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Results for “Norethindrone--side effects”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Benign liver cell adenoma associated with use of oral contraceptive agents.

A benign hepatic adenoma in a young woman taking oral contraceptives for 7 years is reported. The diagnosis must be suspected in any young woman taking oral contraceptive agents who develop signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis with hepatomegaly or mass, or when signs and symptoms of non-traumatic intraabdominal hemorrhage are present. Rupture of the tumor is a life-threatening complication. Treatment should be either hepatic lobectomy or wide local resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Oral contraceptive potencies and side effects.

A set of empirical results is used to test a model that assigns rankings to oral contraceptives in terms of relative hormonal potencies. The association between the observed incidence of side effects attributed to excess of estrogen and progestin and their incidence as predicted by the model is analyzed. Results of the study show the model to have incorrectly predicted the observed ranking order of symptoms associated with excess estrogen. Further, while the model correctly predicted the oral contraceptive with the highest progestogenic potency (Ovral), the observed ranking order of the other two preparations is shown to be the reverse of that predicted by the model.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

[Changes in heparinocytes during the administration of Depositon and Sequenz-Ovosiston].

During hormonal contraception with Deposiston (once a week pill) and with Sequenz-Ovosiston (14 days mestranol 0.1 mg, 7 days mestranol 0,08 mg and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) doesn't take place a change of basophil granulocytes (heparinocytes) in blood. Under Deposiston the small elevation is somewhat lengthened, under Sequenz-Ovosiston the elevated phase is similar to those of the normal menstrual cycle. The smaller risk of thromboembolia under heparinocytopenia preventing contraceptives is discussed.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1978

[Cytogenetic studies on women during and following the use of hormonal contraceptives].

The object of our investigations was the assessment of chromosomal changes in lymphocyte cultures of 33 women after long-term application of Ovosiston and Non-Ovlon (Group I), of 10 women with discontinued use of hormonal contraceptives at intervals of at least two month (Group II), cytogenetic investigations of 20 untreated healthy persons (Group III). We did not find an increase of numerical or structural aberrations in all cases. Our study of anomalies in the position of acrocentric chromosomes in the metaphase indicates a significantly increasing rate of associations after long-term use of hormonal contraceptives in lymphocyte culture. Origin connexion and importance of associations were discussed.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

A radioimmunoassay for norethindrone (NET): measurement of serum NET concentrations following ingestion of NET-containing oral contraceptive steroids.

A sensitive and reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of norethindrone (NET) in serum has been established employing anti-11 alpha-hydroxynorethindrone 11-hemisuccinyl-bovine serum albumin serum in conjunction with norethindrone-3-(0-carboxymethyl) oximino-[125I]-iodohistamine. Of a number of ring A reduced NET metabolites, only 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-ethinyl-5 beta-estran-3-one (43%) and 17 alpha-ethinyl-5 alpha-estrane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (15.7%) cross-reacted appreciably in this RIA. Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MEE2) exhibited cross-reactions of only 1.1 and 0.4%, respectively. Serum NET levels were measured in four groups of 3 women, each ingesting either 1 mg NET plus 0.05 mg MEE2 (Norinyl 1 + 50 or Ortho Novum 1/50), 0.5 mg NET plus 0.035 mg EE2 (Brevicon) or only 0.35 mg NET (Micronor) daily for 5 consecutive days. Peak serum NET levels were observed within 1/2 to 4 hours after oral intake and fell precipitously thereafter. After reaching a maximum, serum NET concentrations declined in a manner consistent with at least two disposition phases. The average half-life for the first disposition phase was 2.3, 3.4, 3.9 and 4.4 hours in subjects ingesting Norinyl 1 + 50, Ortho Novum 1/50, Brevicon and Micronor, respectively. Peak and 3-hour post-ingestion serum NET concentrations were dose-related but showed considerable subject-to-subject variations. Following discontinuation of tablet intake, serum NET levels remained detectable (greater than 0.05 ng/ml) for at least 5 days in all 3 women who had taken Ortho Novum 1/50, but in none of the other 9 volunteers. These results suggest that different preparations of identical doses and combinations of oral contraceptive steroids may yield different serum NET profiles. However, due to considerable subject-to-subject variations, larger numbers of subjects are required for a conclusive investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. VII. Effects with and without progestational agents on ultracentrifugally fractionated plasma lipoproteins in humans, baboons, and beagles.

