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Typ-C viruses of bovine enzootic leucosis and other typ-C viruses were demonstrated by negativ staining technique and also the RNA-protein complex respectively the nucleocapsid of helical symmetry in the shape of coral bead. Now the well defined morphology of the typ-C viruses enable to identificate to be used in electron microscopy practice.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the velocity profile of the systolic fraction of the pulmonary venous flow (PVF) in mitral regurgitation (MR). Three velocity profiles were identified in left superior pulmonary vein. Inversion of the systolic fraction of the PVF was specific for angiographic grade 4 MR (specificity 97%, sensitivity 100%). On the other hand, a decrease in this wave is much less specific for mild MR and depends on severe factors such as left atrial pressure, size and ejection fraction and the lack of atrial systole (as in atrial fibrillation or atrioventricular block). Therefore, inversion of PVF has a good positive predictive value for severe MR, but the interpretation of attenuation of this wave should take into consideration not only the MR but also left atrial pressure and compliance.
The study was designed to explore factors related to negativism in autistic children, where negativism was defined as the consistent avoidance of a correct response in a multiple choice discrimination task. A design employed in an earlier study of autistic children (Cowan, Hodinott, & Wright, 1965) was modified to allow a more detailed examination of patterning of the child's responses. A positive relationship was found between use of spoken language and successful performance of the task. However, no child was negativistic. Of the 27 children tested, 18 had a near perfect performance and 9 scored at chance level. A subsequent exact replication of the Cowan et al. method still failed to produce any negativism. A further study using a more difficult discrimination task produced a higher rate of errors but still no negativism. Possible reasons for the failure to replicate are discussed.
In patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis the results of chemotherapy between drug regimens containing ethambutol or rifampicin were compared. Patients in both groups were randomized selected. After 4 months of chemotherapy negativization was reached to 100% in the RMP-group compared to 80% of the patients in the EMB-group. In 98 chronics EMB was added to the chemotherapy regimen and resulted in 90% of negativization. In a small subgroup RMP was added to the regimen and 100% negativization could be obtained. Among 220 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, treated with RMP in 9 hospitals according to our protocoll, in 205 patients (93.2%) the excretion of bacilli was cessated. In 54 new cases treated with EMB and another combination and in 20 new cases treated additionally with RMP the sputum converted to negative in 100% of the patients. But the the negativization was reached 24 days earlier on the average in the group treated with RMP. Antituberculotic drugs are administered in our clinic according to the body weight.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of thyroid autoantibodies titre in a group of 15 patients affected with "Graves' disease" (G. D.) during the treatment with antithyroid drug (ATD) and "high dose intravenous immunoglobulin" (IVIG) for "Graves' ophthalmopathy". Before the starting of treatment thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were positive in 10/15 patients, microsomal antibodies (MAb) were positive in 13/15 patients and TRAb were positive in 5/9 patients. At the end of treatment TgAb titre was decreased or negative in 7/10 patients, MAb titre was decreased or negative in 7/13 patients, TRAb titre was diminished or negativized in 5/5 patients. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) were positive in 3/15 and 3/15 patients before the treatment and in all these we observed a reduction or negativization of circulating titre during IVIG treatment. Anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)m anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and rheumatoid factors were negative in all the patients. Also in the 3 patients not treated with ATD we have observed a reduction or a negativization of circulating thyroid autoantibodies. In conclusion these data suggest that the reduction of thyroid and non organ specific autoantibodies might be due to a stable immunosuppressive action of IVIG treatment in patients with Graves' disease.
Oscillatory measurement of resistance can get more practical relevance including the phase angle (PSI) and the volume dependence. Different findings during deep inspiration in patients with pulmonary emphysema (PSI unchanged) and with pulmonary fibrosis (PSI-Negativation) are known. To explain these findings transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was measured parallel to PSI in 85 subjects. PSI-negativation was found in 31 of 43 patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in 10 of 19 healthy subjects. Patients with pulmonary emphysema have nearly constant or slight positive phase angles. Subjects with negativation of phase angle have significantly higher Ptp-levels at 100% TLC. This high pressure is reached by an in comparison to volume overproportional increase of pressure in the end part of the lung expansion curve. It is proposed to estimate the PSI-V-dependence in ranges from middle level of breathing to 75% of vital capacity VC and from 75% to 100% VC separately. By this modification the qualitative noninvasive assessment of lung compliance could be more efficient. Several findings indicate, that the observed secondary periodic of PSI are dependent from heart rhythm and therefore from intrathoracic blood volume.
