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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of naphthaleneacetic acid residues in apples.

An ion-suppression reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for determining naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) residues in apples. Samples are extracted with acidic chloroform, filtered through pre-acidified Hy-Flo Supercel, and cleaned up by acid-base partitioning. The extract can be successfully chromatographed on either a muLiChrosorb NH2 or muBondapak C18 column and quantitated by using a variable wavelength ultraviolet detector set at 220 nm. The mobile phase is acetonitrile-water (20 + 80) buffered to pH 3.5 (MULiChrosorb column) or pH 5.2 (MUBondapak column) and flowing at 1.0--2.0 ml/min. Recoveries ranged from 86 to 98%. The minimum detectable amount was 0.5 ng, which easily permitted the quantitation of 0.01 ppm NAA in 50 g sample. A fluorometric detector was 4 times as sensitive, using an excitation wavelength of 220 mm and monitoring the emission at 340 nm. For this detector, the minimum detectable amount was 0.12 ng NAA.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

Antiinflammatory activity of isomeric phenylnaphthaleneacetic acids.

The isomeric phenylnaphthaleneacetic acids were prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity by the anti-UV-erythema method. High potency was exhibited by 4- and 5-phenyl-1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 5- and 6-phenyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid. The results are discussed in terms of a hypothetical receptor site.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Defined conditions for the initiation and growth of cotton callus in vitro. I. Gossypium arboreum.

Defined in vitro conditions for callus initiation by Gossypium arboreum L. were determined, and different tissues were evaluated as explant sources, Environmental conditions tested included light versus dark, and low light versus high light. Different nutrient media as well as carbohydrate sources were examined. Our data show that hypocotyl tissue was superior to cotyledon or leaf tissue as the explant source for callus proliferation; the Murashige-Skoog inorganic formulation with (in mg per 1) 100 myo-inositol, 0.4 thiamine-HCl, 2 indoleacetic acid (IAA), 1 kinetin, and 3% glucose solidifield by agar was the best medium to initiate callus. Cultures with sucrose as a carbohydrate source browned rapidly. Callus proliferation was superior under high light (8000 to 9000 lux) conditions at 20 +/- 1 degree C. Various combinations of auxins and cytokinins were tested for their ability to improve callus proliferation and subsequent growth of subcultures. Although the MS medium containing IAA and kinetin was found superior for obtaining rapid proliferation of callus from hypocotyl explants, a second medium containing 2 mg per 1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 to 1 mg per 1 benzyladenine (BA) was found necessary for vigorous growth of subcultured callus. A MS medium with 5 to 10 mg per 1 N6-[delta2-isopentenyl]-adenine (2ip) and 1 mg per 1 NAA was also favorable for continued subculturing.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1977

The in vitro propagation of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp. hybrids).

A new, rapid technique for the propagation of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp. hybrids) by means of tissue culture is reported. Leaf bases, scapes, peduncles, inner bulb scales and ovaries were cultured successfully in vitro and plantlets were induced readily at various concentrations of growth regulators. Some plantlets also were produced in the absence of growth regulators. The most productive tissues for propagation were inverted scapes and peduncles, cultured in a modified Murashige and Skoog salt solution with added organic constituents and 1 mg per 1 (4.5 micron) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg per 1 (4.4 micrometer) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Plantlets induced axenically also grew roots on the generalized shoot-inducing medium so that no special rooting medium was required. Although friable callus was obtained from ovary tissue cultured on a medium containing 2 mg per 1 (11 micrometer) naphthaleneacetic acid and 4 mg per 1 (18 micrometer) BAP, it produced shoots after 8 weeks of further subculture on the same medium. An average of 10 rooted plantlets was obtained from each scape or peduncle explant on the shoot-propagating medium. Thus, if 45 explants are obtained from each bulb, 450 rudimentary plantlets could be obtained from each mother bulb in 8 weeks of culture. This is a substantial increase over present propagation methods.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed2026

A stable transformation platform in pomegranate uncovers PgMYB10 as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis.

