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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of chickpea aqueous extracts, organic extracts, and protein concentrates on cell proliferation.

Pulses should be part of a healthy diet, and it is also becoming clear that they have health-promoting effects. Nevertheless, most studies on the bioactive or health-promoting properties of pulses have been carried out using soybeans. We have studied cell growth-regulating properties, which may be responsible for anti-cancer properties, in chickpea seeds. Chickpea seeds are a staple in the traditional diet of many Mediterranean, Asian, and South and Central American countries. In addition, chickpea seeds have industrial applications since they can be used for the preparation of protein concentrates and isolates. The cell lines Caco-2 (epithelial intestinal) and J774 (macrophages) have been exposed to chickpea seed extracts and protein preparations in order to screen the different chickpea fractions for effects on cell growth. Both cell growth-promoting and cell growth-inhibiting effects were found. Most interestingly, a fraction soluble in ethanol and acetone specifically and almost completely inhibited the growth of Caco-2 cells exhibiting a cancerous phenotype. It is concluded that chickpea seeds are a source of bioactive components and deserve further study for their possible anti-cancer effect.

Acetone↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of mouse mammary tumour virus antigens in RIII mice as detected by immunofluorescence on tissue sections and by immunoassays in sera and organ extracts.

Organs of RIII mice at various physiological stages were tested for mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) antigen expression. Indirect immunofluorescence was used with three monospecific antisera to localize one envelope glycoprotein, gp47, and two core proteins, p28 and p8. These virus-specific antigens gave characteristic fluorescent patterns in the mammary tissues and were also detected in thymus and salivary gland sections of some mice. The amounts of antigens gp47 and p28 were measured by immunoassay in sera and organ extracts of corresponding samples of mice. Sera of mice of both sexes contained virus antigens from the suckling age onwards. Although ingested virus could be traced in suckling mice, weanlings were characterized by the absence of virus expression except in lymph nodes. This location points to the possible role of lymphoid tissue in producing the antigens of the blood and in disseminating the infection. In adult animals, virus antigens were present in salivary glands, digestive tract, lymph nodes, male genital organs and female mammary glands. Antigen expression, even found in the mammary glands of virgin mice, was strikingly increased by pregnancy, lactation and (or) ageing, the highest values being found in mammary tumours. The results for milk-borne MMTV infection in RIII mice are compared with those obtained previously in Swiss albino mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Genotoxicity of PM10 and extracted organics collected in an industrial, urban and rural area in Flanders, Belgium.

The variation in the genotoxic potency of PM10 in vitro in relation to the particle source type was investigated. Particles were collected at one urban, one rural, and one industrial site in Flanders. Genotoxicity was assessed using four different in vitro test systems exposed to PM10 in suspension and to the organic extracts of PM10. Two of these systems were bacterial assays: the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the Vitotox test. In addition, the Comet assay and Micronucleus test were performed using human blood cells. Results show that exposure to PM10 and the organic extracts from both urban and industrial areas causes significant genetic damage. The Salmonella mutagenicity test was most suitable for the screening of PM10 and the organic extracts; the Micronucleus test was most suitable only for the screening of organic extracts, and original particles were toxic for the exposed lymphocytes. Clear dose-response curves were not established in the Comet and Vitotox assay, and organic extracts were apparently toxic in the latter. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of the organic extracts, as measured with GC/MS, ranged between 1 and 6 ng/m3. Results obtained in this study suggest that PM10 causes DNA damage and mutations. The use of biological tests for the screening of air samples is useful to complement air quality control by chemical measurements.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2003

EGFP as a fusion partner for the expression and organic extraction of small polypeptides.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used as an excellent reporter module of the fusion proteins. The unique structure of GFP allows isolation of the active fluorescent protein directly from the crude cellular sources by extraction with organic solvents. We demonstrated the stable expression of four short polypeptides fused to GFP in Escherichia coli cells, including antimicrobial cationic peptides, which normally kill bacteria. EGFP module protected fusion partners from the intracellular degradation and allowed the purification of the chimerical proteins by organic extraction. The nature of the polypeptide fused to GFP, as opposed to the order of GFP and the polypeptide modules in the fusion protein, influenced the efficiency of the described purification technique.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed2004

The antioxidant effects of aqueous and organic extracts of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Glehnia littoralis.

The roots of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Glehnia littoralis, Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla were extracted with an aqueous extraction method and also with an organic extraction method. The aqueous extracts of Glehnia littoralis and Codonopsis pilosula were the most potent in inhibiting erythrocyte hemolysis. The aqueous extracts of Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng had lower potencies while the aqueous extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and the organic extract of Panax quinquefolium were only weakly active. The organic extracts of Glehnia littoralis, Panax heterophylla and Panax quinquefolium were potent in inhibiting lipid peroxidation while the organic extracts of Codonopsis pilosula and Panax notoginseng had weaker potencies. The aqueous extracts possessed much lower potencies the corresponding organic extracts. However, the Glehnia littoralis extract was the most potent aqueous extract. The results suggest that Glehnia littoralis, Codonopsis pilosula, Panax notoginseng and Panax heterophylla are cheaper substitutes of Panax quinquefolium with regard to antioxidant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Separate and conjugated in vitro effects of clofibrate and of an organic extract of rat amniotic fluid on microperoxisomes of fetal mouse small intestine.

