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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Quantitative aspects of marriage, fertility and family limitation in nineteenth century America: another application of the Coale specifications.

This paper deals with three aspects of the decline in the fertility of white women in the United States from 1800 to 1920. The first concerns the portion of the secular decline in the total fertility rate which was due to changes in marriage rates and the portion due to decreases in marital fertility rates. The second concerns the fraction of couples in the nineteenth century who acted effectively to reduce their fertility and the third deals with the importance of abortion as a family-limiting practice among white couples in the nineteenth century.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

The use of model life tables to estimate mortality for the United States in the late nineteenth century.

This paper seeks to extend our knowledge about mortality in the late nineteenth century United States by using census mortality data for older children and teenagers to fit model tables. The same method can also be used with partially underregistered death data. The most commonly used model tables, the Coale and Demeny West Model, apparently do not adequately depict the changing shape of mortality over the period 1850--1910. An alternative model life table system is presented, based on the Brass two parameter logit system and available reliable life tables from the period 1850--1910. The two parameter system must be reduced to a one parameter system by means of estimated relationships between the parameters so that the fitting procedure can be used. The resulting model system is, however, heavily dependent on the experience of northern, industrial states, especially Massachusetts.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Mortality in nineteenth century America: estimates from New York and Pennsylvania census data, 1865 and 1900.

Given the lack of information on mortality in the nineteenth century United States, it seems appropriate to apply techniques which have been created for mortality estimation for developing nations with inadequate vital registration data, to the historical American experience. Two such related sets of techniques are the brass, Sullivan, and Trussell methods and the technique here called the Surviving Children Method, which utilizes the age structure of surviving children and the number of children ever born to women in various age or duration of marriage categories. Both techniques estimate child mortality. Coale and Demeny model life tables are used to extend child mortality estimates to adult mortality. The techniques are applied to census manuscript samples from seven New York counties in 1865 and seven Pennsylvania counties in 1900, both censuses having information on children ever born. The estimates confirm a drop in mortality between 1865 and 1900 in New York and large differentials between native and foreigh-born populations as well as between rural and urban populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Secondary skin cancer in nineteenth-century Britain.

Clinico-pathological data on secondary skin cancer are of current interest. This paper therefore reviews such data with special reference to nineteenth-century Britain. The old authors were interested in such diverse aspects of the problem of skin secondaries as the mode of invasion, the forms of presentation, the patterns of distribution, clinical diagnosis, microscopic diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Although skin secondaries were of serious prognostic import, all cases showing them were not hopeless.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1976

Treatment or punishment? A nineteenth-century scandal.

In psychiatry the relationship between treatment and punishment is variable and ambiguous. It has always been possible to employ physical methods of treatment for punitive ends, against which the introduction of liberal policies is no complete safeguard. Indulging one's personal animosities towards a difficult or violent patient has always been condemned, but the motives of a psychiatrist may be particularly easily misconstrued. These inherent risks in a psychiatrist's situation are illustrated by a case from the 19th century.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