In the context of a research programme on the immunology of malaria in the islands of the south-west of the Indian Ocean, seroepidemiological studies by means of sampling surveys have been carried out annually in Mayotte Island (Comoro Archipelago) from 1984 to 1988. Apart from the transient character of the increases in rates in the wake of the epidemic outbreak of 1984, the evolution of the antibody geometric mean reciprocal titre (GMRT) by age reveals a negativation of population at large, fast only in the younger age-group. At such a high level of negativation, the GMRT does not lend itself to interpretation. In the older age-groups the negativation becomes so slow as to render a yearly periodicity too short to show differences. The correlation between GMRT and age that persisted over the five-year period suggests that the evolution of the rates according to age follows a predetermined model. The epidemiological interpretation of purely serological data, except for a general indication of the trend, is however difficult, specially in an archipelago where the levels of malaria transmission are not the same in the different islands, but where inter-island migration is quite important.
The functional results of total hip prosthesis are influenced significantly by the tension given to the glutaeus medium muscle at operation. Low tension may result in a limp (positive Trendelenburg sign), high tension may decrease movement. In 206 cases of total hip replacement the Trendelenburg sign (grades from 0-3), the movement (in grades 0-4) and a grade of extension (distance or prosthetic femoral head and plastic acetabulum in cm at maximal extension after resection of the capsule) have been evaluated. In 191 hip joints not operated before the Trendelenburg sign was negativ before operation in only 31%, after operation it was negativ in 73%. The evaluation of the partial correlation coefficient showed a definite relation between Trendelenburg sign and the grade of extension. The higher the extensibility of the hip joint the more pronounced the Trendelenburg sign. In 71% of 191 cases the movement was increased after total hip replacement. With increased extensibility, the movement becomes better. However it is also related to the movement before operation. The optimal muscular tension and movement of the hip joint can be expected at an extension grade of 1.5-2.0 cm (distance between the prosthetic femoral head and the plastic acetabulum at maximal extension during operation).
The effectiveness of oral administration of an antibacterial alone was compared with that of intravenous administration of an antibiotic in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). In group A (23 patients), surgery was carried out by administering 200 mg of ofloxacin (OFLX) alone, during the day before surgery and in the morning of the day of surgery and three times a day from the morning after surgery for two days, making the total dose 1,800 mg, and total period of administration 3 days. In group B (22 patients), 1 g of Cefotetan (CTT) was intravenously infused twice a day for 3 days from the operative day, making the total dose 6 g. The patients in both groups were given no other antibacterials or antibiotics. The maximum body temperature was recorded for post-operative 2 weeks. Negativization of bacteria by bacterial culture in the urine and disappearance of the pyria, were followed up on an outpatient bases. The mean maximum body temperature up to post-operative week 2 was 37.1 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 37.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C in groups A and B, respectively. The mean number of days required until negativization of bacteria in the urine was 41.5 +/- 38.9 days and 43.3 +/- 24.9 days in groups A and B, respectively. The mean number of days required until disappearance of the pyuria was 76.5 +/- 23.0 days and 68.2 +/- 17.9 days in groups A and B, respectively. No significant differences were noted by Student's t-test between groups A and B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An assessment is carried out of the results obtained in the Constantza County after over 2 years of application of the "3 + 6" regimens (INH + RMP and INH + SM + EMB) in a group of 119 patients with initially bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. The standard regimens applied were not replaced with other regimens. The dynamics of negativation in cultures confirmed that over 50% of the patients had become negative after the first month of treatment. For practical purposes negativation was completed before 3 months in all the cases. The only two failures were recorded in the first three months after the treatment was ended. No re-positivation was noted in the second year of the follow-up. A stable resolution was achieved in 98% of the patients.
In newly discovered patients with cavitary forms of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment with rifampicin, in association with other drugs, leads to recovery (negativation) in 69,6 percent of the patients in 3 months, in 92 per cent after 6 months and in 94,6 percent after 9 months of treatment. Closure of cavities is found in 23,4 percent, 64,5 percent and 76,6 percent of all patients at the corresponding time intervals. Comparisons of the various regimens of chemotherapy which include rifampicin showed that the maximal efficiency was obtained with rifampicin, ioniazid and a third drug (either etambutol or protionamide). The time intervals for the disappearence of bacilli and for the closure of cavities depend to a great extent on the degree of development of the pathological process, on the type of the lesions and the intensity of bacilli elimination at the start of the treatment. The use of rifampicin in new patients, in association with other drugs, leads to a rapid negativation, a shortening of the time necessary for the closure of cavities, especially in patients in whom the disappearence of the bacilli from the sputum occurs in the first three months.
