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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

First clinical isolates of Nocardia carnea, Nocardia elegans, Nocardia paucivorans, Nocardia puris and Nocardia takedensis in Japan.

Five aerobic actinomycete strains isolated from patients in Japan were assigned provisionally to the genus Nocardia based on morphological and physiological characteristics. The five strains, IFM 10481, IFM 0668, IFM 0901, IFM 0583 and IFM 0342, were not classified into any Nocardia species reported as infectious agents in Japan. Therefore, they were studied further to determine their specific taxonomic positions. Detailed chemotaxonomic and physiologic characterization and 16S rDNA sequence data of the five strains showed that they belonged to respective species of Nocardia carnea, N. elegans, N. paucivorans, N. puris and N. takedensis. This is the first isolation report of these five Nocardia species from patients in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The Nocardia salmonicida clade, including descriptions of Nocardia cummidelens sp. nov., Nocardia fluminea sp. nov. and Nocardia soli sp. nov.

Large numbers of strains selectively isolated from soil, water and deteriorating vulcanised natural rubber pipe rings were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia. Twenty-eight representative isolates were found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of nocardiae. These organisms formed a monophyletic clade in the 16S rDNA tree together with Nocardia salmonicida. Three of the strains, isolates S1, W30 and R89, were distinguished from one another and from representatives of the validly described species of Nocardia using genotypic and phenotypic data. These organisms were considered to merit species status and were named Nocardia cummidelens sp. nov., Nocardia fluminea sp. nov. and Nocardia soli sp. nov. respectively. Additional comparative studies are needed to resolve the finer taxonomic relationships of the remaining isolates assigned to the Nocardia salmonicida clade and to further unravel the extent of nocardial diversity in artificial and natural ecosystems.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis sp. nov., a new species of Nocardia which groups bacterial strains previously identified as Nocardia brasiliensis and associated with invasive diseases.

We studied five strains of a new Nocardia taxon recently identified among Nocardia brasiliensis strains associated with invasive diseases (R. J. Wallace, Jr., B. A. Brown, Z. Blacklock, R. Ulrich, K. Jost, J. M. Brown, M. M. McNeil, G. Onyi, V. A. Steingrube, and J. Gibson, J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1528-1533, 1995) to determine their taxonomic status. Several characteristics of these organisms, including the presence of chemotype IV cell walls, nocardomycolic acids, a predominant menaquinone similar to that of Nocardia asteroides ATCC 19247T (T = type strain), and G+C contents ranging from 67 to 68 mol%, are characteristics of the genus Nocardia. Phylogenies based on small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences clearly confirmed that all five strains belong to the genus Nocardia and occur on a single branch that is clearly distinct from N. brasiliensis. This branch forms a clade with Nocardia vaccinii, Nocardia nova, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, and Nocardia seriolae. The five new strains exhibited high levels of DNA relatedness with each other, as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (S1 nuclease procedure), but not with N. brasiliensis strains or with strains of the four phylogenetically related Nocardia species mentioned above. The five new strains differ from N. brasiliensis in the following characteristics: mycolic acid pattern, decomposition of adenine, nitrate reduction, and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities. Therefore, we propose that these strains belong to a new species, Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis. The type strain is strain ATCC 51512, which was isolated from a leg abscess on a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia inohanensis sp. nov., Nocardia yamanashiensis sp. nov. and Nocardia niigatensis sp. nov., isolated from clinical specimens.

Comparative 16S rDNA studies on six strains of actinomycete isolated from clinical specimens revealed that they belong to the genus Nocardia and are closely related to Nocardia seriolae, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia uniformis, Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis and Nocardia crassostreae. However, the novel organisms consistently formed a clade distinct from that of the five latter species. Determination of DNA-DNA relatedness indicated that these strains could be classified under three novel species. Based on their phenotypic and phylogenetic characters, three novel species of the genus Nocardia are established: Nocardia inohanensis sp. nov. for IFM 0092(T) (=NBRC 100128(T)=JCM 11891(T)=DSM 44667(T)), Nocardia yamanashiensis sp. nov. for IFM 0265(T) (=NBRC 100130(T)=JCM 11893(T)=DSM 44669(T)) and Nocardia niigatensis sp. nov. for IFM 0330(T) (=NBRC 100131(T)=JCM 11894(T)=DSM 44670(T)), IFM 0260, IFM 0636 and IFM 0833.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1976

Different degrees of morbidity, in the white mouse, induced by Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae.

