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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetic parameters of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) after intramuscular administration of nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) to healthy volunteers.

Nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin) was injected intramuscularly into healthy volunteers. One group of females received one injection of 100 mg and three groups of males received one injection of 200 mg, two repeat injections of 100 mg or four repeat injections of 50 mg respectively. The serum levels of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) were determined by radioimmunoassay and used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were found: a mean half-life of 6 days for the release of the ester from the muscular injection depot into the general circulation; a mean half-life of 4.3 h for the combined processes of hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate and of distribution and elimination of nandrolone; a mean nandrolone serum clearance of 1.55 1 X h-1 X kg-1. The half-life of hydrolysis of nandrolone decanoate in serum was of the order of one hour or less. The data are consistent with linear kinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of nandrolone and/or its metabolites after intramuscular injection of nandrolone phenylpropionate to horses.

A radioimmunological method was used as a screening procedure to determine the period of detection or "clearance time", for the horse, of therapeutic doses of the synthetic anabolic steroid nandrolone phenylpropionate. Seven horses, either at rest or being exercised, were given a course of weekly intramuscular injections of the steroid. On the separate occasion, some of the horses were given a single intramuscular injection of the same compound. The weekly injections maintained a high plasma concentration of nandrolone and/or metabolites. The mean (+/- sd) period of detection in plasma of these compounds was 23 (+/- 2) days (range 21 to 25) in resting horses and 20 (+/- 6) days (range 14 to 27) in exercised animals. The mean period of detection in urine was 25 (+/- 7) days (range 16 to 32) and 25 (+/- 12) days (range 9 to 38) for resting and exercised horses, respectively. After a single intramuscular injection to resting horses, the mean periods of detection were 12(+/- 2) days (range 9 to 15) and 13 (+/- 2) days (range 11 to 16) in plasma and urine, respectively. In all experiments there was considerable individual variation in the time taken for the plasma and urine concentrations to return to pre-dose values. This variation was particularly marked in the urine of exercised horses given a course of injections. With horses in training, this period may be over 5 weeks, a period approaching the minimum of 42 days advocated by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons that the therapeutic use of anabolic steroids should be discontinued before racing.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Nandrolone decanoate pre-treatment attenuates unweighting-induced functional changes in rat soleus muscle.

The effect of nandrolone decanoate pre-treatment (15 mg kg(-1) week(-1), for 6 weeks) was tested on the changes in mass and contractile properties of soleus muscle associated with 3 weeks of hindlimb suspension. Male rats were assigned to four groups (eight animals/group): control, nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded, hindlimb-unweighted and nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted. Compared with age-matched control values, suspension induced a reduction in relative muscle mass and a shift in tension characteristics from slow-towards fast-twitch type. Nandrolone decanoate pre-treatment of suspended animals (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted vs. nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded) partially spared the relative soleus mass. Furthermore, (1) the relative twitch tension (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded: 5.4 +/- 0.7%; nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted: 5.1 +/- 0.5%), (2) the time to peak tension (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded: 152 +/- 9 ms; nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted: 167 +/- 15 ms), (3) the time constant of relaxation (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded: 274 +/- 12 ms; nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted: 245 +/- 20 ms), (4) the relative K+ contracture tension (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded: 81.7 +/- 3.8%; nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted: 86.9 +/- 4.2%) and (5) the relative caffeine contracture tension (0.5 mM) (nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-loaded: 5.2 +/- 0.8%; nandrolone decanoate hindlimb-unweighted: 5.9 +/- 1.1%) were not significantly modified. The present results demonstrate that exogenously provided nandrolone decanoate pre-treatment attenuates functional changes occurring in soleus muscle subject to unweighting.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nandrolone esters in oil vehicle: effects of ester, injection site and injection volume.

