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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Complement receptors in human peripheral nerve tissue.

Cryostat sections of human peripheral nerve tissue adsorbed sheep erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and human complement (EAC). Activated complement was essential for the reaction to occur. The receptor had specificity for the C3b fragment. In order to obrain binding to nerve tissue, the indicator cells had to be coated with more complement than that required for binding to C3b receptors in spleen and renal tissue. The receptors are located within the nerve fascicles and are probably of glycoprotein nature. The receptors for C3b in peripheral nerve tissus may be of significance in the deposition of immune complexes, which may play a role in acute polyradiculoneuritis.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1992

Characteristic distribution of glycolipids in gadoid fish nerve tissues and its bearing on phylogeny.

Glycolipids were isolated from nerve tissues of gadoid fishes including Alaskan pollack and Pacific cod. Their chemical structures were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their constituents were analyzed in detail and compared with those of glycolipids from other fish groups. The results revealed that gadoid fish nerve membranes contain peculiar glycolipid molecular species that are distinctly different from those in other teleostean fishes and higher vertebrates. The mole percentage ratio of the four major glycolipids (cerebroside-sulfatide-galactosylglyceride-sulfogalactosylglyce ride) was 48:12:25:15, indicating profound accumulation of glycoglycerolipids. Galactosylglyceride and sulfogalactosylglyceride were primarily of the diacyl type (greater than 90%), the major fatty acids being 16:0 and 18:1. An abundance of glucocerebroside (25 to 55% of cerebroside) and its fatty acid ester (37 to 47% of ester cerebroside) was noted. Cerebroside and sulfatide were characterized by the absence of hydroxy and odd numbered fatty acids, and 24:1 acid was a predominant component of both glucocerebroside and galactocerebroside. Subcellular fractionation revealed that myelin membranes comprised such unusual glycolipid constituents as those seen in whole nerve tissues. A vertebrate whose nerve membranes consist of such peculiar glycolipid molecules has not previously been reported. The characteristics of the glycolipid composition in gadoid fishes are discussed in relation to myelin functions, physicochemical properties of nerve membranes, and the phylogenic significance of this fish group.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Alanine formation and alanine aminotransferase activity in the nerve tissue with proliferating macroglia.

In the nerve tissue with proliferating macroglia cells were observed a lowered oxygen consumption, an increased aerobic glycolysis and alanine formation and a higher alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity than in the control tissue in the homogenates and in the cell sap fraction. The substrate saturation curves, apparent Km and pH optimum values in the tissue with proliferating macroglia and in the control did not differ from one another. The authors assume that a higher alanine aminotransferase activity in the tissue with macroglia proliferation can reflect either a higher synthesis of the enzyme in the altered tissue, or a predominance of glial elements in the altered tissue possessing a higher alanine aminotransferase activity than the nerve cells.

Alanine↗
PubMed1978

Guillain-Barré syndrome: demonstration of antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue.

Sera from 30 patients with acute Guillain-Barré syndrome were tested for the presence of antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue using the antiglobulin consumption test. An increased binding of IgG was observed in 15 out of 30 sera and in these sera F(ab')2 fragments prepared from IgG retained the capacity to combine with peripheral nerve tissue, suggesting an antigen-antibody interaction. The specificity for peripheral nerve tissue was demonstrated by absorption experiments. F(ab')2 fragments prepared from IgG of normal sera, however, failed to react with the tissue, suggesting a non-specific binding through the Fc part of the molecule. In sera from patients fully recovered from the Guillain-Barré syndrome and from patients with other neuropathies, no increased binding of IgG was observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Lipids from nerve tissues of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus.

1. The predominant lipids of nerve cords, ganglion and brain from horseshoe crabs were cholesterol (11% of lipid) and phospholipid (81% of lipid). 2. Major phospholipids were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline with lesser amounts of phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol and sphingomyelin. 3. The phospholipid fraction was characterized by a high content of plasmalogen, i.e. alk-1-enyl acyl phosphatides, so that 42% of the ethanolamine phosphatides were the plasmalogen, phosphatidal ethanolamine. 4. Phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were high in polyunsaturation with 20:4 and 20:5 major fatty acids. Sphingomyelin had predominantly long chain saturated fatty acids. 5. Cerebrosides and gangliosides, which are associated with vertebrate nerve tissues, were absent from nerves of horseshoe crabs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Heterogeneity of protein metabolism and activities of certain enzymes in functionally different structures of nerve tissue].

