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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Differential pulse polarographic determination of formaldehyde in stored noxythiolin solutions.

A differential pulse polarographic method has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde, by means of its kinetic current, in noxythiolin solutions. The assay conditions have been optimized so that the noxythiolin decomposition reaction was not affected. The method had the advantage of rapidity with an analysis time of about 10 min per sample. Thus formaldehyde was determined in noxythiolin solutions prepared and stored under typical clinical conditions. The low concentrations of formaldehyde present in all solutions were insufficient to account for the known cidal action of noxythiolin. There must therefore be some doubt that the mode of action of noxythiolin is simply due to formaldehyde produced as a result of the decomposition of noxythiolin in aqueous solution.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of hyphal development and kill of Candida albicans blastospores by noxythiolin in vitro.

The cidal activity of the antimicrobial agent, noxythiolin, was investigated against a laboratory strain and a fresh isolate of Candida albicans. The order of resistance to noxythiolin was hyphal form (isolate) greater than or equal to 25 degrees C-grown blastospores (isolate) greater than 37 degrees C-grown blastospores (isolate) greater than laboratory strain blastospores. Noxythiolin activity was superior to that of 'equivalent' formaldehyde concentrations. Mycelial transformation in C. albicans was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy and measured in terms of percentage germination and hyphal extension. Noxythiolin, 2.5%, in contact for 30 min prevented germination of the blastospore population whereas the decomposition products, formaldehyde and N-methylthiourea, showed no appreciable effect in the expected concentrations. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the observed clinical efficacy of noxythiolin.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of the antimicrobial activities of noxythiolin and formaldehyde solutions.

The availability of a rapid and highly specific polarographic method of analysis for formaldehyde enabled investigation of the rate of formaldehyde release from noxythiolin solutions and actual concentrations of formaldehyde in solutions during clinical use and storage. The antimicrobial activity of noxythiolin solutions, equivalent pure formaldehyde solutions and N-methylthiourea individually or in combination was examined against standard bacteriological strains and clinical isolates. Several interesting observations were made. Clinical isolates were found to be relatively susceptible to noxythiolin in contrast to laboratory strains. The growth phase of the organism radically affects activity, early exponential phase cells being susceptible to 1.0% noxythiolin. Levels of formaldehyde detected in fresh noxythiolin solutions are extremely low and would not appear to be solely responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed.

Bacteroides fragilis↗
PubMed1988

The use of noxythiolin (Noxyflex 'S') as an antiseptic irrigant in upper urinary tract drainage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Percutaneous nephrostomy drainage for the relief of obstruction or stone removal has become a common procedure. Despite the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, nephrostomy urine frequently becomes infected (approximately 30% of cases). Noxythiolin irrigation has been used to prevent and treat bladder infections. A double-blind, placebo controlled study was carried out in 20 patients undergoing a single-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy to evaluate the use of noxythiolin as an upper urinary tract antiseptic. In the patients whose nephrostomy tubes were irrigated with a 2.5% solution of noxythiolin, significant bacterial infection was eliminated from the nephrostomy urine and colonisation of the catheter tip was markedly reduced. Noxythiolin also rendered pre-operative infected bladder urine sterile. There were no untoward local or systemic sequelae in either group of patients. This study indicates that irrigation of the upper urinary tract with noxythiolin solution is safe and may be a useful adjunct to reduce the risk of sepsis in patients undergoing percutaneous drainage procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Adjuvant treatment of tubal surgery. Randomized prospective study of systemically administered corticoids and noxythiolin].

The effectiveness of systemic corticosteroids in the prevention of adhesion formation and reformation has been recently questioned, on the grounds of non randomized studies. Noxythiolin has been tried in animal experiments, but never in the human. In this paper, a randomized study of the effect of dexamethasone and/or noxythiolin versus no treatment has been conducted by the Group d'Etude des Adhérences Pelviennes. 126 patients have been operated upon by microsurgery (salpingectomy and/or salpingolysis). Adhesions have been assessed by a score derived from the American Fertility Society endometriosis classification, before operation and by laparoscopy 3 to 6 months later. The mean improvement on adhesion score was 23.2 in the corticosteroid treated group, 19.3 in the noxythiolin group, 15.7 in the noxythiolin and corticosteroid group, 10.2 in the control group. 40% of patients (13 out of 32) in the corticosteroid group, versus 26% (5 out of 29) in the noxythiolin and corticosteroid group and 19% (6 out of 31) in the control group (p less than 0.02) became pregnant. No adverse effect has been noted. These results support the use of corticosteroids in infertility surgery.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions: a comparison of noxythiolin and a new povidone-iodine/PVP solution.

