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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Neuroticism, extraversion and slow brain potentials.

Peak amplitude and area under the curve of average vertex slow potentials recorded during the foreperiod of a reaction time task were found to discriminate between high- and low-neuroticism subjects, defined according to the Eysenck Personality Inventory. High-neuroticism subjects developed smaller peak amplitude, greater area and longer reaction times, presenting a high extinction rate when the imperative stimulus was omitted. Differences between extraverts and introverts were found within the low-neuroticism group and for area values, extraverts exhibiting larger area. A significant interaction effect of extraversion and neuroticism on slow-potential parameters was evidenced. Results are interpreted in terms of heightened arousal and disrupted focused attention in high-neuroticism subjects. Although evolutionary indexes of slow potentials could differentiate between extraverts and introverts, further work using inhibition indicators is needed to further clarify the differences between them. The data reported also suggest that different aspects of overt behavior would be associated diversely with slow-potential parameters.

Arousal↗
PubMed1979

Neuroticism and the effect of stress on the pupillary light reflex.

The pupillary light reflex was recorded under control, stress and fatigue conditions for 30 subjects equally divided into groups low, moderate, and high in Neuroticism. The effects of stress were distinguished by a decrease in both latency and extent of pupillary constriction during the initial light stimulation trials, as well as by a greater magnitude of redilation. Latency to maximum constriction and extent of constriction and redilation progressively decreased during the fatigue condition. No differences between Neuroticism groups were observed although it was noted that Neuroticism was negatively correlated with magnitude of redilation during the post-stress condition.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Rorschach hostility content and its relation to anxiety, neuroticism and P-E-N measures.

Assessed the relationships between Rorschach hostility scores and anxiety, neuroticism, overt/covert hostility, intelligence, and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 200 (100 male, 100 female) Indian undergraduates aged 15 to 20 years. There were some indications that high hostility scores on the Rorschach tended to be worldly wise, covertly hostile, independent, stubborn, and poor fakers. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations showed six interpretable factors: Anxiety, Neuroticism, Body measures. Hostility, Psychoticism and Tender-minded, respectively. Further, it was concluded that Eysenck's Psychoticism is factorially a complex measure and that projective and direct verbal measures of hostility seem to be measuring dissimilar constructs. A few hypotheses for independent verification were proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Genetic and environmental components of inconsistency and unrepeatability in twins' responses to a neuroticism questionnaire.

Responses of twins to an 11-item neuroticism scale extracted from questionnaires administered on two widely separated occasions were subjected to a genetic analysis. The results confirm earlier findings concerning the genetic determination of neuroticism and reveal that there is a genetic component in the inconsistency of the test measured by the interaction of subjects and test items. Variation within subjects over the 2-year period between tests was due purely to environmental factors specific to individuals. When a genetic model was fitted to the raw mean squares, there was no evidence that genetic variation was other than additive and no indication of an environmental component common to members of the same family.

Female↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of mobility of inhibition to rate of inhibitory growth and measures of flexibility, extraversion, and neuroticism.

Measures of mobility of inhibition, and of internal, reactive and transmarginal inhibition, and inhibitory strength, which are claimed to index independent nervous system properties and personality dimensions, were obtained from a sample of 30 male undergraduates, and correlated with measures of sensorimotor, perceptual, and thinking flexibility, extraversion, and neuroticism. Results of a principal components analysis indicated that thinking flexibility and mobility of inhibition reflect speed of development of reactive inhibition, and the sensorimotor and perceptual flexibility are dependent on rate of growth of internal and transmarginal inhibition, respectively. Introverted Ss showed greater sensorimotor flexibility, but were less mobile, while Ss low on neuroticism were more flexible in perceptual tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fluctuations in national levels of neuroticism and extraversion, 1935-1970.

National levels of neuroticism and extraversion in 18 advanced Western nations are measured at intervals from 1935 to 1970. It is shown that levels of neuroticism rose significantly in the nations that suffered military defeat and occupation in the Second World War and then declined during the 1950s to prewar levels. National levels of extraversion have been generally rising over this period.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Neuroticism and dreaming sleep: a case for interactionism in personality research.

