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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Evaluation of insecticide smears for the control of screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, in Papua New Guinea.

Three new insecticide smear preparations for the control of Chrysomya bezziana larvae infesting wounds of cattle have been tested under field and laboratory conditions and compared with an established preparation EQ 335 which is based on 3% lindane. Two preparations based on 3% coumaphos proved comparable to EQ 335 in the field trials and exhibited more prolonged residual effectiveness in laboratory tests. A smear preparation based on 2.5% methoxychlor was only effective in controlling 1 and 2 day-old larvae in wounds and was generally inferior to other smears tested in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Haemoglobinometry in Papua New Guinea.

In 1978, doctors in Papua New Guinea were questioned about their practice of haemoglobinometry. Forty one doctors carried out blood haemoblobin measurements themselves, 26 used the Sahli method, 26 used a photoelectric absorptiometer method and 9 used the AO/Spencer haemometer. Thirty doctors had no occasion to ever need a haemoglobin estimation and 58 referred blood elsewhere, mostly to a hospital laboratory. The relative advantages of the methods presently available in Papua New Guinea are discussed and the value of quality control emphasized.

Hemoglobinometry↗
PubMed1979

Cancer in Papua New Guinea.

Among the Melanesian population of Papua New Guinea, cancer of the oral cavity associated with betel nut chewing is the most commonly reported. Liver cancer is also common and is closely associated with chronic hepatitis-B infection. Burkitt's lymphoma occurs along coastal areas with a high rainfall and intense malaria transmission. The descriptive epidemiology of other cancers in Papua New Guinea is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An evaluation of malaria fluorescent antibody patterns in several remote island populations of the New Hebrides, Solomons, Western Carolines, and New Guinea.

From a representative sampling of several remote populations living on the Banks and Torres Islands (New Hebrides), the Eastern and Southern Districts of the Solomon Islands, the Western Caroline Islands (U.S. Pacific Trust Territory), West New Guinea (Indonesia), and Papua New Guinea, 752 sera were examined for fluorescent antibodies to the four species of human malaria, and the results were compared to already published parasite survey data based on blood smears and medical examinations. Antibody prevalence data confirmed the presence of significant endemic malaria among most of the visited islands in the New Hebrides, and a variable but smaller amount of malaria in the Solomons. On those islands known to be free of malarial vectors, data were compatible with importation of self-limited infection by travelling residents. Malarial infection occurred in from 40% to 100% of the New Guinea villages that were visited, and was entirely absent from the Western Caroline Islands. The actual proportions of malarial species in endemic areas were not accurately reflected by relative antibody titer levels to the different species, possibly due to unpredictably high heterologous antibody reacitons following multiple mixed infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Arthropod-borne virus infections in Western New Guinea (Irian Jaya): a serological retrospection.

A serological investigation, covering many localities throughout Western New Guinea (Irian Jaya) in 1958-1961 showed that: A general endemicity of arbovirus infections rather than sporadic epidemics, exists in the southern lowlands--large differences exist in geographical distribution of these viruses especially when comparing coastal areas of the southern, with those of the northern and north western parts of the island--in both arbovirus groups noticeable differences in altitude were observed corresponding with the epidemiology of malaria in Irian Jaya--in one locality there was a specific virus prevalence, notably Sindbis virus, within a group--historical and serological evidence suggests that antibody detected to Dengue 2 virus, merely in adult humans, in the coastal area was due to exposure before migration from Indonesia to New Guinea--comparable results were archieved with similar surveys by other workers in Papuan New Guinea and Northern Queensland.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of trichomoniasis in two ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea.

Different population groups in Papua New Guinea were examined for infestation with Trichomonas vaginalis. Melanesian women (44.6%) were more likely to be infected than Caucasian women (14.2%). Similarly, Melanesian men (10.9%) had a higher prevalence of infection than Caucasian men (0%). Among the women, infection with T. vaginalis was also correlated with increasing age, parity, and place of residence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Initiation in Papua New Guinea: psychohygienic and ethnopsychiatric aspects.

Initiation ceremonials in traditional Papua New Guinea and North American Indian cultures serve important psychohygienic functions in establishing the youth's final identity and thereby warding off the frustration, anxiety, and depression which are associated with anomie and role confusion. Inititations in Papua New Guinea are presented as a process of social learning in which group consciousness and loyalty are established through revelation of ancestral secrets, testing by ordeals, and ego-stregthening rewards. Structually patterned archetypal collective symbols gain direct access to the young person's unconscious when skillfully transmitted in the initiatory psychodrama of death and rebirth. Medical complications occuring during initiation procedures are rare accidents which have to be weighed against the psychological and social benefits for individual and group. Initiation ceremonials help the young to achieve a sense of sexual and socio-cultural identity from which feelings of emotional security and social belonging are derived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Solanum torvum as a causative agent of enzootic calcinosis in Papua, New Guinea.

