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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

In vitro lymphocyte transformation to nickel: a study of nickel-sensitive patients before and after epicutaneous and oral challenge with nickel.

An in vitro lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was performed in 8 patients with nickel contact dermatitis and in 4 control persons. The mitogenic response was of the same magnitude before patch testing, after patch testing and after oral challenge with nickel. When purified protein derivative (PPD) was used as the antigen, there was no difference between the LTT response of patients and controls before and after patch testing. After oral challenge with nickel, however, the patients' responses to PPD were significantly increased when compared with the responses after patch testing. The responses of the controls were unchanged. The LTT levels of the patients were approximately the same before and after patch testing, but were markedly increased after oral challenge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nickel concentrations in nasal mucosa, plasma, and urine in active and retired nickel workers.

The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of the occupational nickel exposure on the concentration of nickel in nasal mucosa, plasma and urine. Plasma, urine and biopsy specimens of nasal mucosa from 318 nickel workers, 15 retired nickel workers and 57 non-exposed controls were analyzed for nickel by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that nickel exposure led significantly to raised nickel concentration in nasal mucosa, plasma and urine both in active and retired nickel workers. The average nickel concentration in the nasal mucosa was highest in workers exposed to the highest atmospheric nickel concentration, inhaled as nickel subsulphide and oxide dust. Workers exposed to aerosols of nickel chloride and sulphate at a lower atmospheric nickel concentration had, on the other hand, the highest mean nickel concentration in plasma and urine. The mucosal, plasma and urine nickel concentration were significantly correlated to duration of nickel exposure. The accumulated nickel in the nasal mucosa was retained for years after termination of the nickel exposure, and slowly released with an estimated half-life of 3.5 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urine nickel concentrations in nickel-exposed workers.

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for analyses of nickel concentrations in urine samples from nickel-exposed workers in 10 occupational groups and from non-exposed workers in two control groups. Mean concentrations of nickel in urine were greatest in workers who were exposed to inhalation of aerosols of soluble nickel salts (e.g., workers in nickel plating operations and in an electrolytic nickel refinery). Less marked increases in urine nickel concentrations were found in groups of metal sprayers, nickel battery workers, bench mechanics and are welders. No significant increases in mean concentrations of nickel were found in urine samples from workers who performed grinding, buffing and polishing of nickel-containing alloys or workers in a coal gasification plant who employed Raney nickel as a hydrogenation catalyst. Measurements of nickel concentrations in urine are more sensitive and practical than measurements of serum nickel concentrations for evaluation of nickel exposures in industrial workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Urinary and plasma concentrations of nickel as indicators of exposure to nickel in an electroplating shop.

The relationship between atmospheric exposure to nickel and urine and plasma nickel concentrations was studied by following four workers from an electroplating shop for one work week by daily measurements of the nickel concentration in workroom air with personal samplers and nickel concentrations in blood and urine samples collected before and after the work shift. The workroom air concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 mg/m3. The urinary and plasma nickel concentrations were higher in the samples taken after than before the work shift and a close positive correlation was found between the air nickel concentrations and the urine and plasma nickel concentrations, respectively. There was also a close correlation between urinary and plasma nickel concentrations. A slight accumulation of nickel occurred as judged from the increasing concentrations of nickel in the urine and plasma morning samples during the study week. This study indicates that both plasma and urine nickel concentrations may be used as biological indicators of exposure to soluble nickel compounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rhinoscopical findings in nickel workers, with special emphasis on the influence of nickel exposure and smoking habits.

