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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Neuroscience in Yugoslavia.

This survey is a personal account of the present status of neuroscience in Yugoslavia within the context of recent upheavals in Eastern Europe. The current situation in Yugoslavia, characterized by the absence of a Federal Ministry of Science and a poor scientific communication between federal states (republics), does not allow a comprehensive overview of neuroscience at the federal level. Even more difficult is to envisage the prospects of Yugoslav neuroscience in the light of European integration. Several problems serve to illustrate the present situation concerning Yugoslav neuroscience. First, the weakness of the self-organization of science in Yugoslavia during the past 20 years is still the most important denominator in the current trend of neuroscience. Second, different Yugoslav republics have significantly different systems of science funding and evaluation, which reflect very plainly different levels of democratic (and socioeconomic) changes that were attained during 1990. Third, due to the different numbers of trained scientists, facilities and equipment, funds and levels of international scientific cooperation there are major differences between republics in the tempo of progress towards real achievements in science. Finally, the present explosive development of neuroscience and the proclamation of the 'Decade of the Brain' will hopefully stimulate Yugoslav neuroscientists to seek better programmes of neuroscience research and to improve the extent and quality of international cooperation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An analysis of trends in neuroscience nursing research: 1960-1988.

This study examined trends in neuroscience nursing research from 1960 to 1988. The review was an extension of a study analyzing trends in cardiovascular nursing from 1960 to 1985. Four questions (similar to those developed by Yarcheski regarding elements essential to development of a scientific base) framed the present analysis of neuroscience nursing research studies. The sampling frame for the study consisted of four journals: Nursing Research, 1960-1988; Western Journal of Nursing Research, 1979-1988; Research in Nursing and Health, 1978-1988; Journal of Neurosurgical Nursing, 1969-1985; and Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 1986-1988. These journals were canvassed for studies meeting specified criteria as neuroscience nursing research studies. A total of 71 studies meeting the stated criteria were included in the final sample and reviewed in a systematic manner to identify such characteristics as variables measured, type of approach to theory development, type of research design, number and type of subjects, data analysis procedures, interpretation and conclusions of the study. Findings of the study indicate there has been a substantial increase in the number of neuroscience studies conducted and reported by nurses and an increase in the number of principal authors with advanced degrees. The orientation of studies has shifted from chronic care or rehabilitation to acute care research. An absence of studies about prevention of head and spinal cord injury was noted. Although a trend toward the theory-then-research approach was detected, the research-then-theory approach has been and continues to be the primary strategy for the development of a body of scientific knowledge. It is possible that clinical nurses are using research more frequently to solve problems. Finally, the scientific methods employed in this group of studies have become more complex and varied over time.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

The use of general systems theory as metatheory for developing and evaluating theories in the neurosciences.

The general designations of neural systems and their levels of organization as presently applied in the neurosciences are described as being at variance with rigorous systems thinking. It is proposed that the rule-driven use of systems terminology and hierarchies would facilitate investigations of neural functioning in the natural case. General systems theory with its major propositions for hierarchical organization, open systems, and equifinality, is presented as providing the guidelines for developing systems-type theories for neuroscience investigations. General systems theory as metatheory is also used to evaluate hierarchies and systems designations in the neurosciences as these concepts are now applied in theories, models, and research. The metatheory is comprised of three sets of rules: the criteria for hierarchies; the properties of the open biological system; the criteria for the final conditions of open biological systems. The notion of the discovery of neural systems is contrasted with the apparent design of systems as frequently practiced by neuroscientists. The metatheory is summarized as directions for developing theories and as questions directed toward any neuroscience theory proposing levels of organization and systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The impact of the NINCDS on the neurosciences: an essay written for the centennial of the NIH.

This essay, written as a contribution to the June 1987 participation by the NINCDS in the celebration of the centennial of the NIH (dated from the founding of the Hygienic Laboratory at Staten Island in 1887), discusses the impact of the NINDB/NINCDS on the neurosciences. Contrasts are drawn with the status of basic and clinical neurosciences in the late 19th century and prior to 1950, when the NINDB was established. This impact has involved its role as advocate and focal point for the support of research and research training in the neurosciences; the training of research and academic personnel and the funding of research projects, both significant factors in the postwar proliferation of methods and technologies; and the catalyzing of the steady progress in scientific knowledge, as reflected in examples from various facets of the programs of the neurological institute, in a continuum from the very basic and fundamental to the very clinical and pathological neurosciences.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1991

The neurosciences and neurosurgery.

