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Results for “Neurocognitive Psychometric Diagnostics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Personalized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (PrTMS®) Coupled with Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) For Co-Occurring Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

This study provides further evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of PrTMS® treatment in co-occurring disorders. Furthermore, this study illustrates the benefit of augmenting PrTMS® with tPBM for superior outcomes. The positive results of this novel case study can be attributed to brain wave neuromodulation and increased neuronal ATP production, resulting in synergistic enhanced neuroplasticity and brain optimization. Further, large-scale, randomized and blinded studies are recommended to validate our promising preliminary observations utilizing multifaceted interventions for co-occurring disorders.

Co-Occurring Disorders↗
PubMed1999

Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: proposed standards for clinical practice and research.

Over the past 10 years, widespread and concerted research efforts have led to increasingly sophisticated and efficient methods and instruments for detecting exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive dysfunction. Despite these psychometric advances, the process of diagnosing malingering remains difficult and largely idiosyncratic. This article presents a proposed set of diagnostic criteria that define psychometric, behavioral, and collateral data indicative of possible, probable, and definite malingering of cognitive dysfunction, for use in clinical practice and for defining populations for clinical research. Relevant literature is reviewed, and limitations and benefits of the proposed criteria are discussed.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parameters of emotional processing in neuropsychiatric disorders: conceptual issues and a battery of tests.

Components of emotional processing were examined in psychiatric and neurological populations: communication channel (face/voice), processing mode (expression/perception), and emotional valence (positive/negative). These were assessed with an experimental affect battery which was administered to schizophrenic, unipolar depressive, right-brain-damaged, Parkinson's disease, and normal control right-handed adults. For expression, subjects were taped while producing facial and vocal emotional expressions. Judges rated the expressions for accuracy and intensity. For perception, subjects were asked to identify and discriminate facial and vocal emotions. Using correlational techniques, relationships between facial and vocal channels and between expressive and perceptual modes were explored. The test battery has good psychometric properties and discriminates among diagnostic groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative and qualitative interpretation of neuropsychological data in the assessment of temporal lobectomy candidates.

Neuropsychologists who serve as members of an epilepsy surgery team are often asked to provide information regarding localized cerebral dysfunction that may relate to the seizure focus in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the rate at which neuropsychological (NP) assessment results correspond with the side of seizure focus (i.e., left vs. right) in TLE patients is unknown. The majority of literature in this area has focused on the ability of single NP tests to detect lateralized cognitive dysfunction in groups of TLE patients, with mixed findings and few consistent replications. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the rate at which qualitative clinician interpretations of NP profiles agree with seizure lateralization as determined by a multidisciplinary surgery team in temporal lobectomy candidates. Quantitative analyses of single NP test scores and groups of test scores (i.e., cognitive domain composite scores) were also conducted to examine their effectiveness in discriminating left from right TLE groups. Only four of the 19 NP test variables and three of the nine composite cognitive domain scores significantly differed between the groups. However, clinician interpretation of NP profiles agreed with the surgery conference team's determination of seizure laterality in two-thirds of cases. These findings suggest that qualitative aspects of NP performance play an important role in identifying lateralized cerebral dysfunction in TLE patients, and provide additional support for the use of NP assessment results in the selection of temporal lobectomy candidates.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparing diagnostic validity of the TAT and a new picture projective test.

Diagnostic validity of the TAT and a new picture projective test, the PPT, were compared for normal, depressed, and psychotic subjects. Generally, the PPT elicited more positive emotional tone, more activity, and fewer thematic deviations than the TAT. The PPT and TAT were essentially equal in the capacity to discriminate between stories of normal and depressed subjects; however, the PPT was superior in differentiating psychotics from normals and depressives. On the PPT, depressives told stories with gloomier emotional tone and psychotics made more perceptual distortions, thematic and interpretive deviations. None of these differences were apparent on the TAT. The PPT pictures seem to have more diagnostic validity than the TAT stimuli.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Test-retest stability and practice effects of the RBANS in a community dwelling elderly sample.

Repeated neuropsychological assessments are common with older adults, and the determination of true neurocognitive change is important for diagnostic assessment. Several statistical formulas are available to assist in this determination, but they rely on access to test-retest stability coefficients and practice effect values. The current study presents data on these psychometric properties of the RBANS in a large community dwelling elderly sample. Across a one-year retest interval, stability coefficients ranged from .58 to .83 for the Index scores, and from .51 to .83 for the subtest scores. Practice effects were largely absent, with most performances slightly decreasing at retest. These psychometric properties are contrasted with those reported in the RBANS manual, and possible reasons for these differences are discussed. A case example is provided that demonstrates the use of the current findings in conjunction with existing change formulas.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[The diagnostic value of computer-assisted psychometric procedures].

Some test procedures of the computer assisted instrumentation system COMBITEST 2 were examined in order to evaluate the strength of diagnostical differentiation. For this purpose tests for evaluating the concentration capacity and the psychomotor performance, especially tapping, were used in a sample of 92 neurological patients (60 patients with and 32 without cerebral impairment). It became evident, that performance differentiations between patients with cerebral impairment and others are predominantly characterized by speed parameters (reaction time, duration of test), scarcely by parameters of accuracy (number of errors). Configuration - frequency - analyses emphasize deceleration of psychic/psychomotoric speed as diagnostic indicator in cerebral impaired patients: the best pattern was the "configuration" of reduced speed in concentration test and in tapping.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1993

Routine psychiatric examinations guided by ICD-10 diagnostic checklists (International Diagnostic Checklists).