We studied healthy men who underwent blood sampling for plasma nandrolone, testosterone and inhibin measurements before and for 32 days after a single i.m. injection of 100 mg of nandrolone ester in arachis oil. Twenty-three men were randomized into groups receiving nandrolone phenylpropionate (group 1, n = 7) or nandrolone decanoate (group 2, n = 6) injected into the gluteal muscle in 4 ml of arachis oil vehicle or nandrolone decanoate in 1 ml of arachis oil vehicle injected into either the gluteal (group 3, n = 5) or deltoid (group 4, n = 5) muscles. Plasma nandrolone, testosterone and inhibin concentrations were analyzed by a mixed-effects indirect response model. Plasma nandrolone concentrations were influenced (P < .001) by different esters and injection sites, with higher and earlier peaks with the phenylpropionate ester, compared with the decanoate ester. After nandrolone decanoate injection, the highest bioavailability and peak nandrolone levels were observed with the 1-ml gluteal injection. Plasma testosterone concentrations were also influenced (P < .001) by the ester and injection site, with the most rapid, but briefest, suppression being due to the phenylpropionate ester, whereas the most sustained suppression was achieved with the 1-ml gluteal injection. Plasma inhibin concentrations were also significantly influenced by injection volume and site, with the lowest nadir occurring after the nandrolone decanoate 1-ml gluteal injection. Thus, the bioavailability and physiological effects of a nandrolone ester in an oil vehicle are greatest when the ester is injected in a small (1 ml vs. 4 ml) volume and into the gluteal vs. deltoid muscle. We conclude that the side-chain ester and the injection site and volume influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nandrolone esters in an oil vehicle in men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Detection of nandrolone, testosterone, and their esters in rat and human hair samples.

Nandrolone and testosterone are anabolic androgenic steroids occasionally abused by athletes. A sensitive, specific, and reproducible gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of nandrolone, testosterone, and their esters in hair has been developed. The limits of quantitation of this method, based on 20 mg of hair, were 50 pg/mg for nandrolone and testosterone, 100 pg/mg for testosterone acetate, and 200 pg/mg for nandrolone-decanoate. Nandrolone-d3 and testosterone-d3 were used as internal standards. This method has been applied to the analysis of these compounds incorporated into rat and human hair. Male Long-Evans rats were given nandrolone decanoate 60 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 10 days over a time period of 14 days. Two of the three rats contained nandrolone in the pigmented hair collected at day 21 at a concentration of 63 and 76 pg/mg, respectively. No drug was found in the corresponding nonpigmented hair. The rat hair samples that tested positive for nandrolone contained also nandrolone decanoate in concentrations of 0.9 and 1.2 ng/mg, respectively. In a separate experiment rats were given testosterone acetate 10 mg/kg i.p. once daily for five days. No testosterone or testosterone acetate was detected in the rat hair samples. Hair specimens were also obtained from four self-reported steroid users. The hair of two subjects were determined to be positive for testosterone in concentrations of 54 and 81 pg/mg. These data demonstrate that it is possible to detect the steroids nandrolone, testosterone, and nandrolone decanoate in hair after systemic administration.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nandrolone decanoate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men with mild to moderate weight loss with recombinant human growth hormone as active reference treatment.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the effectiveness of a biweekly regimen of 150 mg nandrolone with placebo in HIV-infected men with mild to moderate weight loss and contrasted its effects against a Food and Drug Administration-approved regimen of recombinant human (rh)GH. METHODS: In this placebo-controlled, randomized, 12-wk trial, placebo and nandrolone (150 mg im biweekly) were administered double blind, and rhGH (6 mg sc daily) was administered in an open-label manner. Participants were HIV-infected men with 5-15% weight loss over 6 months and on stable antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 wk. Lean body mass (LBM), muscle performance, physical function, endurance, hormone levels, insulin sensitivity, sexual function, quality of life, and appetite were assessed at baseline and after 12 wk. RESULTS: Nandrolone administration was associated with a greater increase in LBM (+1.6 +/- 0.3 kg) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan than placebo (+0.4 +/- 0.3 kg; P < 0.05); however, the change in LBMs with nandrolone was not significantly different from rhGH (+2.5 +/- 0.3 kg). Nandrolone administration was also associated with significantly greater gains in fat-free mass (+1.6 +/- 0.3 kg), body cell mass (+1.0 +/- 0.2 kg), and intracellular water (+0.9 +/- 0.2 kg) than placebo; these changes in the nandrolone group were not significantly different from the rhGH group. rhGH administration was associated with greater loss of whole body fat mass and higher frequency of drug-related adverse effects and treatment discontinuations than nandrolone and placebo and a greater increase in extracellular water than nandrolone. Nandrolone treatment was associated with greater improvements in perception of health than rhGH and sexual function than placebo. The cachexia/anorexia scores, health care resource use, and insulin sensitivity did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: We conclude that nandrolone is superior to placebo and not significantly different from a Food and Drug Administration-approved regimen of rhGH in improving lean body mass in HIV-infected men with mild to moderate weight loss.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