Enhancing the time-honored bonds between the neurosciences and neurosurgery is essential. The basic neurosciences are the foundation upon which fundamental scientific training and clinical research depend. Together these form the resource essential to improving the public health. Both now face severe restraints in the support systems available to them, limited degrees of reciprocity, and uncertain human resources. It is critical that the neurosurgical and neuroscience communities renew and enhance their joint commitment and trust so that both can more effectively work together to secure resources appropriate to maintaining the cutting edge on behalf of the public health.

Cost Allocation↗
PubMed1986

Managing the transition to a neuroscience unit.

Converting a general medical-surgical unit to a 35-bed neuroscience unit can be both a stressful and a rewarding experience. During a six-month period, from February to September 1983, the authors were involved in transition to a stand-alone neuroscience unit. This article attempts to share their experience with professional nurses who are contemplating or involved in a similar unit change. The article focuses on: 1) a discussion of administrative/management responsibilities; 2) the development of neuroscience educational programs; and 3) program assessment and recommendations.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

A neurosciences internship and graduate nurse role conception.

Registered nurse (RN) turnover is a severe problem many hospitals face in today's health care climate. A study was conducted of a graduate nurse (GN) neurosciences internship established in a large metropolitan teaching hospital located in southwestern Tennessee to determine the internship's effect upon role conception of GNs. Thirty-two GNs enrolled in the internship comprised the experimental group, and 22 GNs in traditional orientation were the control group. Data collection instruments consisted of Corwin's Role Conception tool and a demographic questionnaire designed to examine variables that could influence professional role conception. Both instruments were completed at the beginning of employment, and Corwin's Role Conception repeated after completion of the first six months of practice. At this time audiotaped interviews were conducted by a nurse counselor to collect qualitative data from ten randomly selected informants from each group. Results revealed no significant differences in the two groups regarding changes in role conception as measured by Corwin's instrument. Audiotaped interviews brought to light many concerns of new GNs with regard to inadequate staffing, the charge nurse role, coping with the stress of the professional nurse role and new attitudes toward the field of the neurosciences. Implications for nurse administrators include the need to: be aware of the stresses to which new GNs are exposed; examine traditional practices such as the charge nurse role and staffing patterns; determine whether nursing internships, such as the neurosciences internship can improve the attitudes of GNs toward their specialty.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Neuroscience and psychiatry: marriage or coexistence?

Psychiatry, which has experienced the influence of many thrusts in its history, is currently experiencing the impact of neuroscience. Clinicians view the impact with excitement and with apprehension. The author reviews examples of the excitement of scientific developments related to psychiatry. He traces the coexisting evolution of a more differentiated clinical psychiatry and deals with questions of reconciling neuroscience and behavioral approaches. The author's contention is that neuroscience will strengthen psychiatry and that biological and psychological integration will thus be enhanced.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Understanding implicit memory. A cognitive neuroscience approach.

Dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have attracted considerable attention in recent memory research. A central issue concerns whether such dissociations require the postulation of separate memory systems or are best understood in terms of different processes operating within a single system. This article presents a cognitive neuroscience approach to implicit memory in general and the systems-processes debate in particular, which draws on evidence from research with brain-damaged patients, neuroimaging techniques, and nonhuman primates. The article illustrates how a cognitive neuroscience orientation can help to supply a basis for postulating memory systems, can provide useful constraints for processing views, and can encourage the use of research strategies that the author refers to as cross-domain hypothesis testing and cross-domain hypothesis generation, respectively. The cognitive neuroscience orientation suggests a complementary role for multiple systems and processing approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Policymaking, politics, and the neuroscience nurse.

To fulfill social contracts to those suffering from neurological disease or trauma and to thrive as professionals, neuroscience nurses must enter the political arena. To do so requires an understanding of policy, politics, and policymaking in our society. Social changes affecting neuroscience nursing, including increases in the aged and in minority populations and changes in state and local health care policies are discussed. Ways for neuroscience nurses to become politically active are presented.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1991

Neuroscience in Poland.

Earlier this year I tried to locate and count the scientists who may possibly want to join the Polish Neuroscience Society. A first rough estimate indicated about 200-250 scientists, including graduate students, who do research on the nervous system. It seemed worthwhile to attempt to highlight their work so that Polish neuroscience might share in the impetus coming from the historical changes sweeping across Europe.

Forecasting↗