An efficient genetic transformation platform enables functional validation of PgMYB10, identifying it as a master regulator governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in pomegranate. Limited availability of stable genetic transformation systems restricts functional genomics research in pomegranate. Here, we established efficient in vitro regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation systems for 'Taishanhong' pomegranate using stem segment explants. Optimized medium combinations produced high-frequency regeneration: a 93.3% shoot-induction rate on MS medium with 1.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.6 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 30.0 mg/L adenine sulfate (ADS); a proliferation coefficient of 5.4 on MS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/L BAP and 0.3 mg/L indole‑3‑butyric acid (IBA); effective shoot-strengthening on MS medium containing 1.2 mg/L BAP, 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA₃); and a rooting rate of 95.3% on half-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. For transformation, precultured explants were immersed with A. tumefaciens suspension (OD₆₀₀ = 0.8) containing 20.0 mg/L acetosyringone (AS) for 30 min. After four days of dark co-culture, sequential antibiotic screening with 30 mg/L kanamycin and bacteriostatic treatment with 400 mg/L timentin yielded a stable average transformation efficiency of 17.5% in 'Taishanhong' pomegranate. Subsequent functional analysis revealed that overexpression of PgMYB10 induced pigment accumulation in leaves and stems. In three independent transgenic lines, maximum anthocyanin content and PgMYB10 transcript levels were 5.4-fold and 27.2-fold higher than in wild-type plants, respectively. Six anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (PgCHS, PgCHI, PgF3H, PgDFR, PgANS, and PgUFGT) were markedly upregulated, demonstrating that PgMYB10 positively controls anthocyanin biosynthesis. This transformation system provides a reliable technical platform for functional genomic studies in pomegranate, and PgMYB10 represents as a promising candidate gene for molecular breeding aimed at improving fruit pigmentation.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed2026

An effective method for isolation and regeneration of Solanum tuberosum mesophyll protoplasts for transgene-free genome editing.

An effective system for isolating and regenerating protoplasts is crucial for research in genome engineering. This study focused on refining a protocol for the isolation and regeneration of mesophyll protoplasts from the leaves of Solanum tuberosum cv. Kufri Jyoti. Key factors influencing protoplast yield and viability, such as dark pretreatment, pre-plasmolysis, enzyme concentrations, and osmoticum levels, were thoroughly assessed and optimized. The highest protoplast yield and viability were achieved with an enzyme mixture of 1.0% cellulase R-10 and 0.5% macerozyme R-10 after 16 h of incubation. Furthermore, culturing on a Murashige and Skoog-based medium (MSPI) without ammonium nitrate, enriched with an osmoticum concentration of 0.4 M and a carefully adjusted auxin-to-cytokinin ratio, successfully facilitated protoplast division, microcalli proliferation, and minicalli formation. Callus proliferation and shoot induction were accomplished on MS13K medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and zeatin riboside. Root initiation and elongation were promoted on MS basal medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 1 mg/L. The regenerated plantlets were subsequently acclimatized and hardened under controlled greenhouse conditions. This robust protoplast-to-plant protocol serves as a crucial resource for the introduction of ribonucleoprotein complexes into plant cells, facilitating accurate, transgene-free genome editing.

Callus induction↗
PubMed1978

Cytochemical findings in human nonneoplastic blood and tonsillar B and T lymphocytes.

The cytochemical profiles of B and T lymphocytes from the bloods of eight normal donors and the tonsils of three normal individuals were studied. An intense and localized alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (alpha-NAE) activity was found in the majority of blood and tonsillar T lymphcytes, in contrast to the very low alpha-NAE activity observed in the blood and tonsillar B lymphocytes. A very low percentage of tonsillar B lymphocytes had beta-glucuronidase (betaG) activity, while relatively normal betaG activity was observed in the tonsillar T lymphocytes and the blood B and T lymphocytes. Acid phosphatase (AcP) activities were found to be similar in both B and T lymphocytes from blood and tonsils. These findings suggest that the alpha-NAE reaction may be useful as a cytochemical marker for distinguished B from T lymphocytic proliferations. They also revealed that there is no appreciable difference in AcP and betaG activity between B and T lymphocytes obtained from the blood of normal donors.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

The influence of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid on cell and tissue differentiation of bean callus.

