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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Tumor cells in intraoperative pleural lavage. An indicator for the poor prognosis of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Fifty-nine patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 21 patients with nonneoplastic lung diseases underwent intraoperative pleural lavage with 300-ml physiologic saline before (Lavage I) and after resection (Lavage II). The presence of tumor cells in the lavage fluid was established cytologically in 29 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Twenty-seven had positive findings in Lavage I and 23 of these also in Lavage II. Two patients had positive findings in Lavage II only. All controls were negative. In all 40% of patients with Stage I bronchogenic carcinoma had positive lavage results. The cumulative two-year survival rate of this group is 40%, which differs significantly (P less than 0.01) from the 97% survival rate of the patients with the same tumor stage whose lavage findings were negative. Detection of tumor cells in pleural cavity washings before resection proves that tumor cells have spread into the pleural cavity. Cytologic examination of an intraoperative pleural lavage should be done when assessing the tumor stage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Transurethral resection of the prostate and metastatic prostate cancer.

Demonstration of malignant cells in blood specimens collected during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has implicated TURP in the dissemination of prostatic cancer. Of 153 patients who underwent radiation therapy for prostate cancer between January 1977 and June 1990 and were retrospectively analyzed, 93 were evaluable. Fifty-nine patients required TURP before radiation therapy for prostatic obstruction (BPH and/or cancer); the remaining 34 patients underwent radiation therapy after fine-needle aspiration biopsy. No statistically significant difference in failure rate could be detected between these groups, with a failure rate of 47% (28 of 59 patients) at a median follow-up time of 49 months (range, 8 to 146 months) in the TURP group versus a failure rate of 47% (16 of 34 patients) at a median follow-up time of 50 months (range, 3 to 122 months) in the group who underwent biopsy only (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.23). Within the confines of this retrospective study, it appeared that TURP did not enhance the development of metastatic disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incisional or excisional neck-node biopsy before definitive radiotherapy, alone or followed by neck dissection.

An analysis of 508 patients (660 heminecks) with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and clinically positive neck nodes who were treated with radiotherapy alone to the primary lesion (with or without a neck dissection) was conducted to determine if open neck-node biopsy before definitive treatment adversely affected the probability of control of neck disease, the risk of distant metastasis, or the cause-specific survival rate. The prognostic factors analyzed included biopsy status of the neck, N stage, neck treatment, node mobility, node location, T stage, primary site, and control of disease above the clavicles. Sixty-six patients who had undergone an open neck-node biopsy before definitive radiotherapy were compared with a control group of 442 patients who did not undergo a neck-node biopsy; no detrimental effect of the biopsy on neck control, distant metastasis, or cause-specific survival was demonstrated. We conclude that the potential adverse effect of violating the neck before definitive treatment cannot be demonstrated if radiotherapy is the next step in the patient's management.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Autotransplantation of colonic tumors into the colonic wall of the rat.

Colonic tumors were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by weekly subcutaneous injections of 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) for 4 months. The animals were thereafter laparotomized and a palpable tumor was transplanted into the same animal in a tumor-free area of the transverse colon. Autotransplanted tumors were considered those tumors growing in the wall of the transverse colon, covered by intact colonic mucosa. The frequency of autotransplanted tumors was 34%. The possibility that autotransplantation may also occur in humans by accident, during procedures to remove a colorectal adenocarcinoma, is discussed.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1992

Extraneural metastases in ependymoma.

Ependymomas, glial neoplasms usually arising in the posterior fossa or spinal cord, rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system. We have reviewed all 81 ependymomas evaluated at MSKCC between 1956-1989. Five (6.2%) had extraneural metastases (ENM). The primary tumor was in spinal cord in 3 patients and the cerebral hemisphere in 2. Two tumors were histologically anaplastic; 3 were histologically benign. The 5 patients were 3, 3, 3.5, 16 and 37 years old. Time from initial diagnosis to development of ENM was 0, 15, 35, 40, and 288 months. At the time of ENM the primary tumor was progressing in 4/5 patients. Prior therapy had included resection plus radiation therapy (RT) (1), RT plus chemotherapy (1), resection plus RT plus chemotherapy (2). One patient had not received prior therapy because ENM were present at diagnosis. The sites of ENM included lung and thoracic lymph nodes (2), pleura and peritoneum (2), and liver (1). Both patients with peritoneal ENM had had ventriculoperitoneal shunts. ENM did not correlate with histologic grade, age, or degree of surgical resection. When patients with ependymoma develop signs or symptoms of systemic disease such as abdominal pain, cough, or adenopathy, ENM should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intraoperative spillage of tumor cells in surgery for rectal cancer.