[13C]Nandrolone excretion in trained athletes: interindividual variability in metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Nandrolone is one of the most abused anabolic steroids, and its use in doping is increasing, as revealed by numerous positive cases during recent years in various sports. Different authors have reported the possible natural production of nandrolone metabolites in humans, and some of these authors argued that exhaustive exercise could increase nandrolone production in the body or induce dehydration and consequently lead to an increase of nandrolone metabolites in urine. METHODS: Volunteers (n = 22) ingested two 25-mg doses of [(13)C]nandrolone at 24-h intervals and collected urine specimens for 5 days. The labeled nandrolone metabolites 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Interindividual variability was observed in nandrolone excretion patterns and kinetics, as well as for the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio. The amounts of nandrolone metabolites measured at the excretion peak varied between 1180 and 38 661 microg/L for norandrosterone and 576 and 12 328 microg/L for noretiocholanolone. At the end of the excretion period, the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio was sometimes >1. The analysis of numerous spot-urine samples allowed the determination of an acceptable correlation between urinary creatinine and specific gravity for placebo- and steroid-treated individuals: y = 0.0052ln(x) + 1.0178 (r(2) = 0.8142) and y = 0.0068ln(x) + 1.0172 (r(2) = 0.7730), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The excretion kinetics and patterns of labeled nandrolone show interindividual variability. More investigations are currently underway to estimate the influence of exhaustive exercises on excretion of labeled nandrolone metabolites in urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Nandrolone decanoate causes pathologic changes in the uterus of surgically postmenopausal female cynomolgus macaques.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of the androgenic anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on uterine endometrium and myometrium and on the mammary gland of female cynomolgus macaques by using morphologic, histomorphometric, and histopathologic determinations. DESIGN: Histologic and histomorphometric measurements were performed on uteri and mammary glands that were collected at necropsy from animals that had been used in a long-term experiment to examine the effects of nandrolone decanoate on bone and coronary arteries. The animals were surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques randomized into four treatment groups: (a) intact sham ovariectomized (sham; n = 12), (b) ovariectomized (OVX; n = 15), (c) ovariectomized + nandrolone decanoate for 2 years (OVX + ND; n = 14), and (d) ovariectomized + nandrolone decanoate for 1 year, beginning 1 year after ovariectomy (OVX + NDdelay; n = 11). Intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate (25 mg every 3 weeks) were given to the two nandrolone-treated groups of animals (OVX + ND and OVX + NDdelay): one starting 3 weeks after ovariectomy and continuing for 2 years and the other group 1 year after ovariectomy. The sham and OVX groups were given an intramuscular injection of sterile vehicle every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Nandrolone treatment was moderately uterotropic in all treated versus ovariectomized animals. Changes induced were an increase in uterine weight, endometrial thickness, and glandular area, and a high incidence of mucometra. Glandular architecture was altered by nandrolone treatment such that glands extended into the myometrium (producing an adenomyosis-like lesion). Mammary gland changes were mild and equivocal. CONCLUSION: Nandrolone induced pathologic changes in ovariectomized monkeys similar to adenomyosis in the uterus.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Cardiovascular toxicities of nandrolone and cocaine in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The outcome of concurrent abuse of cocaine and anabolic steroids is largely unknown and merits investigation. The present study was designed to determine whether an animal model could be developed for investigation of the toxic responses to simultaneous administration of cocaine and an anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate. Twenty-four male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), all 7 weeks of age, were assigned randomly to four groups: (1) control, (2) cocaine, (3) nandrolone, and (4) cocaine plus nandrolone. Metabolic measurements and indirect (tail-cuff) blood pressure and heart rate measurements were performed on all rats every 2 weeks. All drug treatment groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of blood pressure after 6 weeks of treatment when compared to the control group. Cocaine plus nandrolone group exhibited the lowest heart rate compared to other groups. Rats were euthanized at 13 weeks of age, and different tissues were removed, blotted dry, and weighed. The kidney, levator ani muscle, and seminal vesicle (with prostate glands) weights in both nandrolone-receiving groups were higher than those of the control and cocaine groups. Testicular weights of the cocaine plus nandrolone group were less than those of the control and cocaine groups. Hearts were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde before myocardial dimension measurements were performed. The nandrolone group showed increased vertical ventricular diameters when compared to the control and cocaine groups. The nandrolone group also displayed higher vertical ventricular circumferences when compared to all the other groups. Finally, the cocaine plus nandrolone group had the greatest ventricular weights (per 100 g body weight) and left ventricular volumes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of high-intensity exercises on 13C-nandrolone excretion in trained athletes.

