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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Advances in diagnosis of diseases causing diarrhea in newborn calves.

Diarrhea in newborn calves is a serious global health problem. It poses challenges for animal industry, veterinarians and researchers due to the rapid onset of dehydration. Mixed infections make treatment complicated, and many young calves suffer high rates of illness and death from this condition. Numerous enteropathogens are associated with diarrhea in newborn calves, encompassing viruses, bacteria, parasites, and protozoa. Their occurrence differs by region, yet the most prevalent infections include E. coli, Salmonella species, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, Toxocara, Giardia and Eimeria. This review outlines the diagnostic techniques for diseases that lead to diarrhea in newborn calves. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations; however, the laboratory identification of etiological items is the only valid way for detecting the illness's aetiology and initiating treatment protocols. Classic methods such as bacterial culturing, fecal flotation, direct microscopy, and virus isolation help us understand pathogens better. Immunological assays like ELISA and immunochromatography are fast, accurate, affordable, and useful for on-farm detection. They help identify specific antigens or antibodies efficiently. Molecular methods including PCR (standard, multiplex, real time and digital), LAMP assays, DNA microarrays and whole-genome sequencing allow highly accurate and sensitive detection. They can identify pathogens effectively, even at very low levels. Nanotechnology-based assays introduce a novel level of sensitivity and specificity, often yielding quick results with minimal sample volumes. In conclusion, accurate and rapid diagnosis using advanced techniques is critical for managing and preventing diseases that lead to diarrhea in newborn calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Acid-base equilibrium in mother and fetus during labor and the resistance of newborn calves].

Investigated were a total of 59 cows presenting normal processes, of giving birth as well as dystocia, the time of delivery lasting 2, 10, 24, and 36 hours. Seventeen cows with dystocia were treated intravenously with 500 cm3 of a 4 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose. It was found that the changes in the pH values, alkali reserves, glycogen, and the peroxydase activity of the neutrophiles in the mothers and fetuses were dependent on the duration of parturition. Cases of difficult labour with a prolonged calving period led to lowering the pH values the alkali reserves, and the enzyme activity of leukocytes both in the cows and the newborn calves. Newborns delivered 24 and 36 hours from the beginning of the parturition act showed low resistance and had weakly expressed phagocytic and bactericidal blood activity. The intravenous application of 50 ml of a 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose to cows with dystocia up to the 10th day led to a compensatory response on behalf of the acid-base balance in the calves.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

[Fractures of the vertebrae in newborn calves (author's transl)].

A letter to the Editor on fractures of the vertebrae in newborn calves is commented upon (Tijdschr. Diergeneesk., 104, 557, (1979)). Supplementary data is supplied and a theory regarding the pathogenesis is suggested. Intense muscular contractions during an attack of asphyxia could be the cause of these fractures of the vertebrae. Although non-genetic factors are bound to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asphyxia, genetic factors (probably showing a hereditary pattern which is more complex than singly recessive) also may help to produce these fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Absorption of colostral proteins by newborn calves fed unfermented, fermented, or buffered colostrum.

Unfermented, frozen colostrum from the first three postpartum milkings of 10 cows was thawed, pooled, and treated to produce three diets: 1) unfermented, 2) fermented (7 days at 25 to 27 C), and 3) fermented (as in 2) with pH adjusted to match that of unfermented colostrum. Eighteen newborn, unsuckled Holstein calves were assigned randomly to one of the three diets. Colostrum diets were thawed and fed at 0, 8, 16, 24, and 36 h. Blood was sampled at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. Minimal breakdown of colostral gamma-globulin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) occurred during fermentation. Protein breakdown during fermentation was associated primarily with the casein fraction. Concentrations of gamma-globulin in serum of calves receiving unfermented colostrum were higher than those of calves fed fermented colostrum at all sampling times beyond 0 h. Concentrations of gamma-globulin in serum of calves fed buffered colostrum were intermediate. Concentrations of IgG followed a similar trend. Health problems were not encountered, indicating potential for passive immunization of newborn calves via fermented, buffered colostrum in emergency situations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

[Changes in the composition of the colostrum from cows and buffaloes and its significance in the nutrition of newborn calves].

Investigations on the chemical composition of cow and buffalo cow colostrum were carried out with a view of using the latter most rationally as the only nutrition for newborns in the first days of their life. It was established that following calving the chemical composition of cow and buffalo cow colsotrum changes very fast within hours and days. The dry matter of cow colostrum is reduced from 29.05% at the time of calving to 12.26% on the 7th day; organic matter--from 28.01% to 12.50%, respectively; protein--from 15.09% to 6.06%; fats--from 10.0% to 4.3%, etc. In buffalo cows dry matter is reduced from 27.61% 2 h post calving to 16.85% on the 7th day; organic matter--from 26.21% to 15.88%, respectively; protein--from 18.19% to 8.50%; fats--from 10.0% to 7.2%, etc. It is necessary to begin feeding newborn calves and buffalos with colostrum 1--2 h after calving at the latest.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[Suitability of the streptomycin furazolidone combination in the treatment of diarrhea in newborn calves].

In the treatment of diarrhoea in new-born calves in 14 herds, the clinical effectiveness of the combination of streptomycin (1,000,000 i. u.) with furazolidone (0.2 g) was compared with that of streptomycin (1,000,000 i. u.) alone and furazolidone (0.2 g) alone in the peroral application to 710 calves twice daily. The use of the combination resulted in the recovery of 97.1% of 244 calves, the use of streptomycin alone healed 99.2% of 236 calves, and the application of furazolidone healed 97.4% of 230 calves. However, these results are not statistically significant. Taking into account the costs of treatment as well as the losses due to mortality, the treatment with streptomycin alone was more economical than the use of the comdone. The furazolidone therapy was more advantageous than the use of the combination only when evaluated from the viewpoint of the purchase price of calves.

Animals↗