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[Nutritional disorders and primary health care. Analysis and strategic approach in the Mauritanian Adrar region].

Disorders of nutrition, prevalent in the Adrar (a region of Mauritania), as registered in the activities of care units in Atar and similar structures, involved in nutritional concerns are first, protein caloric malnutrition, with serious consequences in high infant mortality. Equally hazardous, Vitamin A deficiency results in serious ophthalmological complications (blindness). Anemia is a common problem among pregnant women. There is, moreover, obesity of a socio-cultural nature, whose pathological consequences should not be neglected. Target populations are children for malnutrition and vitamin deficiency, and adult women for obesity and anemia. In any case, it is in the wide-spread awareness of primary health care and community health that the disorders mentioned will be prevented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Nutritional disorders in adolescent girls.

Four hundred and fifty four adolescent girls (11-18 years) were screened for nutritional disorders by anthropometry (weight, height and triceps skinfold measurements), clinical examination and hemoglobin estimation. Of these, 56% belonged to high socio-economic groups (Group A) and the rest (44%) to lower middle class (Group B). A large number of girls from Group B were undernourished (35.5% had weight/height2 less than the fifth percentile of reference standard) stressing the need for nutritional screening, nutrition and health education. Obesity was prevalent in 3.1% of Group A adolescents. Goitre grade I or more was observed in a high proportion of Group B girls, stressing the need for continued consumption of iodized salt in Delhi. Anemia appears to be a major health problem in adolescent girls in both groups (47, 56% in Groups A and B, respectively) underlying the ned for iron supplementation along with health education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional disorders in HIV disease.

Reviewing the medical literature since 1981 show that patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) usually suffer from poor ingestion and absorption, increased excretion of nutrients, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and immunologic abnormalities which impair nutrition. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated opportunistic infections stimulate a broad and complex array of responses which include fever, hypermetabolism, leukocytosis, proteolysis of skeletal muscle, and synthesis, by the liver, of acute-phase reactant proteins and various intracellular enzymes. These responses increase gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, decrease albumin synthesis, and redistribute and/or sequester various trace elements. Infection-induced depletion of body nutrients serves to weaken host resistance. The deterioration of the nutritional status of these patients is likely to have an important effect on the course of the disease. It is thus evident that comprehensive management of HIV infection must include nutritional evaluation and treatment. When oral nutrition proves to be insufficient to maintain adequate intake, alternative routes must be considered. Selection of an appropriate nutritional support formula requires an evaluation of the absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the length of time required for nutritional repletion, costs, patient acceptance, and feasibility of at-home use. Nutritional support maximizes the ability of the AIDS patient to resist infection, may favor the response to medication by decreasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions, and may prolong the quality and productivity of life.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