The article deals with a review of the results of studies conducted at the department which evidence for inhomogeneity of localization, composition and different intensity of intravital renewal of proteins as well as for different activity of some enzymes most important for the nervous system functions in the macro- and microstructural formation of the nerve tissue. On the basis of the experimental data concerning the presence in the nerve tissue of a wide range of rates for intravital renewal of proteins in the structures of different functions as well as of those concerning subcellular and suborganoid localization of intracellular peptid-hydrolases, a conclusion is drawn that catabolism of the protein molecules occurs mainly on the cell membrane structures. The effect of acid peptide-hydrolases is chiefly manifested in the died and damaged cells and neutral ones in the intact functioning cells. As among the proteins most important functionally for the nervous activity ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes occupy a special place, the article provides basic data of studies in the ATPase activity in the nervous tissue, intracellular localization of the enzyme, its sensitivity to uni- and bivalent ions, as well as in the mechanism of interaction with ouabain--specific inhibitor and with melipramine--neurotropic substance.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

Correlated appearance of ossification and nerve tissue in human fetal jaws.

The factors initiating the onset of desmal jaw formation are not known. The purpose of the present report was to examine the correlation between the appearance of ossification and nerve tissue in human fetal jaws. This was done through elaboration of similarities in occurrence of tissue types at four different sites of initial bone formation in the jaws. Radiological and histochemical methods applied to the jaws of 26 human embryos/fetuses revealed that nerve tissue appeared in the jaws before bone tissue. Early bone formation occurred in close relation to the mandibular nerve, the maxillary nerve, the palatine nerve, and the naso-palatine nerve. It is suggested that the foramina (mental foramen, infraorbital foramen, palatal foramen, and incisive foramen) are the areas of incipient bone formation, and that the sequence in bone formation corresponds to the sequence in the development of nerve fibers from the trigeminal ganglion.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1978

[Use of a histological fixative for extraction of the RNA precursor pool from mollusk nerve tissue].

The incorporation of 3H-uridine into the nucleotide pool of the molluscan nerve tissue was calculated in a routine fixative solution (formalin--alcohol--acetic acid, 9:3:1). The optimal conditions for the precursor output from the tissue being studied, the results obtained well compare with those obtained by common biochemical techniques. Our method gives a possibility to use the same sample of tissue for historadiographical investigation of labeled RNA and for cytochemical determination of nuclear acid amounts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prostaglandin E1 raises the cAMP content of peripheral nerve tissue.

Prostaglandins of the E type have been found to increase the cAMP content in peripheral nerve tissue of several species. In rabbit vagus nerve, for example, the effect is rapid (1--5 min), it can be elicited by 10(-6) M PGE1 and it is maximal at 10(-5) M. In this preparation the increase of the cAMP content caused by PGE1 is about 4-fold, whereas it is about 2-fold in the vagus of calf. PGE1 also causes an increase in cAMP level in the superior cervical ganglion of calf, rat and rabbit. In these tissues, however, the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor is required for cAMP accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of the penetration of a root canal filling material into the mandibular canal. 2. Changes in the alveolar nerve tissue.

The root canal filling material "Vitapex" (Neo Dental Chemical Products Co., Tokyo), made of calcium hydroxide and iodoform with the addition of silicone oil, was experimentally injected into the mandibular canals of dogs, and its effect on the alveolar nerve tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. No change was observed as long as the injected paste did not come into direct contact with the nerve, but tissue damage was found at sites of direct contact. After removal of degenerated nerve debris by macrophages and Schwann cells, the persisting external membranes or "Schwann tubes" appeared to provide a scaffolding for axonal regeneration and Schwann cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Methods for the freeze-fracturing of nerve tissue cultures and cell monolayers.

Two methods for freeze-cleaving of thin tissue layers are presented. Whereas a simple technique can be employed to fracture continuous, relatively firm tissue layers, a more sophisticated technique employing special carriers is needed to fracture very thin and incomplete layers, e.g., the fiber outgrowth of cultured nerve tissue or sparsely seeded isolated cells. Both methods basically consist of freezing the specimens sandwiched between two small metal carriers which are then fractured apart so that the cleavage plane runs through the tissue. In the resulting replicas of such thin specimens, large membrane areas are exposed, and new information is provided on the topography of membrane properties in entire cells or cell processes. The technique should also be useful for studies on the interactions of cells grown in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ca2+ and cyclic AMP regulate phosphorylation of same two membrane-associated proteins specific to nerve tissue.

It was shown previously that addition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) to a synaptic membrane fraction incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP stimulated the phosphorylation of two proteins, designated proteins Ia and Ib, found only in nerve tissue. Addition of Ca2+ plus veratridine to synaptosomes preincubated with 32Pi stimulated the phosphorylation of two proteins with similar apparent molecular weights. Various techniques have now been used to determine whether the two proteins phosphorylated in synaptosomes in the presence of Ca2+ plus veratridine are the same as proteins Ia and Ib phosphorylated in synaptic membranes in the presence of cAMP. The proteins phosphorylated by the two procedures were extracted under similar conditions, had similar apparent molecular weights and charges, and were digested by collagenase at similar rates and to the same radioactive intermediates and end products. Furthermore, the two sets of proteins were digested by three other proteolytic enzymes to phosphopeptides with similar molecular weights. The results indicate that Ca2+ and cAMP are each capable of regulating the phosphorylation of proteins Ia and Ib.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Functional enhancement of intrastriatal dopamine-containing grafts by the co-transplantation of sciatic nerve tissue in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.