Inclusion of dried powdered leaves of Solanum torvum Swartz (collected in Papua, New Guinea) in the diet of rats induced hypercalcaemai rapidly and hyperphosphataemia more slowly; soft tissue calcification was most evident in the kidney and lung. Solanum torvum may be a causative agent of enzootic calcinosis in cattle in Papua, New Guinea.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Variations in the lung size of children in Papua New Guinea: genetic and environmental factors.

In Papua New Guinea, rural village children of both sexes living in the highlands (1500--2000 m) were found to have mean values of forced vital capacity 27 per cent greater than children at sea level. Urban children with an apparently lower level of habitual activity had a lung size similar to that of rural children living at the same altitude. In a number of healthy children of coastal parents reared in the highlands and of highland parents reared on the coast, the size of the lung was, in general, appropriate for the altitude rather than for the parentage. These findings suggest that the highland--coastal difference is probably environmental rather than genetic in origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Serum thyroglobulin in inhabitants of an endemic goiter region of New Guinea.

Serum thyroglobulin Tg(RIA) was studied in 161 residents of the Nomane region of New Guinea. The incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (ATA) and antimicrosomal antibodies (anti-M) was also studied to assess the role of autoimmunity in goitrogenesis. ATA were detected in only 4 sera; these sera were excluded from the study since ATA interfere in the Tg radioimmunoassay. Anti-M antibodies were undetectable in all of 105 subjects whose sera were analyzed. Mean (+/-se) serum Tg(RIA) in the 84 nongoitrous (NG) subjects was 163.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, whereas that in 77 goitrous (G) subjects was 208.1 +/- 19.8 ng/ml; both values were much higher (P is less than 0.001) than that (5.1 +/- 0.49 ng/ml) in normal Californian subjects. The mean serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the NG group (12.1 +/- 2.1 muU/ml) was not statistically different from that in the G group (10.1 +/- 1.5 muU/ml). Serum Tg(RIA) correlated positively with log TSH (r equals 0.38 P is less than 0.001). Intrigued by the finding of goiters in some residents of an endemic goiter region and its absence in other residents exposed to the same environmental factors, we evaluated the possibility that the thyroid glands of subjects who develop goiters may be inherently more responsive to any given level of TSH than those of the inhabitants without goiters. However, the slope of the correlation between serum Tg(RIA) and log TSH was only slightly (0.1 is less than P is greater than .05) higher in G than in the NG group. These studies suggested that factors other than thyroidal responsiveness to TSH must also be important in goiterogenesis of endemic goiter regions. We conclude that 1) serum thyroglobulin is a sensitive parameter of chronic as well as acute thyroidal stimulation; 2) Thyroid autoimmunity and increased thyroidal response to TSH do not explain goiterogenesis in New Guinea and attention should be focused on other possibilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An entomological survey on the mosquitoes of Wuvulu Island, Papua-New Guinea.

An entomological survey in Wuvulu Island, Papua New Guinea, in August 1975 and 1976 shows the presence of six mosquito species: Aedes (S.) hebrideus, AE. (F.) notoscriptus, AE. (V.) lineatus, ? Ae. (L.) dasyorrhus, Culex pipiens fatigans and Armigeres breinli. The medical significance of these mosquitoes is discussed, with special reference to the problem of dengue virus transmission.

Aedes↗
PubMed1979

Status of granuloma inguinale in Papua New Guinea.

Granuloma inguinale has been endemic in Papua New Guinea for at least eighty years and recently appears to be increasing, particularly in the urban centres. Most patients were found to be recent migrants to the Port Moresby area with low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. The disease was found more frequently in males. A possible association between carcinoma of the penis and granuloma inguinale was observed. Lesions were chronic, progressive and located mainly in the genital region. Attempts to culture the causative agent were unsuccessful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Chronic lung disease in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.