Peritoneal adhesions were induced in 250 female Wistar rats by the excision and closure of a right lower quadrant parietal peritoneal defect. After closure of the defect each rat was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: A, control with no instillate; B, control with Ringer solution; C, noxythiolin 0.5 per cent solution; D, noxythiolin 1 per cent solution; E povidone-iodine/PVP solution. Two millilitres of the appropriate solution were injected into the peritoneal cavity just before closure of a standard 4-cm midline incision. Assessment of adhesion formation was made at 1 week in ignorance of the treatment group. Noxythiolin 1 per cent was more effective than Ringer solution and noxythiolin 0.5 per cent in reducing the mean number of adhesions (P less than 0.05) but was inferior to povidone-iodine/PVP (P less than 0.05). Povidone-iodine/PVP solution significantly reduced the number of adhesions compared with the four other groups. In addition, it significantly reduced the mean length of attachment of each adhesion compared with the two control groups (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of noxythiolin on experimental peritonitis.

The intraperitoneal instillation of noxythiolin in the treatment of peritonitis is widespread in clinical practice despite contradictory evidence as to its efficacy. In this light the value of noxythiolin was reappraised by studying its effect in guinea-pigs and mice with induced bacterial peritonitis. Treatment with a 1% solution of noxythiolin reduced the mortality rate of mice by 14% (P less than 0.1). The guinea-pig model proved unreliable giving inconsistent mortality rates throughout. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose and concentration of noxythiolin while the search for more effective intraperitoneal antiseptics should continue.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Noxythiolin VUFB as part of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy in inflammatory intraabdominal complications in surgery].

The author investigated the antimicrobial action of noxythioline, prepared by the Research Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry in Prague, in laboratory work as well as under clinical conditions. In the laboratory investigation the author assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria within the range of 512-2048 mg/l, which is sufficient from the aspect of the noxythioline concentration (2.5%) used in clinical work. In the clinical part of the investigation noxythioline was administered to 58 patients hospitalized at the surgical clinic of the Medical Faculty of Hygiene in Prague in 1988-1989. In 13 patients it was used prophylactically in planned or acute intraabdominal operations. Therapeutically it was used in 45 patients operated mostly on account of intraabdominal diseases complicated by peritonitis or an abscess. Preliminary results confirmed the satisfactory effect of noxythioline VUFB which is comparable with Noxyflex S of Geistlich Co.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

Comparative studies on the effect of noxythiolin and other thioureas on the thyroid using in vitro and in vivo models of thyroid function.

Noxythiolin (Noxyflex-S) inhibited iodide organification (thyroid hormone synthesis) by cultured porcine thyrocytes in vitro after 5 hr (IC50 approx. 9.0 microM). The positive control, the anti-thyroid thiourea methimazole, was about 15 times more potent an inhibitor of iodide organification (IC50 approx. 0.6 microM) under the same incubation conditions. In an in vivo assessment of follicular organification capacity using the perchlorate discharge test, 14 days of ip treatment of male Charles River rats with noxythiolin (50 mg/kg body weight) produced no inhibition of iodide organification when tested 24 hr after the last administration of noxythiolin whereas the positive control, propylthiouracil, was a highly potent inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Decrease in adherence of bacteria and yeasts to human mucosal epithelial cells by noxythiolin in vitro.

Adherence of buccal and vaginal isolates of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells and the adherence of urine isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus to uroepithelial cells was quantified by light microscopy. The antimicrobial agent noxythiolin reduced the adherence of these micro-organisms in both exponential and stationary growth phases. Adherence of both the blastospore and pseudohyphal forms of C. albicans was reduced. Treatment of epithelial cells and/or micro-organisms with noxythiolin resulted in decreased adherence. No anti-adherence effect was observed with formaldehyde and N-methylthiourea, the degradative products of noxythiolin.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1986

Determination of in vivo concentration-time profiles of chlorhexidine and noxythiolin bladder irrigations.