Ethynyestradiol and mestranol, in doses ranging from 50 to 100 microgram/day, were given to women in 21-day cycles; baboons and beagle dogs received 1 and 4 microgram/kg/day in a similar regimen. After a number of such cycles, megestrol acetate, norethindrone acetate, or dl-norgestrel was given concomitantly. Protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels were determined in total plasma and in ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions. Over the dosage range studied, the effects of the two kinds of estrogen were indistinguishable. Except for human total plasma triglyceride, no dose-related differences were observed. The lowering of serum protein and the increase in cholesterol induced by estrogen were more pronounced in baboons and beagles than in human subjects. The cholesterol-depressing effect of progestational compounds observed in humans was very pronounced in baboons but absent in beagles. In all three species, estrogen increased the lipoprotein fraction cholesterol, except for human low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which was decreased. Human plasma triglyceride and phospholipid increased on estrogen administration and were decreased by the progestins; in the two animal species, triglyceride is normally very low and the estrogen-induced changes were negligible; the phospholipid rose with estrogen but was unaffected by progestins. In sum, the two animal species show many similarities to, as well as important differences from, the human response of plasma lipids to various contraceptive steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Problems in evaluating chronic toxicity of contraceptive steroids in dogs.

The long-term effects of oral contraceptive steroids including a combination of norethindrone and ethynylestradiol, a sequential regimen of dimethisterone and ethynylestradiol, and daily administration of megestrol acetate were studied in female beagle dogs at dose levels of 1, 10, or 25 times the projected human dose levels. The major findings included cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra requiring hysterectomies and alopecia for the norethindrone-ethynylestradiol and dimethisterone-ethynylestradiol treated dogs. These groups did not have accentuated mammary development or treatment-related hyperplastic or neoplastic changes. For dogs given dimethisterone-ethynylestradiol, numerous acne-like lesions occurred in the skin of the mammary areas. Dogs given the higher dose levels of megestrol acetate had marked mammary stimulation, hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in the mammary glands, and clinical and pathologic changes typical of diabetes mellitus. Mammary changes of nodular hyperplasia, benign mixed tumor, and adenocarcinoma appeared as distinct entities although constant and intense mammary stimulation may be a common denominator. Such mammary changes have not been found in long-term studies in monkeys or rats with megestrol acetate, and the relevance of the canine mammary changes to projecting potential tumorigenesis in women is questioned.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1977

Influence of norethindrone on drug-metabolizing enzymes of female rat liver in various B-vitamin deficiency states.

Ingestion of high levels of thiamin significantly decreased the activity of cytochrome P-450, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and the metabolism of aniline and ethylmorphine. Apparent VmaxS for ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were decreased by high levels of riboflavin even though NADPH cytochrome c reductase was elevated. High levels of dietary pyridoxine significantly decreased only the Vmax for aniline hydroxylase. Generally, norethindrone produces either no change or slight depression of cytochrome P-450 regardless or diet, whereas the administration of norethindrone produced no change or an increase in activity of c reductase and ethylmorphine N-demethylase. Norethindrone induces aniline hydroxylase in animals fed all diets except those deficient in thiamin and riboflavin. The activities of the four parameters of the drug metabolizing system measured in these studies as well as the effects of norethindrone are clearly affected by the dietary status of the animal.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1977

Oral contraceptives, anti-thrombin III and fibrinolytic activity in Africans.

A comparison of the effects of progestogen-only and combined progestogen-oestrogen types of oral contraceptives on anti-thrombin III activity and fibrinolysis in African subjects in South Africa is reported. The changes in anti-thrombin III activity are similar to those reported in other races, but the augmentation of fibrinolytic activity is more marked than has been reported elsewhere. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

Africa, Southern↗