Ninety-four patients with typhoid fever were treated, at random, with three therapeutic regimens: chloramphenicol alone, chloramphenicol plus oxyphenbutazone, and ampicillin plus oxyphenbutazone. The results are evaluated analyzing the body temperature graph and by serial blood had bone marrow cultures taken at intervals until they became negative. Bacteriologic diagnosis was confirmed by blood culture (39.3%) and/or bone marrow culture (77%). The mean duration of fever was 3.3 days for the group treated with chloramphenicol-oxyphenbutazone, 4.3 for those with chloramphenicol alone and 5 days for the group ampicillin-oxyphenbutazone; at the same time, blood cultures became negative at 4.4, 5.5 and 4.4 days respectively. Negativization of bone marrow cultures was not influenced by the addition of oxyphenbutazone. It is concluded that the influence of oxyphenbutazone in shortening the febrile period or in the negativization of blood cultures is not significant. It is considered that oxyphenbutazone is not an important therapeutic tool in this group of diseases.
We studied 55 patients admitted during 14 months to two inpatient psychiatric units of a municipal hospital who exhibited one or more of the catatonic signs of mutism, stereotypy, posturing, catalepsy, automatic obedience, negativism, echolalia/echopraxia, or stupor. Only four of the 55 patients satisfied our research criteria for schizophrenia, whereas over two thirds had diagnosable affective disorders, usually mania. The eight catatonic motor signs were nonspecific and homogeneously distributed among the various research diagnostic groups, with the number and type of individual signs unrelated to short-term treatment outcome. A favorable treatment response was shown for the entire catatonic sample, with two thirds markedly improved or in remission at the time of discharge. These findings are consistent with those of other investigators of the catatonic syndrome for the past 100 years.
A comparative study, using 5 antifungal drugs for the treatment of an experimental model of murine cryptococcosis, was carried out. One hundred and eighty Balb C mice, divided in 18 groups of 10 animals each, were intraperitoneally inoculated with 10(7) cells of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. Twelve groups were treated with different schedules beginning 5 days after inoculation, for 2 or 4 weeks. The treatments were the following: amphotericin B (6 mg/kg/every other day, intraperitoneally); 5-fluorocytosine (300 mg/kg/day, by gavage); amphotericin B (6 mg/kg/every other day, intraperitoneally) in association with 5-fluorocytosine (300 mg/kg/day, by gavage); fluconazole, itraconazole and Sch 39.304 (all at the daily dose of 16 mg/kg, by gavage). The six remaining groups were used as controls and received the solvent for the drugs. The evaluation of the efficacy of the different treatments was based on: survival time; macroscopy of brain, lungs, liver and spleen at autopsies; presence of encapsulated yeasts in microscopic examination of wet preparations of these organs; and cultures of a concentrated suspension of brain and lungs. In the animals treated for 2 weeks, the combination of amphotericin B + 5-fluorocytosine was the most useful; it negativized the micro and macroscopic findings as well as 90% of the cultures, and prolonged the survival time up to 60 days. Sixty per cent of the mice which received amphotericin B exhibited the same survival time and macroscopic findings as those treated with the association of amphotericin B + 5-fluorocytosine. Among the azolic compounds, Sch 39.304 proved to be the most effective in the prolongation of survival time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical and X-ray examinations for hip dysplasias in 500 babies in one ward showed 40% wrongly positive and 5.6% wrongly negativ (silent or masked) results, control of which necessiates roentgenograms in the second or third month or coltrolled spreading immediately after birth.
Campbell and Fiske's (1959) multitrait-multimethod matrix was applied to data from two independent social learning measures designed to evaluate procedures used to aid aggressive children. Six parallel or like-named variables--noncomplying, crying, whining, negativism, destructiveness, and yelling--from both a home observation assessment system and a parent telephone data system were used. The data from 47 cases indicated that the categories of whining, crying, and destructiveness demonstrated significant convergent validity, but only whining demonstrated discriminant validity. The situation-specific versus cross-situational consistency aspects of the behaviors studied, and the implications for future research, were discussed.
Too frequently during the post-allocation evaluation of clinical areas, some student psychiatric nurses displayed varying degrees of negativism towards or lack of involvement with the clinical area. The design of a classroom exercise 'Changes' was an attempt to overcome these undesirable features. The exercise was an adaptation of the Delphi technique and involved the student nurses in identifying changes that they would wish to make if returning to the clinical areas. Some simple manipulation of the ideas generated allowed a group consensus to be achieved. On closer inspection an additional interesting aspect of the suggestions was the large proportion of desirable changes that could be achieved with no financial implications. Alternatively changes in attitudes or work practices were implicated. Having achieved the original intention and moreover, generated suggestions for potential improvements it was decided to retain and repeat the exercise with future groups of student nurses. A similar pattern was obtained. Finally, the results were presented to representatives of the clinical areas and the technique along with facilitation time, offered to and accepted by ward managers as a means of quickly identifying ward team priorities, and generating ideas for improving their areas.