OBJECTIVE: Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid widely used in several sports. The numerous nandrolone positive cases in the recent years (International Olympic Committee statistics) led to several studies in the antidoping field. Nevertheless, essential questions pertaining to nandrolone endogenous production, the effects of physical exercise on the excretion of nandrolone metabolites, and contamination from nutritional supplements must still be addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of exhaustive exercises on 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) urinary excretion rates after administration of labeled nandrolone. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 34 healthy male Caucasian volunteers from the Institute of Sports Sciences and Physical Education (University of Lausanne) applied to participate in the study. All subjects were free from any physical drug addiction and were instructed strictly to avoid any nutritional supplement or steroid before and during the study. The participants were randomly dispatched in 2 groups in a double-blind way: a placebo group and a group treated with C-labeled nandrolone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The urinary concentrations of the 2 main nandrolone metabolites, 19-NA and 19-NE, were measured using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In addition, clinical parameters such as creatinine, total protein, and beta2-microglobuline levels were determined using immunologic assays. RESULTS: After an oral ingestion of a 25 mg 3,4-C2-nandrolone dose, followed by a second identical dose 24 hours later, 19-NA and 19-NE could be detected in the urine for a period of 6 days after the initial intake. Despite several interesting observations, the measurements were very scattered and did not appear to be significantly influenced by exercise sessions in the athlete population. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that physical exercise cannot be considered as a reliable parameter that systematically affects nandrolone metabolite concentrations in the urine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Anabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate in patients receiving dialysis: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Patients receiving dialysis commonly experience malnutrition, reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia), and fatigue for which no effective treatment has been identified. Anabolic steroids are known to increase muscle mass and strength in healthy individuals, but their effect on the sarcopenia and fatigue associated with long-term dialysis has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of an anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, on lean body mass (LBM), functional status, and quality of life in dialysis patients. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between April 1996 and July 1997. SETTING: Hospital-based outpatient dialysis unit. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine patients undergoing dialysis for at least 3 months. INTERVENTION: Nandrolone decanoate, 100 mg (n = 14), or placebo (n = 15) by intramuscular injection once a week for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight, LBM, fatigue, grip strength, walking and stair-climbing times, and treadmill performance after 3 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Lean body mass increased significantly in patients given nandrolone compared with patients given placebo (mean change [SD], +4.5 [2.3] kg; P<.001 compared with baseline). This effect was significantly greater than the change in LBM in the placebo group (mean change [SD], +1.9 [1.6] kg; P = .003 compared with baseline; P = .005 compared with nandrolone group). Serum creatinine levels increased in the nandrolone group (+168 [203] mmol/L [1.9 [2.3] mg/dL]; P = .02) but not in the placebo group (-4.0 [177] mmol/L [0.04 [2.0] mg/dL]; P = .95), suggesting an increase in muscle mass. Time to complete the walking and stair-climbing test decreased from 36.5 to 32.7 seconds in the nandrolone group, while those in the placebo group increased from 38.7 to 42.1 seconds (P = .05). Peak oxygen consumption increased in the individuals in the nandrolone group who performed treadmill tests, but not to a statistically significant degree. Grip strength did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with nandrolone for 6 months resulted in a significant increase in LBM associated with functional improvement in patients undergoing dialysis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on bone mass in established osteoporosis.