Rhinoscopy and X-ray examination were performed on 318 nickel workers and 57 controls, to study the significance of these methods in detecting cancerous and precancerous mucosal changes. The clinical and radiological findings were compared with histopathological data and mucosal nickel concentrations determined in nasal biopsy material from the middle turbinate, with duration of nickel exposure, and with tobacco smoking habitl changes (43%) than the controls (26%), (0.01 less than P less than 0.02), mainly due to differences in frequency of hyperplastic rhinitis. Thirteen nickel workers (4%) had nasal polyps. Two of these cases, both employed at the nickel refinery for 28 years, appeared to have nasal carcinoma, according to histological examination. No distinct association was established between rhinoscopical findings and epithelial dysplasia found by histological examination. The explanatory values for the rhinoscopical findings of different factors, such as working category age, duration of nickel exposure, grams tobacco smoked per week, and nickel content of nasal mucosa, were evaluated by applying a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Number of years from first employment at the nickel refinery and tobacco consumption were the only explanatory factors that showed a statistically significant correlation to the rhinoscopical findings. The radiological examination revealed few characteristics findings. Chemical analysis of cigarettes handrolled by nickel workers showed high nickel concentrations compared with non-contaminated cigarettes.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lymphocyte transformation induced by nickel sulphate: an in vitro study of subjects with and without a positive nickel patch test.

Lymphocytes from 8 patients with contact dermatitis and a positive nickel patch test, 7 patients with contact dermatitis due to other factors and with a negative nickel patch test, and 9 other subjects, 7 of whom suffered from other dermatological disorders, were tested with the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), using nickel sulphate in various concentrations. All execpt one of the nickel allergics showed a significant response to nickel, whereas the controls showed borderline (3 patients) or no response (12 patients). These observations confirm previous findings indicating that nickel hypersensitivity can be diagnosed in vitro. This may be of importance in cases of acute contact dermatitis where patch testing is undesirable. Some individuals with a negative nickel patch test responded significantly though weakly to nickel in the LTT, indicating that apart from acting as a specific antigen (hapten?) nickel sulphate may also have weak non-specific mitogenic properties.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Nickel feeding in nickel-sensitive patients with hand eczema.

Ten women with vesicular hand eczema and delayed hypersensitivity to nickel were given 0.5 mg nickel supplements to their diets. The double-blind controlled supplements were given on Monday and Tuesday of each week for at least 1 month. The nickel supplement was lower than that used in previous studies, and only one subject had reproducible flaring of her vesicular dermatitis. We conclude that dietary restriction of nickel is not warranted based on nickel supplement studies, but nickel's role in hand eczema could be clarified by depleting nickel from body stores with chelating agents.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Nickel content of human lymphoblastoid cells cultured in a nickel sulfate-enriched medium].

Nickel is titrated by atomic absorption in nuclear and non-nuclear fractions of cells cultured in media supplemented by nickel sulphate. The living cell percentages are estimated in the same culture conditions. We try to connect the nickel presence in cellular fractions and the living cell percentages. These used cells seem to have mortality probability when nuclear fraction has 55 x 10(-6) of nickel and non-nuclear fraction has 33 x 10(-6) of nickel. We discuss the nickel stimulating effect for the start of DNA synthesis and the nickel penetration into cells.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1978

Repeated failure of nickel-containing prosthetic heart valves in a patient allergic to nickel.

Life-threatening peri-prosthetic incompetence developed with two successive nickel-containing mitral-valve prostheses in a patient allergic to nickel. Neither prosthesis had been incorporated satisfactorily. Her present nickel-free prosthesis seems to be satisfactory 22 months after insertion. Since allergy to nickel may have been involved in the failure of these prostheses, it is recommended that nickel-sensitive patients should be given nickel-free prostheses.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Low nickel diet in the treatment of patients with chronic nickel dermatitis.

Of 28 patients with chronic nickel dermatitis 17 experienced aggravation following oral ingestion of 2.5 mg nickel, but not a placebo tablet. The dermatitis of 9 of the 17 patients improved during a period of 6 weeks on a low nickel diet. The dermatitis of 7 of the 9 patients flared again when a normal diet was resumed. Nickel excretion over a 24-h period was measured for 14 of the 17 patients by atomic absorption spectrophotometry before, during, and after the diet. Reduced excretion was seen during the diet with no statistically significant difference between patients whose dermatitis improved during the diet and those whose dermatitis showed no change.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1979

Effect on growth and nickel content of cabbage plants watered with nickel solutions.