In the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea 46 men and 24 women with chronic lung disease underwent clinical and lung function investigations. In all cases the sole or predominant abnormality was irreversible airways obstruction, probably from chronic bronchitis with variable amounts of acompanying emphysema. There were close similarities to chronic obstructife lung disease in European populations in terms of symptoms, airways obstruction, transfer factor, and radiographic emphysema and inflammatory changes. Bronchiectasis and local fibrosis were present in a few subjects, but previous reports that pulmonary and pleural fibrosis are features of the disease were not confirmed. Possibly environmental and genetic factors may increase the associated blood gas disturbances leading to pulmonary hypertension. Unlike chronic obstructive lung disease in European populations, tobacco smoking is not an important aetiological factor. Although there is no direct evidence, the most likely possibilities are domestic wood smoke and acute chest infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hepatitis B infections in expatriate doctors in Papua New Guinea.

The frequency of hepatitis B infection in European doctors and non-medical expatriates working in Papua New Guinea has been investigated. There was a higher rate of clinical hepatitis in doctors as compared with non-medical personnel and serological evidence suggested that most of the infections were hepatitis B. Subclinical infections with hepatitis B in doctors were also common, and the frequency of hepatitis B antibody increased with length of stay in Papua New Guinea. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Papua New Guinea.

The typical patient with diabetes mellitus seen at major hospitals in Papua New Guinea between 1974 and 1977 had florid symptoms, a very high blood glucose, was non-obese and non-ketotic and, frequently had neuropathy and proteinuria. In 25% hypertension was present which was significantly more common in the presence of proteinuria. Diagnosis was often delayed by failure to test urine for glucose and treatment was usually ineffective so that coma, usually non-ketotic, severe infections and gangrene occurred frequently. Although not as common as in other South Pacific countries, diabetes is increasing in Papua New Guinea. The provision of simple adequate facilities to test urine for glucose in all hospitals and the establishment of diabetic out-patient clinics in major centres to instruct both patients and other health workers are essential to improve treatment and reduce mortality and morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Associations between polymorphic variety and anthropometric and biochemical variation in two New Guinea populations.

During International Biological Programme studies in Papua New Guinea, on Karkar Island and at Lufa in the Eastern Highlands, information on anthropometric, biochemical and genetic characteristics was collected from the same individuals. Use has been made of this special situation to investigate whether any associations exist between genetic markers and anthropometric and biochemical variation. Those found, and which satisfy criteria established to help in distinguishing real from chance associations, include: P with haemoglobin concentration and serum albumin and cholesterol levels; acid phosphatase with serum albumin level and haemoglobin concentration; anhaptoglobinaemia and serum globulin level; haemoglobin J-Tongariki with serum phosphorus level. The associations are discussed in terms of their arising from the direct result of environmental factors modifying gene expression, chance concordance of environmental and genetic variation, or pleiotropy.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Genetic studies in the Markham Valley, northeastern Papua New Guinea: gamma globulin (Gm and Inv), group specific component (Gc) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) typing.

Genetic studies in the Markham Valley, northeastern Papua New Guinea; Gamma globulin (Gm and Inv), group specific component (Gc) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) typing. M. S. Schanfield, Eugene Giles and H. Gershowitz, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. Immunoglobulin allotyping was carried out on 680 serum samples from inhabitants of the Markham Valley, Papua New Guinea (seven villages speaking the same Melanesian [PAP] speaking village). Family and population data verified the presence of Gm-ag, G-ab and Gm-afb among the MN speakers and Gm-ag, Gm-axg, Gm-ab and Gm-afb among the PAP speakers. The frequency of Gm-ag was between 0.048 and 0.235, while the frequency of Gm-ab was between 0.427 and 0.627 and the frequency of Gm-afb ranged between 0.261 and 0.424 among the seven MN villages; the single PAP village had frequencies of 0.568, 0.160, 0.213 and 0.059 for Gm-ag, Gm-axg, Gm-ab and Gm-afb respectively. The frequency of Inv1 ranged between 0.034 and 0.095 in the MN villages and 0.014 in the PAP village. The rare occurrence of Gm(x) without Gm(g) was explained by the presence of a Gm-axfb haplotype, while in two PAP families the presence of Gm(x) without Gm(g) was explained by the abnormally weak expression of Gm(g) in a Gm-axg haplotype. A total of 654 sera were typed for Gc, with the seven MN villages ranging between 0.350 and 0.650 for Gc-1, 0.312 and 0.575 for Gc-2 and between 0.017 and 0.112 for Gc-Ab; the single PAP village had a value of 0.627 for Gc-1, 0.165 for Gc-2 and 0.208 for Gc-Ab. A total of 693 sera were tested for ceruloplasmin type. All showed the common Cp(b) phenotype.

ABO Blood-Group System↗