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 46 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis in order to assess the long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and of the distal third of the radius and on the biochemical markers of bone turnover. The patients received intramuscular injections of placebo or 50 mg nandrolone decanoate every 3 weeks for 18 months. Thirty-two of the initial 46 patients completed 1 year of study and 25 completed the whole study period of 18 months. Overall, vertebral BMD increased by 2.9% in the nandrolone decanoate group and fell by 2.3% in the placebo group. Radial BMD showed a slight but transient improvement, with a subsequent return to basal levels in the nandrolone decanoate group, whereas there was a progressive decrease in the placebo group. Patients treated with nandrolone decanoate also complained less of bone pain. Urinary hydroxyproline decreased significantly in treated patients, whereas osteocalcin tended to increase, but the change was not significant. HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased only slightly and haemoglobin increased significantly in the nandrolone decanoate group. Two patients treated with nandrolone decanoate withdrew from the study because of hirsutism and hoarseness. The results indicate that nandrolone decanoate exerts positive effects on vertebral BMD and on bone pain in patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

Effects of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate on plasma lipids and coronary arteries of female cynomolgus macaques.

In this study, we examined the effect of nandrolone decanoate, and anabolic steroid (AS), on plasma lipid concentrations and coronary arteries of female cynomolgus monkeys fed a moderately atherogenic diet. There were four treatment groups: (1) intact, sham-ovariectomized (n = 12); (2) ovariectomized (OVX) + placebo for 2 years (n = 15); (3) OVX + nandrolone decanoate for 2 years (n = 14); and (4) OVX + nandrolone decanoate beginning 1 year after ovariectomy (n = 11). Serial blood samples were analyzed for total plasma cholesterol (TPC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) plus low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol, and estradiol. All animals were necropsied after 2 years, and the coronary arteries were evaluated. There was no difference in plasma lipid concentrations between groups (P > .05) at any time. Coronary artery atherosclerosis extent (plaque size) was significantly greater in the group administered nandrolone for 2 years compared with the intact sham-operated group (P < .05), but not with the OVX + placebo group. The groups administered nandrolone had significantly larger arteries than the other two groups. Lumen area was significantly larger in the group given nandrolone for 1 year compared with all other groups (P < .05). All artery effects remained after controlling the statistical analysis for body weight. Longer-term treatment with nandrolone resulted in increased plaque size, and therefore, the possible benefit of increased lumen area was compromised. The data also suggest that nandrolone was converted to estradiol, and this conversion also may play a role in the arterial and lipid effects observed.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Influence of the anabolic-androgenic steroid nandrolone on cannabinoid dependence.

The identification of the possible factors that might enhance the risk of developing drug addiction and related motivational disorders is crucial to reduce the prevalence of these problems. Here, we examined in mice whether the exposure to the anabolic-androgenic steroid nandrolone would affect the pharmacological and motivational effects induced by Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa. Mice received nandrolone using pre-exposure (during 14days before THC treatment) or co-administration (1h before each THC injection) procedures. Both nandrolone treatments did not modify the acute antinociceptive, hypothermic and hypolocomotor effects of THC or the development of tolerance after chronic THC administration. Nandrolone pre-exposure blocked THC- and food-induced conditioned place preference and increased the somatic manifestations of THC withdrawal precipitated by the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (SR141617A). The aversive effects of THC were not changed by nandrolone. Furthermore, nandrolone pre-exposure attenuated the anxiolytic-like effects of a low dose of THC without altering the anxiogenic-like effects of a high dose in the lit/dark box, open field and elevated plus-maze. Biochemical experiments showed that chronic nandrolone treatment did not modify CB1 receptor binding and GTP-binding protein activation in the caudate-putamen and cerebellum. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic nandrolone treatment alters behavioural responses related to cannabinoid addictive properties.

Anabolic Agents↗