The respective degrees of morbidity induced by 6 strains each of Nocardia brasiliensis, N. asteroides and N. caviae were investigated by the method of inoculation in the plantar pad of the white mouse, using a suspension of these nocardiae at a concentration of 10 mg/0-1 ml., and inspecting the animals one month, two months and three months following inoculation. All of the strains of N. brasiliensis produced attack greater and more consistent than that of the other species, N. caviae and N. asteroides showing patterns of attack similar to each other, but substantially lower than those obtained with N. brasiliensis. The 6 strains of N. brasiliensis showed different rates of infection at different times of observation, but it was constantly high for all of them; on the other hand, the infectiousness of the different strains of N. caviae and N. asteroides was low, and there were no substantial differences between them. To sum up, these results with 6 strains of each species confirm those that were published in 1973 which dealt with only one strain of each species.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental pathogenicity of isolates of Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia brasiliensis and Nocardia caviae from different sources].

The experimental pathogenicity of 14 isolates of Nocardia brasiliensis, 15 of N. asteroides, and 5 of N. caviae was investigated for the white Swiss mice inoculated intraperitoneally and in the foot pad, and for the guinea-pig and the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) both inoculated intratesticularly. The guinea-pig was remarkably sensitive to N. asteroides, with an apparent relationship between pathogenicity and thermotolerance, confirming previous observations. Mice were in general less susceptible to this species. In both guinea-pigs and hamsters it was possible to observe typical granules with or without clubs. N. caviae was highly pathogenic for the guinea-pig and the hamster but no mycetomas were produced in the mice inoculated in the foot pad. Isolates of N. brasiliensis from natural sources were scarcely virulent for the different animals. Those of human origin produced significant lesions in the mice inoculated intraperitoneally with granules. Foot pad inoculation of mice with N. brasiliensis caused mycetomas in several animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Determination of sensitivity and specificity of the Nocardia asteroides skin test for detection of bovine mammary infections caused by Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae.

A total of 116 cows from 4 dairy herds in California were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of extracellular antigen of Nocardia astero des for possible detection of bovine mastitis caused by N asteroides and N caviae. Three different positive criteria were used. These criteria gave different sensitivity and specificity to the skin test. The highest sensitivity of 80% and highest specificity of 96.04% were obtained by combining 2 criteria. The study found no cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and Mycobacterium fortuitum or N asteroides and tuberculin skin tests. There was cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and N caviae infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Nocardia jiangxiensis sp. nov. and Nocardia miyunensis sp. nov., isolated from acidic soils.

The taxonomic positions of two soil actinomycetes, strains 117(T) and 43401(T), provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia were determined in a polyphasic study. The organisms were found to have phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus Nocardia, and formed a distinct branch in the Nocardia 16S rRNA gene tree. It was evident from the phylogenetic data that the isolates were most closely, albeit loosely, associated with the type strains of Nocardia nova and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis. However, all four of these organisms were readily distinguishable from one another using DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the two isolates should be recognized as novel species of the genus Nocardia. It is proposed, therefore, that strains 117(T) (=CGMCC 4.1904(T)=JCM 12860(T)) and 43401(T) (=CGMCC 4.1905(T)=JCM 12861(T)) be classified in the genus Nocardia as the type strains of Nocardia miyunensis sp. nov. and Nocardia jiangxiensis sp. nov., respectively.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia shimofusensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and Nocardia higoensis sp. nov., isolated from a patient with lung nocardiosis in Japan.

