the diagnosis necessitates a thorough orthopaedic evaluation because of the high prevalence of associated musculoskeletal abnormalities.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Nontraumatic pediatric musculoskeletal MR imaging: comparison of conventional and fast-spin-echo short inversion time inversion-recovery technique.

PURPOSE: To compare conventional short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) with fast spin-echo (FSE) STIR techniques to evaluate suspected nontraumatic musculoskeletal abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty STIR and FSE-STIR examinations in 26 pediatric patients with suspected nontraumatic musculoskeletal abnormalities were prospectively evaluated. Qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (five-point rank score) analyses of the images were performed. RESULTS: FSE-STIR was faster than STIR (mean, 2 minutes 25 seconds and 6 minutes 35 seconds, respectively). Fat suppression was slightly better with STIR. Image degradation due to motion was judged similar. Lesion contrast to muscle was slightly better with STIR than FSE-STIR, and lesion contrast to fat was equivalent. Qualitatively, lesion conspicuity was similar: All lesions were seen with both techniques. CONCLUSION: FSE-STIR can replace STIR when an inversion-recovery fat-suppression sequence is desired. Considerable imaging time is saved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomographic features of renal osteodystrophy.

The spectrum of musculoskeletal abnormalities seen on routine computed tomographic (CT) examinations of five patients with renal osteodystrophy are described. CT findings included multiple brown tumors, osteitis fibrosa cystica, abnormal sacroiliac joints, periarticular tumoral calcifications, prominent Schmorl's nodes, and slipped capital femoral epiphyses. In this small group of patients, the musculoskeletal abnormalities ranged from the subtle to the dramatic. Although CT examination is rarely used as a screening test for renal osteodystrophy, it is important to be familiar with its many appearances on CT, in order not to confuse the CT changes of renal osteodystrophy with metastatic disease, osteomyelitis, or inflammatory arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Genetic diseases with rheumatic manifestations in children.

Many nonrheumatic diseases of childhood present with musculoskeletal abnormalities. A significant proportion of these disorders have a genetic basis, many involving defects in structural proteins of the connective tissue. Chief among these are collagen mutations resulting in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, as well as fibrillin defects associated with Marfan's syndrome. A variety of other chromosomal anomalies are associated with musculoskeletal abnormalities, and may result from as yet unidentified connective tissue defects. In addition, metabolic diseases may result in findings of hyper- or hypomobility, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Helpful clinical clues to identify nonrheumatologic musculoskeletal disease, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of several of these disorders, are reviewed here.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fast spin echo STIR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the image quality, contrast characteristics, and possible clinical utility of STIR images obtained using a fast SE (FSE) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The signal and contrast characteristics of FSE STIR images were evaluated using a lipid/water phantom and normal volunteers. Based upon these results, optimal FSE STIR imaging parameters were chosen. Conventional STIR and FSE STIR images were then obtained (while maintaining an equal number of section locations between the two sequences) in a series of 14 patients with known musculoskeletal abnormalities. These images were compared side by side by two experienced MR radiologists for image quality and lesion detection. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the FSE STIR images and conventional STIR images in lesion detection, image quality, motion artifact, or final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: STIR imaging provides optimal contrast for detection of many pathologic abnormalities. This is especially true for musculoskeletal tumors and infection. The long imaging time and reduced number of sections obtainable with conventional SE (CSE) STIR sequences limit their routine use. Our results show that FSE STIR images of the musculoskeletal system can be obtained up to seven times more rapidly than CSE STIR images without compromising lesion detection or image quality.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Moebius syndrome: animal model--human correlations and evidence for a brainstem vascular etiology.

The Moebius syndrome consists of congenital seventh nerve palsy associated with other cranial nerve palsies, most often of the sixth, and/or musculoskeletal abnormalities. A retrospective study of the events of pregnancy in 15 cases was undertaken, after a rat animal model showed that abdominal trauma, uterine vessel clamping and handling and hyperthermia caused bilateral brainstem lesions in fetal rats. Eight of the 15 cases surveyed included a possible associated event during pregnancy; hyperthermia, previous uterine surgery, electric shock, failed abortion, prolonged rupture of the membranes, or alcohol abuse. These events can be correlated with animal studies that involve acute uteroplacental vascular insufficiency produced by a variety of methods. The cause of most cases of Moebius syndrome is probably a transient ischemic/hypoxic insult to the fetus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Nonlinear dynamics stability measurements of locomotion in healthy greyhounds.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize normal locomotion of dogs, using nonlinear dynamic stability measurements to analyze two-dimensional kinematic data. ANIMALS: 5 healthy, orthopedically sound Greyhounds. PROCEDURE: Data were studied by sequentially constructing phase plane portraits from the angular velocity and displacement data; creating first-return (Poincaré) maps from periodically sampled data; and evaluating the dynamic stability of the gait, using Floquet multipliers calculated from the assembled data. Retroreflective markers were placed on the left craniodorsal aspect of the iliac spine, greater trochanter, lateral epicondyle of the femur, lateral malleolus, and fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. Each dog was repeatedly led at a trot along a 10-m runway. Data were collected, using a video-based, two-dimensional motion measurement and analysis system. Dogs were considered a nonlinear system and were represented by the joint angular displacements and velocities. Phase plane portraits and first-return maps were constructed to analyze the smoothed data. The Floquet theory was then used to investigate the local stability of critical points of the discrete map. RESULTS: The femorotibial joint had the highest angular velocity, ranging from -2.5 to 4.9 radians/s. Tarsal joint velocity ranged from -2.7 to 3.2 radians/s, and the coxofemoral angle had the lowest range of -2.2 to 2.2 radians/s. The points on the first-return maps converged to the 45 degrees diagonal line and were clustered together. The largest Floquet multiplier averaged 0.452, which characterized the stability of this population and will be used to draw a comparison between this and future work. CONCLUSIONS: Nonlinear dynamics can be effectively used to analyze two-dimensional kinematic data from animal models to quantify the dynamic stability of animal locomotion through precise mathematical measurements. The method is general and can be applied to normal or abnormal gaits. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Point mapping and quantitative measurement of joint movement have several advantages associated with the application to animal and human locomotion. The clinician can visually distinguish the normal gait pattern from abnormal patterns to assist in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal abnormalities (diseases).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nociceptive reflexes and the somatic dysfunction: a model.

A model of somatic dysfunction is developed in which restriction in mobility and autonomic, visceral, and immunologic changes are produced by pain-related sensory neurons and their reflexes. Nociceptors are known to produce muscular guarding reactions, as well as autonomic activation, when musculoskeletal or visceral tissue is stressed or damaged. This guarding causes abnormal musculoskeletal position and range of motion. Local inflammatory responses and autonomic reflexes further reinforce nociceptor activity, maintaining restriction. Nociceptive autonomic reflexes also evoke changes in visceral and immunologic function. Finally, maintenance of muscles, joints, and related tissues in an abnormal guarding position causes changes in the connective tissues, solidifying the abnormal position. Stretching these tissues into a normal range of motion will restimulate the nociceptor, reflexly reinforcing the somatic dysfunction. This model has evolved from Korr's neurologic model but emphasizes the nociceptor and its reflexes as a source of the connective tissue, circulatory, visceral, and immunologic changes seen in the somatic dysfunction.

Bone and Bones↗