Bean callus was induced to form roots (tissue differentiation) and vascular nodules (cell differentiation) by lowering the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in the growth medium. Both types of differentiation were inhibited by the addition of abscisic acid (at concentrations greater than I muM) to induction medium. Initiation of differentiation was inhibited, but its subsequent development was not, and the inhibition was not affected by the addition of gibberellic acid. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA) alone to induction medium stimulated tissue differentiation, although cell differentiation was unaffected (30 muM GA) or inhibited (45 muM GA) and its onset was delayed at both concentrations. Root initiation was also stimulated by gibberellic acid (0.I-45 muM) at an auxin-to-kinin ratio 10 times that normally optimal for cell differentiation. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity of the calluses was closely correlated with the amount of cell differentiation which had occurred, and measurement of this confirmed that gibberellic acid delayed the initiation of cell differentiation. The increase and subsequent decline of PAL and betaI leads to 3 glucan synthetase activities, normally induced by transfer to induction medium, was abolished by abscisic acid. Addition of gibberellic acid did not affect the betaI leads to 3 glucan synthetase activity.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1975

[Cytological and biochemical studies in a case of "di Guglielmo's syndrome"].

Cytochemical, biochemical and disc-elektrophoretical studies are done on a patient with Di Guglielmo-syndrom. Cytochemical tests showed the wellknown results as: activity of acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthylacetatesterase at their typical sites, deposition of PAS- and Turnbull-positive material. Biochemical findings are done on LDH, cholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, G-6-PDH and pyruvatkinase. Abnormal high level of fetal hemoglobin was found only once during the whole observation. There was also an alteration in the isoenzym pattern of the acid phosphatase. The de- or increase at the biochemical examinations, the fact of fetal hemoglobin and the variation at the isoenzymes may be due to the changing in distribution of erythropoetic and granulopoetic cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Cytochemical characteristics of hematopoietic elements in laboratory animals].

Distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatases, L-naph-thylacetateesterase, peroxidase, lipids and glycogen was studied in the blood cells and bone marrow of mongrel albino rats and guinea-pigs by means of cytochemical methods. The intensity of reactions was assessed by Karlow's method. Cytoenzymatic characteristics of the hemopoietic elements and the character of changes in their metabolism during cell differentiation and maturation were ascertained. Quantitative species differences in the content of chemical substances in the blood and bone marrow cells of rats and guinea-pigs were revealed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Experimentally produced hypertension and aortic acid esterase.

The effect of hypertension, which is known to enhance atherosclerosis, on acid esterase activity of rat aortic wall was studied histochemically. The purpose was to test our notion that atherogenesis depends on the balance between supply of lipids to the arterial smooth muscle cells and the lysosomal esterase activities. Hypertension was produced in rats by unilateral nephrectomy and administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate and sodium chloride. The animals reacted with varying degrees of hypertension. In rats with hypertension of a sufficiently high degree and of long duration, inhibition of aortic acid esterase activities occurred. No inhibition of these enzymes occurred in the other organs examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Cytochemistry of leukocytes in childhood. III. Changes of cytochemical reactions in lymphocytes in infections and during immunological reactions].

The present paper gives a report on changes of enzyme reactions, of the glycogen content, and the nucleolus picture in lymphocytes which are based on cytochemical investigations of blood smears taken from 110 children with different diseases. In 20 new-born babies the cytochemical responses of lymphocytes after triple immunization with Di-Pe-Te immunization matter were observed. The findings reveal significant changes to be found predominantly in the activity of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, PAS-reaction and the nucleolus picture of lymphocytes in immunological reactions. No hints for specific immunological functions of lymphocytes could be detected. The changes may refer to B-lymphocytes and to T-lymphocytes.

Acid Phosphatase↗