Three actinomycete strains isolated from soils and one strain isolated from a patient with lung nocardiosis in 1999 and 2001 in Japan have been provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia on the basis of morphological criteria. These isolates were further investigated to determine their specific taxonomic status. Detailed chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates confirmed that they belong to the genus Nocardia. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the four strains were most similar to that of Nocardia farcinica. However, the sequence similarity values between these four strains and N. farcinica were <98.9 %. These four strains were susceptible to 5-fluorouracil, and they have the ability to decompose urea, which is a very characteristic trait. Furthermore, DNA-DNA relatedness data revealed that IFM 10311(T), IFM 10312 and IFM 10313 comprise a single novel species of Nocardia, that IFM 10084(T) represents another novel species of Nocardia and that these two novel species could be distinguished from N. farcinica. The names Nocardia shimofusensis sp. nov. and Nocardia higoensis sp. nov. are proposed, with IFM 10311(T) (=NBRC 100134(T)=JCM 12122(T)=DSM 44733(T)) and IFM 10084(T) (=NBRC 100133(T)=JCM 12121(T)=DSM 44732(T)) as the respective type strains.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia testaceus sp. nov. and Nocardia senatus sp. nov., isolated from patients in Japan.

Two actinomycete strains isolated from sputum between 1999 and 2001 in Japan were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia based on morphological criteria. These isolates were further studied in order to determine their specific taxonomic status. Detailed chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates also confirmed that they belong to the genus Nocardia. The 16S rDNA sequence data of the two strains showed that they are most similar to that of Nocardia carnea and Nocardia flavorosea. However, DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that the two strains could be distinguished from N. carnea and N. flavorosea and therefore represented two new species within the genus Nocardia. The designation of the two isolated strains are Nocardia testaceus for IFM 0937(T) (=JCM 12235(T), DSM 44765(T)) and Nocardia senatus for IFM 10088(T) (=JCM 12236(T), DSM 44766(T)).

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia araoensis sp. nov. and Nocardia pneumoniae sp. nov., isolated from patients in Japan.

Two actinomycete strains isolated from two patients with lung nocardiosis between 1995 and 1997 in Japan were assigned to novel species of the genus Nocardia based on morphological and chemical criteria. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the two strains revealed that they belong to the genus Nocardia and are most closely related to the species Nocardia beijingensis. Determination of DNA-DNA relatedness indicated that these strains could be assigned to two novel species. Based on their phenotypic and phylogenetic characters, two novel species of the genus Nocardia are proposed: Nocardia araoensis sp. nov. for IFM 0575(T) (=NBRC 100135(T)=JCM 12118(T)=DSM 44729(T)) and Nocardia pneumoniae sp. nov. for IFM 0784(T) (=NBRC 100136(T)=JCM 12119(T)=DSM 44730(T)).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Nocardia elegans sp. nov., a member of the Nocardia vaccinii clade isolated from sputum.

Two bacterial isolates from the sputa of a patient with a pulmonary infection were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and mycolic acids consistent with the profile for the genus Nocardia. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that these isolates constitute a distinct subline within the genus Nocardia, displaying 99.6-95.5% sequence similarities with established species. However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies demonstrated unambiguously that the isolates are genealogically distinct from closely related species, namely Nocardia veterana and Nocardia africana, which show high levels of 16S rRNA sequence similarity (99.2 and 99.6% sequence similarity, respectively). On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that these isolates be classified as a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia elegans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMMIB N-402(T) (=CCUG 50200(T)=CIP 108553(T)).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1963

IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM NOCARDIA ASTEROIDES AND NOCARDIA BRASILIENSIS.

Zamora, A. (University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F.), L. F. Bojalil, and Fernando Bastarrachea. Immunologically active polysaccharides from Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis. J. Bacteriol. 85:549-555. 1963.-Two immunologically active polysaccharides were isolated from Nocardia asteroides (Poly I Na and Poly II Na) and N. brasiliensis (Poly I Nb and Poly II Nb). These polysaccharides were isolated from cell extracts and purified by methanol precipitation, chloroform extraction of extraneous material, and deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid. The crucial step used for separation of Poly I and Poly II from both nocardias was differential solubility. From dried preparations containing both polysaccharides, Poly I was solubilized at pH 10, whereas Poly II remained insoluble and was subsequently solubilized at pH 5. Poly I Na and Poly I Nb are apparently the same. Arabinose and galactose were the monosaccharide constituents of these polysaccharides, and their molar ratios were similar. Furthermore, Poly I Na and Poly I Nb cross-reacted in agar diffusion precipitin tests with rabbit antisera prepared against either N. asteroides or N. brasiliensis. Either polysaccharide absorbed serum antibodies against the other. These polysaccharides can be regarded as groupspecific. Poly II Na and Poly II Nb are different and species-specific. They are composed of arabinose, galactose, and mannose but exhibit different molar ratios of these sugars according to species. They reacted only with homologous antisera.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed1994