Chinese cabbage plants were watered with different concentrations of NiCl2 solutions and the effect on growth and uptake of nickel in the plants were studied. No toxic effect on plant growth was observed. A higher content of nickel was found in the plants exposed to more concentrated nickel solutions. Nickel contamination and its clinical consequences are discussed.

Brassica↗
PubMed1979

Antabuse treatment of nickel dermatitis. Chelation--a new principle in the treatment of nickel dermatitis.

Eleven nickel-hypersensitive patients with chronic, dyshidrotic hand eczema aggravated by oral challenge with 0.6-2.5 mg nickel were treated with 100 mg tetraethylthiuramdisulfide (Antabuse) two to four times daily for 4-10 weeks. Nine of the patients experienced a flare of the dermatitis shortly after initiation of the treatment. During the course of treatment the dermatitis of seven patients cleared, improvement was seen in two patients, and in two the dermatitis remained unchanged. Flare was seen in six patients when the treatment was discontinued. Seven patients experienced side effects such as fatigue, headache and dizziness. The treatment of four patients was discontinued due to side effects. During the treatment high levels of nickel were found in the serum and urine.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

On nickel contents in urine and hair in a case of exposure to nickel carbonyl.

In an accidental case of exposure to nickel carbonyl with a few persons weak symptoms of illness were observed. Rapid and simple methods of flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy were applied for the determination of nickel in urinary samples and in sections of bundled hairs. The measurements showed in some cases remarkable increased Ni values well above normal levels. The data obtained will be amply discussed and can be used in part for a rough estimation of the biological half life of inhaled Ni.

Hair↗
PubMed1979

Temperature-dependent nickel release from nickel alloys.

Nickel release from Danish one krone coins and metal buttons from jeans has been measured at 20 degrees C in distilled water and at 35 degrees C in distilled water and synthetic sweat. The temperature elevation increased the nickel release from the coins and two of the nine metal buttons investigated. Obviously the sensitivity to temperature elevation differs from one alloy to another.

Alloys↗
PubMed1977

[Nickel--an essential trace element. 1. Influence of the supply of nickel on live weight gains, food consumption and body composition of growing pigs and goats].

Pigs and goats were used in long-term trials to investigate in which way supplements of 100 mug Ni per kg of a semisynthetic diet (control rations: 10 mg Ni per kg of the diet) would influence the rate of weight gains and food consumption and the body composition of the animals. A significant decline in the rate of weight increase was noted in the Ni-deficient animals. Ni-supplements added to the diet (10 mg/kg) increased the weight gains by 21% (goats) and 13% (pigs). In the present trial goats showed a more sensitive response to Ni-deficiency than pigs. Ni-deficiency did not affect the food consumption of neither the growing goats nor the growing pits. It was only during their lactation period that the Ni-deficient goats showed a statistically well-established decrease in food consumption. The level of Ni supply did not affect the crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content of the pigs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

[Nickel--an essential trace element. 3. Effect of nickel deficiency on reproductive performance in female animals].

A total of 26 Ni-deficient (less than 100 ppm Ni in the ration) breeding goats and their 30 kids and 24 corresponding control goats with 37 kids were used to investigate, over 6 experimental years, the influence of Ni-deficiency on the reproductive performance until weaning. Following the same arrangement, 7 and 6 mini sows, respectively, and their piglets (71 and 67) were studied. The following statistically secured results were obtained. Ni-deficiency resulted in reduced pregnancy rates (after one insemination) in animals that had revealed clear estrus symptoms. This caused delayed pregnancies and birth of offspring. The conception and abortion rates, the number of offspring and the sex ratio were not influenced significantly by Ni-deficiency. Intra-uterine Ni-deficiency reduced the birth weights and caused lower weight gains during the suckling period. Its influence proved stronger in the kids as compared to the mini piglets. Ni-deficiency caused the mortality of the offspring during the suckling period to increase significantly. The losses in the Ni-deficient kids and mini piglets were by 41 and 51%, respectively, higher than in the corresponding control animals.

Abortion, Veterinary↗