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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Molecular-based evidence for school transmission of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among apparently healthy children attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Madrid (Spain).

UNLABELLED: Information on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and public health impact of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection in schoolchildren from high-income countries is scarce. This study investigated the occurrence of EAEC infections in apparently healthy children (0-12 years) attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Spain. High-resolution whole-genome sequencing typing was used to detect and trace back unnoticed episodes of transmission within school settings. An overall EAEC prevalence of 5.1% was observed, with children in the 0-3 age group showing the highest prevalence (24.2%). Besides their gastrointestinal potential, 17% of EAEC isolates revealed an additional urinary/systemic pathogenic potential. Presumptive outbreaks of EAEC infection were identified in two different nursery schools involving the endemic subtypes O126:H27-ST200 (15 children) and O111:H21-ST40 (12 children). Most affected children shared caregivers and common areas including activity, eating, sleeping, and diapering/toileting rooms. Direct person-to-person transmission was highly suspected, although foodborne transmission could not be completely ruled out. Six independent micro-foci of EAEC infections were additionally identified in five different infant and primary schools also involving O126:H27-ST200 (two children) and O111:H21-ST40 (three children), as well as O3:H2-ST10 (three children), O44:H18-ST1380 (two children and two siblings), and ONT:H33-ST34 (four children). No clear information was available on the sources of infection and transmission routes in these settings. CONCLUSION: Apparently healthy Spanish schoolchildren may be carriers and potential spreaders of certain EAEC subtypes with gastrointestinal/extra-intestinal pathogenic potential. While transmission within school settings appears to be the most likely explanation for the EAEC genomic clusters identified, particularly among toddlers, extra-school infections through alternative pathways cannot be entirely ruled out. WHAT IS KNOWN: • EAEC is increasingly considered as an important agent of domestically acquired paediatric diarrhoea in high-income countries. • Endemic EAEC subtypes differ between low- and high-income countries. WHAT IS NEW: • Apparently healthy children in high-income countries may be carriers and potential spreaders of certain EAEC subtypes with gastrointestinal/extra-intestinal pathogenic potential. • Transmission of endemic EAEC subtypes can occur within school settings, particularly during early childhood, without precluding other transmission modes.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Miliary tuberculosis in two infants after nursery exposure: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings.

Two infants born 4 days apart, and cared for in the same nursery, developed miliary tuberculosis at 2.5 and 5.5 months of age, respectively. A search for a source case among household contacts failed to reveal anyone with active tuberculosis. An epidemiologic study of nursery personnel revealed a nurse's aide with cavitary tuberculosis. Examination of 1,647 infants (98.9 per cent of all infants cared for in the nursery during the 10.5-month period preceding the discovery of the source case) failed to reveal any other infected children. Recommendations are made for tuberculosis control programs among nursery personnel that should be carefully and persistently followed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Infections due to gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain in a nursery for neonatal infants.

An apparently homogeneous strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin (Gmr), kanamycin, tobramycin, and sisomicin, but susceptible to amikacin and netilmicin, caused multiple infections in neonatal infants in a special care nursery. Nasal cultures revealed a high rate of carriage of the Gmr staphylococcus in infants without clinical infection. Segregating patients according to a modified cohort system and use of careful aseptic techniques led to apparent elimination of the Gmr strain. The resistance to aminoglycosides in this strain was mediated by an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase and a gentamicin phosphotransferase. Genetic determinants for these enzymes were borne on a circular covalently closed plasmid of approximately 11 megadaltons. These resistance determinants closely resemble those found in isolates of S. aureus that have caused nosocomial infections in patients in Europe.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed1992

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection prevailing among infants at a nursery school].

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection in infants had been considered to be very rare, but recently some clinical cases have been reported. We experienced an epidemic of M. pneumoniae infection in a nursery school, and compared M. pneumoniae infection in infants with that in preschool and school children to investigate the features of infantile M. pneumoniae infection. We obtained the following clinical findings in 15 infantile patients with M. pneumoniae infection: The maximum body temperature scarcely increased to 38.5 degrees C or more and the period of high temperature and cough was shorter in infant patients than in preschool and school aged patients. Stridor occurred in 4 patients but skin disorder was not observed. In the laboratory findings, the white blood cell count tended to increase with no changes in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and CRP increased slightly. M. pneumoniae antibody was negative in all the patients except 3 and old hemagglutination tests were positive in only 4 patients. The chest X-ray examinations showed a mild increase in the hilar shadow. However, the sequentially located homogeneous shadow which is commonly seen in preschool and school aged patients was not detected. M. pneumoniae antibody scarcely increased in infantile patients but M. pneumoniae was isolated by throat culture from 14 of the 15 patients who were diagnosed as having M. pneumoniae infection.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1975

Growth hormone and cortisol in neonates during phototherapy.

In 22 neonates plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol concentrations were measured during phototherapy which was administered because of hyperbilrubinemia. These values were compared to the hormone levels before and after therapy and to control values taken from healthy nursery infants. Phototherapy significantly increased GH concentrations to 195% plus or minus 108 (SD)(healthy control group = 100%). Cortisol was not found to be augmented. There was no correlation between GH and cortisol, nor between bilirubin and GH or cortisol. The mechanisms by which phototherapy induces GH increase are not evident. However, this may be due to constant covering of the eyes, deprivation of the day-night rhythm, or other environmental alterations that are brought about by incubator care.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1992

Prophylactic oral acyclovir in outbreaks of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community.

Oral acyclovir was given prophylactically to 37 children in the early stages of three outbreaks of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection and the results were compared with those in untreated control subjects in two other outbreaks. The rates of seroconversion to HSV were significantly reduced in children treated with acyclovir compared with control subjects (91% vs 27%, P less than .001). The incidence of symptomatic disease was also significantly reduced (82% vs 0%, P less than .001). In some children receiving prophylactic acyclovir, anti-HSV antibody titers did not rise despite the presence of replicative HSV on throat swabs just before the start of treatment. Restriction endonuclease analysis of isolated HSV-DNA confirmed that one strain was responsible for the five outbreaks. No resistance to acyclovir was detected during the study, and no adverse effects of treatment were noted. In conclusion, short-term prophylactic acyclovir may limit the spread and reduce clinical manifestations of HSV infections in closed communities, although this use should be restricted to communities where severe symptoms are observed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation of the state of the nonspecific resistance of the body in children in an organized collective].

Nonspecific body resistance was evaluated by 2 methods: the surface autoflora of the skin and the degree of autoimmune reaction were determined. An increase in the number of microorganisms in the autoflora (more than 40 colonies on the impression) and the number of cells secreting antibodies against autoerythrocytes suggested a decrease in body resistance against bacterial and viral infections (increased morbidity rate for respiratory and pyoinflammatory infections). The above methods make it possible to detect the weakest children in closed institutions and to carry out observation of such children with the implementation of the necessary prophylactic measures.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