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Results for “Nutritional Physiological Phenomena”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Biochemical assessment of thiamine nutrition in childhood.

The activity of red cell transketolase and TPP-effect were determined in 1028 infants and children, aged 1 month to 14 years, using a micromethod. All the children were healthy and without evidence of malnutrition. Transketolase activity decreased in the second year of life, followed by a constant increase up to the 6th year. Activity did not change in the next four years, then a steady decrease occurred. TPP-effect was not as stable as transketolase activity, and decreased significantly from years 3 to 5 and increased significantly from years 5 to 7. Beginning with year 10, TPP-effect decreased gradually. 6.6% of all children investigated had marginally deficient TPP-effects and 1.3% were biochemically deficient without clinical signs of avitaminosis. A group of 37 adults had transketolase activities and TPP-effect comparable to those of the 13 year-olds. Effect appeared to be marginal in 5.4% and deficient in 2.7%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Nutritional status of long-stay geriatric in-patients: effects of a food supplement (Complan).

In a detailed nutritional study of 50 long-stay elderly patients, intakes of vitamins C and D and nicotinic acid were found to be sub-optimal compared to D.H.S.S. recommendations. Whole-food supplementation did not increase calorie, fat or carbohydrate intake, although it did increase protein, vitamins and minerals. However, it did not correct the intake of vitamins C and D and of nicotinic acid to those recommended by D.H.S.S. Supplementation affected neither serum albumin nor transferrin. No positive correlation could be established between physical disabilities and total dietary intake among these patients. However, the appearance of the skin improved and skin thickness increased in the supplemented patients and the blood urea diminished in them also.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Position paper on RDA for protein for children.

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) by the National Academy of Sciences are revised approximately every five years. The RDA are compromise opinions of highly qualified nutritional scientists based on interpretations of available data. As with any interpretations of available data. As with any, interpretations and opinions not found on definitive information, they are subject to challenges. The RDA for protein for 7-to 9-uear-old children have been adjusted downward from 60 g in 1958 to 36 g in 1974, a 40% reduction. Data from our laboratories have shown positive apparent nitrogen balances on intakes as low as 18 g daily when no allowances were made for integumental and other nitrogen losses, however, based on accumulative data over several years we calculate the protein requirement to be 45 g daily from a typical American diet. If a safety factor of 30% is added the allowance would become 58.5 g. Currently the RDA for protein for the 7- to 10-year-old child supplies 6% of the RDA for Calories which contrasts to 8.30 and 9.20% for adult males and females, respectively. For comparison, energy from protein as a percentage of total energy for some common foods are: white bread, 12%; corn meal 10%; white rice 7%; and wheat flour 13%.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Factors affecting aboriginal nutrition.

A description of the past and present mode of living of Aboriginals in the Northern Territory is followed by information on sources of food. Other factors which have affected the nutritional situation are described. The article concludes with a discussion on the philosophical and socioeconomic aspects of improving Aboriginal nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Physicians' opinions and counseling practices in maternal and infant nutrition.

Opinions and practices regarding maternal and infant nutrition of general practitioners, pediatricians, and obstetricians in the province of British Columbia were surveyed by mail questionnaires. Scores were significantly higher for physicians who: (a) Were female; (b) consulted with a nutritionist-dietitian; (c) had additional training; (d) attended continuing education programs; and (e) had studied nutrition in their medical school curriculum. Pediatricians' and obstetricians' practice scores were significantly higher than those of general practitioners. However, there were no significant differences among the nutrition opinion scores for the three groups of physicians.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