Inadvertent perforation or incision into rectal carcinoma during surgery may lead to massive dissemination of tumor cells in the operative area. It was observed in 8.7 percent of 1360 radical resections for cure. In time, the incidence could be reduced from 11.0 to 5.2 percent. Intraoperative spillage of tumor cells influences the incidence of local recurrence. In the last period (1982 to 1985) in cases of spillage of tumor cells, local recurrence was seen in 39 percent as opposed to 12.9 percent in perforation or incision of the tumor. Intraoperative tumor-cell spillage has a negative effect on survival rates, reducing the relative five-year survival rate after resection for cure from 70 to 44 percent. It should be recorded in the surgical and pathologic reports and considered in the analysis of treatment results and in selection of patients for adjuvant radiotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Bone marrow autotransplantation.

Bone marrow autotransplantation involves the administration of very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both, followed by infusion of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. This treatment was used in the past as a salvage therapy for patients with end-stage cancers. Occasional cures in patients with chemotherapy-responsive malignancies encouraged oncologists to utilize this treatment earlier when a better result might be achieved. This has led to a substantial number of long-term disease-free survivors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukemia, and neuroblastoma. Studies are currently ongoing in the treatment of breast cancer, multiple myeloma, testicular cancer, and ovarian cancer. Important areas for future investigation include the identification of optimal criteria for patient selection and timing of the therapy, the need for infusion of hematopoietic stem cells as cloned hematopoietic growth factors become available, the identification of the most effective high-dose regimens, and the need for "purging" tumor cells from the marrow before re-infusion. Successfully addressing these issues will increasingly require large comparative trials.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Rewiew of ovarian cancer at the University of Texas Systems Cancer Center, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute.

The records of 2,115 patients with ovarian cancer who were treated at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas, during the 30 year period from 1944 to 1973 were reviewed. Ninety percent of the patients had an epithelial cancer of the ovary. The important prognostic factors include stage and grade of tumor and the presence or absence of ascites. Probably the most important prognostic factor, however, was the size of the largest tumor mass that remained after initial surgery. The patient's age and socioeconomic level were also influencing factors in the survival rate in this series of patients. Most of the patients had advanced disease when first examined and received some type of adjunctive postoperative treatment. The survival of patients who received postoperative irradiation, when compared by stage and size of the largest residual tumor mass, was improved over those who received chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tumour implantation to a temporalis muscle flap donor site.

A rare case of tumour implantation to the donor site of a temporalis muscle flap is described. This flap was used for intra-oral reconstruction following resection of a squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar fossa. This surprisingly uncommon complication of ablative cancer surgery should largely be preventable by strict adherence to well established surgical principles.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

The clinical significance of unconventional orchiectomy approaches in testicular cancer: a report from the Testicular Cancer Intergroup Study.

Despite the clear indications for an inguinal approach, reports indicate that up to 53 per cent of all testicular tumors are diagnosed or initially treated in a manner inconsistent with the classical radical orchiectomy. Of 462 evaluable patients from the Testicular Cancer Intergroup Study 47 (10.2 per cent) had undergone a nonclassical orchiectomy as the initial surgical management. This group was analyzed separately to determine the prognostic significance of needle aspiration, open biopsy, a scrotal approach and tumor contamination. Within this group of patients, those who received no adjuvant chemotherapy exhibited no increase in local or distant recurrence. While the recurrence rate similarly was not adversely affected by even gross tumor contamination, this subset underwent significantly more aggressive local surgical salvage (p less than 0.01), with scrotectomy procedures found to be of probable therapeutic value. While not to be condoned, we conclude that deviations from the classical orchiectomy, when followed by appropriate surgical management and close observation, can be of little clinical impact.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in men having cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Charcteristics of urethral transitional cell carcinoma in patients who have undergone cystectomy for bladder cancer have been reviewed. The retained urethra was the site of urothelial malignancy in 7 per cent of 348 patients who underwent cystectomy alone. Urethras removed during prophylactic cystourethrectomy in 110 patients showed unsuspected carcinoma in situ and marked atypic in 12.5 per cent. Patients with urethral cancer were at greater risk for meatal and upper tract tumors, a reflection of multicentric tumor neogenesis, and at greater risk for perineal tumors and inguinal metastases, a reflection of direct invasion. Cytology is advocated for examining the retained urethra. However, urethrectomy to include a fossa navicularis and glandular meatus at the time of cystectomy seems justified as a definitive means of guarding against the often asymptomatic and potentially lethal urethral occurrences of transitional cell carcinoma. Furthermore, incontinuity removal of the bladder and urethra more nearly satisfies the requirements for cancer surgery by avoiding transection of a tumor containing viscus.

Carcinoma in Situ↗