A systematic assessment of psychiatric diagnoses according to the new classification system ICD-10 can be guided and enhanced by the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL). This instrument was developed and evaluated primarily for use in routine clinical care. It consists of 30 separate lists in pocket form, each assigned to a specific disorder and allowing immediate and operationalized diagnostic decisions (without the need of computer assistance). Personality disorders are covered by a separate 12-page booklet (IDCL-P). Examples of the checklists are given together with possible areas of application. First studies have indicated good clinical practicability and satisfactory to excellent diagnostic reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnostic value of the Meyer-Probst Encephalopathy Questionnaire].

Clinical tests on 117 children with behavioural disturbances showed that the Meyer- Probst encephalopathy questionnaire can be used to distinguish between encephalopathic and nonencephalopathic children. It is thus a valuable addition to the diagnostic methods in clinical use and is also a useful instrument for progress checks.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1985

The Cognitive Deficit subscale of the SCL-90-R and prediction of outcome in first episode schizophrenics.

This study examined the relationship between the Cognitive Deficit scale and psychiatric outcome in a sample of 31 first episode schizophrenics. These patients initially were evaluated during their inpatient hospitalization and thereafter assessed for psychiatric symptomatology at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. At the end of 12 months, 51.6% of the sample were in remission, and 48.4% either remained in their psychotic episode during the follow-up period or relapsed. However, the two Cognitive Deficit scores obtained at baseline showed no relationship with subsequent outcome of psychiatric illness. It is suggested that this scale may not be sensitive enough to be used as a diagnostic tool with this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Disorder as harmful dysfunction: a conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM-III-R) operationally defines disorder essentially as "statistically unexpectable distress or disability." This definition is an attempt to operationalize 2 basic principles: that a disorder is harmful and that a disorder is a dysfunction (i.e., an inability of some internal mechanism to perform its natural function). However, the definition fails to capture the idea of "dysfunction" and so fails to validly distinguish disorders from nondisorders, leading to invalidities in many of DSM-III-R's specific diagnostic criteria. These problems with validity are traced to DSM-III-R's strategies for increasing reliability.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Neuropsychological testing: evolution and emerging trends.

Neuropsychological (NP) test batteries have evolved as an amalgam of intelligence tests, various individual measures of "biological" cognition, and sensory and motor testing. The early emphasis of NP testing was to identify "organicity" and central nervous system lesion localization. More recent approaches have emphasized the profiling of performance across individual neurocognitive domains (eg, attention, memory, and language) to facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the field is still hampered by the use of many tests that are antiquated, excessively long, or of dubious psychometric quality. Some of these problems may have contributed to the current under-utilization of NP testing in diagnostic workups of neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews some of the recent changes in the field that hold promise for substantially shortening assessments, improving diagnostic reliability, and making NP testing more cost-effective and practical.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Procedural validity of an abbreviated version of the SADS/RDC diagnostic process.

Formal diagnostic systems such as the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and standardized diagnostic interviews such as the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) have enhanced clinical psychiatric research over the past decade. Because of the cost and time factors, however, they are not routinely used in most clinical settings. The availability of reliable alternatives compatible with clinical practice would encourage more psychiatrists to engage in clinical research. This study describes the nature and procedural validity of two such alternatives based on the RDC. Acceptably accurate, less costly research diagnostic processes can be incorporated into clinically oriented short-term acute inpatient units.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2002

The Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children (CPNI). Preliminary psychometric characteristics.

This study describes the preliminary psychometric characteristics of a new parent-as-respondent assessment tool, the Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory for Children (CPNI). The CPNI contains 200 items answered on a 4-point Likert-type scale. The CPNI has a three-fold purpose: (a) to assess the 12 personality disorders according to the criteria on Axis II and Appendix B of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (b) to assess neuropsychological dysfunction, including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, executive function deficits, and other related symptoms; and (c) to measure some Axis I diagnoses including Separation Anxiety Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, depression, and general anxiety, as well as other clinical syndromes. The scale reliabilities and test-retest reliabilities were moderate to high, and construct validity was good, which supports further research with the inventory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Neuropsychology and psychopathology: a progress report.

This paper summarizes and discusses the contributions of neuropsychological assessment to various forms of psychopathology. Emphasis is placed upon studies done with the Halstead-Reitan battery and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, but studies done with other neuropsychological test procedures are also reviewed. The conclusions reached are that neuropsychological tests are sensitive to functional regional brain disorganization in psychopathology, and that they are useful in the diagnostic process for a number of disorders including schizophrenia, psychopathy, mood disorders, and other psychiatric conditions.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1991

Sensory integration and learning disabilities: Ayres' factor analyses reappraised.

Between 1965 and 1987 Ayres published eight papers that contain among them 10 multivariate analyses that bear upon her conception of sensory integration. These analyses purport to have identified factors that emerge from the scores of children with learning disabilities but not from the scores of academically nondisabled children. A reappraisal of these analyses in combination finds no support for this claim. As a consequence, these data provide no validity for either the diagnostic procedures or the remedial programs for children with learning disabilities that have been derived from this work.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) in the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms.

Positive and negative a priori symptom scales were operationalized with the BPRS and the NOSIE. Acutely and consecutively admitted psychiatric patients (N = 247) were rated with these scales. Research questions dealt with the psychometric properties of the scales. It was found that the positive symptom scales had sufficient internal consistency; the negative scales did not. Diagnostic groups could be distinguished better with the positive symptom (PS) than with the negative symptom (NS) scales. The outcome of this research suggests that the positive and negative symptoms distinction is less meaningful in cross-sectional research, in which acute patients are rated, than in longitudinal research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