The value of a trait approach to sleep and dreaming characteristics is evaluated by reviewing recent research on differential patterns and interactions manifest by high and low neuroticism subjects. Differential patterning of dream content and REM sleep characteristics under positive and negative presleep conditions suggest a qualitative difference in experience and behavior, and a quantitative difference in "importance" attributable to the dreaming sleep process. It is hypothesized that, under "normal" conditions, low neuroticism individuals make more exclusive use of the dreaming period, while under "artificial" conditions, they demonstrate a greater motivation to compensate for restricted REM by intensification of the REM process (shortened REM onset latencies, greater REM rebound, intensified dream experiences). Finally, it is suggested that theories of dreaming sleep should recognize the importance of traits, as well as situational factors to the psychology of dreaming sleep.

Affect↗
PubMed1977

Neuroticism and proxemic behavior.

The relationship between proxemic behavior and neuroticism was examined. 50 male and 43 female subjects individually self-selected seats in a classroom where they were administered the Eysenck Personality Inventory by one of four experimenters (two male, two female). A significant relationship was found between proxemic distance and both neuroticism and experimenter's sex.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Field dependence and extraversion neuroticism on an inpatient psychiatric service.

Compared relationship between field dependence (FD) and the scales of Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E) using paraprofessionals (N = 22), professionals (N = 42) and psychiatric inpatients (N = 35) to elucidate the high FD found among the psychiatric inpatients. Recent evidence contradicts Witkins' (1965) early view that as a group, psychiatric inpatients would show psychopathology at the extremes of the FD continuum. The N scale was chosen because it taps a narrow behavior band, the individual's vulnerability to break down under stress. The major hypothesis that FD and N would be functionally related was based on previous empirical findings (Cattell, 1955) and Seligman's (1975) theory of "learned helplessness." Similarly, it was expected that age and sex (i.e., being female) were related functionally to FD. The latter hypotheses were supported. The hypothesis that the profiles of inpatients, professionals and paraprofessionals would throw more light on the high FD found among inpatients was not supported. The relationship between FD and N was discussed in terms of Seligman's (1975) concept of learned helplessness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Interaction effects of extraversion and neuroticism on detection thresholds.

Detection thresholds for electrocutaneous stimulation were measured in young male subjects by two different methods - a method of limits and a forced-choice method - the latter assumed to be less influenced by decision processes. Relations between the threshold measures and scores in the EPI extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) scales were studied. High N-low E ("unstable introvert") subjects had the lowest thresholds. The result is in line with the predictions made on the basis of Eysenck's personality theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Extraversion, neuroticism, and date of birth: a Southern hemisphere study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether variations in Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) scoring among zodiacal birth groups follow a similar pattern for Ss born in the Southern hemisphere to that which has been reported for Northern hemisphere Ss. EPI and birth data were obtained from 450 adult Ss, of whom 338 were New Zealand born. Results for Extraversion significantly matched British findings (p less than .01). Results for Neuroticism were ambiguous. It is concluded that seasonal and climatic influences are unlikely to explain the Extraversion differences between birth groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Psychosexual personality traits, fixation and neuroticism.

Three tests of oral and anal psychosexual personality traits, OOQ, OPQ and ai3Q, together with the EPI were administered to 128 subjects, to test the hypothesis that psychosexual fixation was related to neuroticism. This hypothesis was supported by the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Extraversion, neuroticism and different aspects of self-reported aggression.

Sixty-two male, and 57 female university students were administered tests of extraversion, neuroticism and aggression. Different forms of aggression were found to have different personality correlates, and the correlation matrices of the male and female samples were largely dissimilar. The direction of sex differences in subtest scores seemed to depend on the type of aggression measured. Socioeconomic class was not significantly related to any of the aggression scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Personality pattern of patients with chronic gastric ulcer. Study of neuroticism and extroversion in a gastric ulcer and a control population.

Forty-four patients with chronic gastric ulcer were compared with a control group matched for age, sex, and place of residence. The personality pattern was studied by the Eysenck Personality Inventory and personality assessed in terms of neuroticism and extroversion. The relevance of social class was also studied. The gastric ulcer population did not differ from the control group except among the male population, in which the gastric ulcer population was significantly more neurotic and less extroverted than their controls.

Adult↗