The in vivo concentration-time profiles of chlorhexidine and noxythiolin bladder irrigations were determined by utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography techniques following a once daily irrigation. A total of 14 chlorhexidine irrigations established a mean concentration of 0.006% w/v, 2-3 h post irrigation. A total of 12 noxythiolin irrigations established a mean concentration of 0.266% w/v, 2-3 h post irrigation, which correlated to a mean formaldehyde concentration of 0.0119% w/v at 2-3 h, as estimated from N-methylthiourea. For both solutions the minimum inhibitory concentration was exceeded for up to 5 h post irrigation, which is sufficient contact time to establish a total kill, thus indicating the possibility that a once daily irrigation may be appropriate in asymptomatic bacteriuria which utilizes either chlorhexidine or noxythiolin.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Sustained anti-adherence activity of taurolidine (Taurolin) and noxythiolin (Noxyflex S) solutions.

Taurolidine (2% w/v) and noxythiolin (1% w/v and 2.5% w/v) solutions inhibit the adherence in-vitro of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to human epithelial and fibroblast cells. This effect, demonstrable after 30 min exposure of cells to test drugs, persists after removal of the active compound. Significantly reduced adherence of bacteria is apparent for 5 h after taurolidine treatment and for 6 h after treatment with 2.5% noxythiolin. Anti-adherence activity of taurolidine and noxythiolin may contribute to the observed clinical efficacy of these agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Value of and indications for noxythiolin in generalized peritonitis].

The favourable experience of M. BROWN with noxythiolin in fecal peritonitis has prompted us, over the last seven years, to use this product in all forms of generalized peritonitis. This study involved 187 cases of generalized peritonitis : 102 males and 85 females, whose mean age was 53 years. Noxythiolin was reserved for severe cases (after having deliberately decided not to perform a comparative control series), the severity being related to the advanced age of the patients, the delay in intervention, and preexisting disorders. It was used in the form of a peroperative lavage of the peritoneal cavity and a postoperative instillation. The overall survival (71 p. 100) and that observed in particular in peritonitis of colonic origin (58 p. 100), seem to be arguments in favour of the beneficial effect of the product. Noxythiolin contributes to the sterilization of the peritoneal cavity. By virtue of its efficacy, the simplicity of its use, and its innocuousness, it merits a place in the therapeutic arsenal for treatment of generalized peritonitis, in combination with systemic treatments.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Topical noxythiolin in colonic healing.

Rats were subjected to division and anastomosis of the colon just proximal to the rectum to study the healing of colonic anastomoses. The effect of noxythiolin irrigation of the divided colon before and after anastomosis was investigated and compared with controls. Healing was assessed using five variables--macroscopic and microscopic inspection, bursting pressure and tensile strength estimations and angiography for new vessel formation. The study shows that noxythiolin irrigation of the colon in the rat significantly increases the chance of a sound anastomosis without interfering with healing. Furthermore, it inhibits the formation of adhesions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Noxythiolin (Noxyflex), aprotinin (Trasylol) and peritoneal adhesion formation: an experimental study in the rat.

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that noxythiolin and aprotinin may prevent intraperitoneal adhesion formation. A comparison was therefore made of their efficacy in preventing the reformation of adhesions following surgical lysis in a controlled trial using rats. Neither noxythiolon nor aprotinin had any significant benefit over surgical lysis alone. The mortality rate was high in the noxythiolin-treated group.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Controlled trial of intravesical noxythiolin in the prevention of infection following outflow tract surgery.

A randomised control trial was undertaken in 100 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for outflow tract obstruction to assess the efficacy of noxythiolin in preventing post-operative bacteriuria; 1% noxythiolin or sterile water was instilled at the time of catheter removal. The incidence of bacteriuria in the treated group (7/50) was significantly lower than in the control group (19/50). This was statistically significant. This difference was more marked in patients who had been catheterised for retention of urine. There was no difference in the complication rate despite a reduction of infection in the treated group.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1986

An investigation of the in vitro anti-bacterial activity of noxythiolin against 1,000 pathogenic bacterial isolates.

The susceptibility of 1,000 recent bacterial isolates to noxythiolin was determined by the disc susceptibility method. No Gram-positive strains were resistant to this method but 56 (5.6%) of Gram-negative strains gave zones of inhibition of 12 mm diameter or less. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the latter were determined by the agar incorporation method. No strains had MIC values greater than 4096 mg/litre. Since concentrations of 50,000 mg/litre can be used for topical treatment, these organisms may be considered susceptible.

Bacteria↗