Peripheral nerve "bridges" demonstrate the ability to facilitate axonal growth and regenerate adult and fetal central nervous system tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine if co-grafted peripheral nerve tissue could enhance the ability of fetal dopamine (DA) cell transplants to reinnervate host striatum that had been denervated unilaterally. Male Fisher-344 rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine to eliminate the nigrostriatal DA pathway. A total of 31 rats demonstrated a pattern of rotation indicative of a greater than 98% depletion in DA. Rats were kept as nongrafted controls (n = 6), grafted with sciatic nerve (PN) minces (n = 6), grafted with fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM; n = 10), or co-grafted with VM and PN minces (n = 9). All groups were then tested for changes in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior. The PN control group showed no significant differences in rotation when compared to pregrafting levels and to the lesioned nongrafted group. Both the VM-grafted group and the VM-PN co-grafted group showed significant (P less than 0.01, one-way ANOVA) decreases in rotations beginning at 1.5 weeks postgrafting. There was a progressive decrease in rotations up to 12 weeks, the last test point examined. Interestingly, the co-graft group revealed a significantly greater decrease in rotation (P less than 0.05) than the VM group beginning at 5 weeks and continuing out to the 12-week test point. Histological and immunocytochemical studies showed good survival of both PN and VM grafts. The augmented recovery could not be accounted for by increased DA cell survival or host brain DA reinnervation in the co-graft group. Taken together, these findings suggest that PN tissue enhances the ability of fetal VM grafts to reinnervate host brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Isolation of carotenoid-containing subcellular structures from mollusk nerve tissue].

A subcellular fraction with a high share of carotenoids (about 150 mkg/mg of protein) was obtained from the nerve tissue of Lymnaea stagnalis, the fractionation being made by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The quantity of carotenoids extracted from fractions was estimated spectrophotometrically. The electron microscope observations demonstrated the presence of structures analogous to fraction components in the mollusc neurones and similar to some kinds of plant chromplasts (carotenoidplasts).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of ATP on protein synthesis in cultured nerve tissue of the edible snail].

External ATP in concentrations of 10(-6)--10(-3) M is shown to stimulate the label incorporation from intracellular labeled pool of 14C-leucine into proteins of mollusc nervous tissue. The maximum effect (by 45% higher than in control) is observed at the 10(-5) ATP concentration. In solutions with high concentration of bivalent ions, ATP action increases by 10--15%. Being incubated for an hour in physiological solutions without energic substrates nervous tissue loses 30--50% of labeled amino acids. Outwashing of 14C-leucine depends only a little on the bivalent ion concentration in the external solution and on the presence of helating agents. Addition of 10(-4) M ATP into the solution, completely inhibits the washing of amino acids out of tissue. At low bivalent ion concentrations 14C-leucine incorporation into nervous tissue in the presence of ATP changes inversely to the ATP concentration: low ATP concentrations (10(-5)--10(-6) M) activate label incorporation by 60--40%, whereas high concentrations lead to the corresponding inhibition. This inhibition is due to helating action of ATP.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1977

The reaction of nerve tissue to various suture materials: a study in rabbits.

Adult, male white New Zealand rabbits were used to compare two new synthetic suture materials, polyglycolic acid (Dexon) and polypropylene (Prolene), with wire, plain catgut, and silk. The purpose of the study was simply to determine the reaction of nerve tissue to each of the five different materials. No attempt was made to measure functional results. The nerves were examined grossly and microscopically in an effort to evaluate which suture incited the least host reaction. Although no difference was noted in the initial cellular response, Prolene was shown to incite the least fibrolastic response. Silk evoked the most marked fibroblastic response.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural features of epithelioid cell granuloma induced by intradermal injection of xenogeneic nerve tissue.

Epithelioid cell granulomas were induced in rabbits previously sensitised with human sensory peripheral nerve extract by skin testing with homogenate of sural nerve. Ultrastructurally some of the cells contained in their cytoplasm abundant and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with a moderately dense product while the cytoplasm of other cells contained numerous membrane-bound vesicles. These cells show all the ultrastructural characteristics of epithelioid cells found in human granulomatous disease and in human states of granulomatous hypersensitivity. Thus we have developed an animal model which supports the concept of granulomatous hypersensitivity as a distinct entity in humans to be differentiated from foreign body and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. The model may also prove important in elucidating the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in non-lepromatous leprosy and other granulomatous disease and in defining the nature of the products of epithelioid cells.

Animals↗