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The education and training of personnel auxiliary to dentistry. A submission to the Nuffield Foundation.

This paper, which is based on a submission to the Nuffield Report, is proposing that there should be an alternative route to qualification as a dental surgeon. This might consist of a series of graded clinical modules separated by periods of paid employment as a dental auxiliary. During those periods of employment the auxiliary would have to follow a distance learning programme consisting of appropriate academic modules. Licence for independent practice as a dental surgeon would be given on completion of this modular degree course.

Dental Auxiliaries↗

The first international meeting of the Research Initiative on Traditional Antimalarial Methods (RITAM).

The first international meeting of the Research Initiative on Traditional Antimalarial Methods (RITAM) was held at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre (RDTC) of the Tumaini University of Health Sciences, Moshi, Tanzania, on December 8-11, 1999. This Inaugural Meeting of RITAM, jointly hosted by the Global Initiative for Traditional Systems of Health (GIFTS) at Oxford University and the World Health Organization (WHO), was designed to develop a strategy for more effective, evidence-based use of traditional medicines that can also inform malaria-control policy decisions. RITAM was established during 1999 as a network of researchers and other people who are active or interested in the study and use of traditional, plant-based antimalarials. RITAM is a partnership between GIFTS of Health, University of Oxford and the Tropical Disease Research (TDR) Programme of WHO. Malaria is one of the key health issues affecting developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. With increasing drug resistance and the high cost of pharmaceutical drugs, the use of herbal antimalarials is popular. The conference was attended by biologic and social scientists, clinicians, traditional healers, and policy makers from Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The meeting was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Nuffield Foundation's Commonwealth Programme, WHO's TDR Programme, and direct support to delegates was provided by other funders. The meeting addressed the need for research and policy on the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of medicinal plants as well as on vector control and repellence. There were five main outputs from the meeting: (1) targets for making a significant contribution to the control of malaria through the use of traditional antimalarial methods; (2) methods for achieving these targets, including ethical guidelines; (3) an implementation strategy for moving this field ahead quickly and soundly and for putting research findings into practice; (4) linkages established between researchers working on traditional antimalarial methods, based on agreed research priorities and designed to avoid unnecessary replication; and (5) strengthening the RITAM database of current knowledge on traditional herbal antimalarial methods. Four specialist groups were established to develop the above: (1) policy, advocacy, and funding; (2) preclinical studies; (3) clinical development; and (4) repellance and vector control. These will be coordinated by an executive committee managed by GIFTS. Two meetings are planned in 2000: a natural-products chemistry meeting at WHO in Geneva, Switzerland, in June; and a symposium at the World Congress on Tropical Medicine in Cartagena, Colombia, in August.

Antimalarials↗

Ethical dilemmas in charging for care: contrasting the views of social work and legal professionals.

This article draws on the findings of a recent study funded by the Nuffield Foundation. The study explored attitudes, practices and policy in relation to charging and assessing older people who were considering entering residential and nursing home care. In five differing local authorities, a sample of social services practitioners (care managers) completed a postal questionnaire and interviews were held at a number of levels with staff. At the same time, independent legal practitioners in these areas, who are involved in advising older people, were surveyed and a small number of individual practitioners were interviewed. The focus of this article is on contrasting the attitudes and views of care managers and legal practitioners towards their work in relation to older people, finances and charging for long-term care. In particular, there will be an emphasis on the ethical dilemmas identified by the respondents from the different professions involved in the study.

Aged↗

Joined-up working' between early years professionals and speech and language therapists: moving beyond 'normal' roles.

This paper draws on research conducted for the Nuffield Foundation (Mroz et at, 2002) which looked at the knowledge, skills and confidence of early years professionals in relation to young children's speech and language development. Key findings from the project are reported in relation to the efficacy of initial and post-qualification training in preparing professionals for the identification and support of children with communication problems. The discussion centres around early years practitioners' experiences of working with speech and language therapists and the needs which they expressed, both for inter-professional training and for modes of working together.

Child↗

Health care: international comparisons.

A conference held at the College in July 1994 examined the wide range of health care systems employed around the world and their varying responses to the combined pressures of demographic change and increasing patient expectations in the face of anticipated unsustainable increases in financial demand. The meeting, which was planned by Professor Roger Williams, was jointly sponsored by the College, the NHS Management Executive, Glaxo Holdings plc, the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust and the Kohn Foundation.

Delivery of Health Care↗