A phylogeny of the genus Nocardia deduced from the analysis of small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, including transfer of Nocardia amarae to the genus Gordona as Gordona amarae comb. nov.

According to phylogenetic analyses of nearly complete small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, the genus Nocardia should not comprise the two species Nocardia petroleophila and Nocardia amarae. N. amarae should be reassigned to the genus Gordona as Gordona amarae. All of the other Nocardia species form a monophyletic unit, closely related to species of the genus Rhodococcus. It is proposed to revive the name 'CMN' to comprise the genera Corynebacterium, Tsukamurella, Mycobacterium, Gordona, Rhodococcus and Nocardia that form a well identified and monophyletic unit. They are all characterized by a cell wall chemotype IV with mycolic acids.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Monoclonal antibodies to Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis antigens.

Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia brasiliensis whole-cell extracts were used as antigens to generate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Six stable hybrid cell lines secreting anti-Nocardia spp. MAbs were obtained. These were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot (immunoblot), and immunofluorescence assay. Although all the MAbs exhibited different degrees of cross-reactivity with N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis antigens as well as with culture-filtrate antigens from Mycobacteria spp., they have the potential for use as reagents in the purification of Nocardia antigens.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

DNA amplification and restriction endonuclease analysis for differentiation of 12 species and taxa of Nocardia, including recognition of four new taxa within the Nocardia asteroides complex.

Nineteen reference and 156 clinical strains of the genus Nocardia belonging to 12 taxonomic groups were studied for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) by using an amplified 439-bp segment of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene. Of 30 restriction endonucleases, digestion with MspI and then digestion with BsaHI produced RFLP band patterns which separated all 12 groups except N. asteroides type IV from 6 of 12 N. transvalensis isolates and N. carnea from the N. asteroides type VI isolates. Commonly encountered species such as N. nova, N. farcinica, N. brasiliensis sensu stricto, and N. otitidiscaviarum were easily separated. Each taxon resulted in a single RFLP band pattern that included > or = 96% of all biochemically grouped isolates for 9 of 12 taxa with MspI and for 8 of 12 taxa with BsaHI. With the use of both patterns, only 6 of 175 (3.4%) isolates failed to fit the biochemically defined group patterns. These studies provide the first evidence for the separate identities of four antibiogram-defined (but currently unnamed) groups within the N. asteroides complex (types I, II, IV, and VI) and the presence of two subgroups within N. transvalensis. They also provide genotypic evidence for the separate identities of N. nova and N. farcinica. The lack of BstEII recognition sites in amplicons obtained from nocardiae provides a simple and rapid method for the differentiation of nocardiae from mycobacteria. DNA amplification with RFLP analysis is the first rapid method that distinguishes all clinically significant taxa and recognized species within the genus Nocardia.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2005

Nocardia anaemiae sp. nov. isolated from an immunocompromised patient and the first isolation report of Nocardia vinacea from humans.

Two actinomycete strains that were isolated from patients in Japan were assigned provisionally to the genus Nocardia based on their morphological characteristics. The two isolates were further studied to determine their specific taxonomic status. Detailed chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rDNA sequence data for the strains showed that they are most similar to Nocardia vinacea. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that strain IFM 0344 should be identified as N. vinacea, and that strain IFM 0323T is classifiable as a new species. This report describes the first isolation of N. vinacea from clinical samples. A new species of the genus Nocardia is proposed based on their phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics: Nocardia anaemiae for IFM 0323T (=NBRC 100462T=JCM 12396T=DSM 44821T).

DNA, Ribosomal↗