Separate and conjugated effects of clofibrate and of an organic extract of rat amniotic fluid (RAF) on microperoxisomal response were studied in 15-day-old fetal mouse small intestine in organ culture. At the light-microscopic level, DAB-positive microperoxisomes were not observed in intestinal explants cultured for 48 h with Trowell T8-medium either with (group 1) or without clofibrate (control group) or with the organic extract of RAF alone (group 2). In presence of both clofibrate and the organic extract (group 3), microperoxisomes were readily identified. At the fine structural level, microperoxisomes measured 150-175 nm in diameter in controls and in group 1 and 2. In group 3, numerous microperoxisomes measured up to 0.4 micron in diameter. Total and specific catalase activities exhibited significant decreases when intestinal segments were cultured solely in Trowell T8-medium for 48 h. Addition of clofibrate (1), or of the organic extract of RAF (2), or of both (3) to Trowell T8-medium induced significant increases in total and specific catalase activities: 1.43- and 1.40-fold (1), 2.12- and 2.66-fold (2) and 2.92- and 3.17-fold (3). These results indicate that an organic extract of RAF contains a factor that (a) induces the formation of intestinal microperoxisomes and (b) potentiates the action of clofibrate.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of organic extracts from standard reference materials 1649, 'urban dust/organics,' and 1650, 'diesel particulate matter', using a microsuspension assay. A WHO/IPCS/CSCM study.

Mutagenicity associated with replicate organic extracts from standard reference materials 1649 'urban dust/organics' (air particles), and 1650, 'diesel particulate matter' (diesel particles), was determined using a Salmonella microsuspension assay. The results indicate that the mutagenicity of samples such as these can readily be determined using the microsuspension assay with only 5% of the mass required for the standard plate incorporation assay. In general, 80% of the variation in mutagenic activity was due to the bioassay procedure and 20% to the extraction process. Extracts from both samples had primarily direct-acting mutagenicity as there were no significant differences in responses with and without metabolic activation (S9). The TA98-S9 mean air particles mutagenic activities (C.V., %) based on mass of extractable organics or particles were 4.4 (4.7%) and 0.29 (3.6%) revertants/micrograms, respectively, and for the diesel particles were 66 (44%) and 12 (29%) revertants/microgram, respectively. More of the observed direct-acting mutagenicity in the diesel particles extracts was due to nitro-substituted compounds because there were significant reductions in activity with TA98NR (45% of TA98 -S9) and TA98-1,8-DNP6 (21% of TA98 -S9). In the air particles extracts, the TA98NR activities were not significantly different from TA98 -S9 but the TA98-1,8-DNP6 levels were.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1990

SITE demonstration of the CF systems organic extraction process.

The CF Systems Organic Extraction Process was used to remove PCBs from contaminated sediment dredged from the New Bedford Harbor. This work was done as part of a field demonstration under EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The purpose of the SITE program is to provide an independent and objective evaluation of innovative waste remediation processes. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the SITE demonstration of this technology. Results of the demonstration tests show that the system, which uses liquefied propane, successfully removed PCBs from contaminated sediments in New Bedford Harbor. Removal efficiencies for all test runs exceeded 70 percent. Some operational problems occurred during the demonstration which may have affected the efficiency with which PCBs were removed from the dredged sediment. Large amounts of residues were generated from this demonstration project. Costs for using this process are estimated to be between $150/ton and $450/ton.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Induction of rat hepatic P4501A1 by organic extracts from airborne particulate matter in Santiago, Chile.

1. Organic extracts from particulate matter collected in downtown Santiago, Chile, in 1990 were administered to female Wistar rats. 2. Extracts shifted the maximal absorption wavelength P450 spectra of the reduced-CO complex of hepatic microsomal P450 from 450 to 448 nm, and enhanced the total content of P450. In addition, substantial increases in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities were observed, whereas aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was not affected by treatment. 3. Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies against P4501A isozymes showed the appearance of a distinct and intense P4501A1 band in microsomes from rat pretreated with air particle extracts, and was not observed in microsomes from control rat. On the other hand, the intensity of the P4501A2 isoenzyme was apparently not affected. 4. These findings suggest that the organic extracts from airborne particulate matter modify the composition of rat liver P450 isozymes by inducing those isoforms responsible for the activation of precarcinogenic to carcinogenic agents.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1983

Mutagenic and clastogenic effects of organic extracts from the Athenian drinking water.

Organic extracts of chlorinated drinking water collected from the water distribution system of Athens, Greece, were tested in parallel for their ability to cause mutations in the Salmonella His+ reversion system and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells. They were found to induce His+ revertants in frequencies similar to those detected previously with drinking water extracts from other areas around the world. We observe that organic samples from surface drinking water induce SCE and chromatid type abnormalities in CHO cell cultures while samples collected from ground drinking water did not. These findings confirm that chlorinated surface drinking water contains substances which are mutagenic and clastogenic and may be carcinogenic in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mutagenicity of organic extracts from Canadian drinking water in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay.

Organic extracts of chlorinated Ontario drinking water samples have been found to induce mutation and lethality in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome histadine reversion assay. Collections of water were made at water treatment plants in five municipalities in June 1978. To determine the reproducibility of the positive mutagenic effects found, a second sampling at the same plants was performed in September 1978. Preparation of extracts involved passing 200 liter samples through XAD-2 resin columns which were eluted with a mixture of hexane and acetone, and the eluent was evaporated to dryness. For those extracts with sufficient organic matter, dose-related increases in mutagenicity were observed. Extracts of untreated water from a river and a well were weakly mutagenic.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1996

Accumulation of extractable organic halogens (EOX) by the freshwater mussel, Anodonta cygnea L., exposed to chlorine bleached pulp and paper mill effluents.

Freshwater mussels, Anodonta cygnea L., were collected in a lowly polluted area in north-eastern France, and exposed during 28 days at three sites up and downstream of a chlorine bleached pulp and paper mill effluent Water, sediment and mussel samples were collected at regular intervals and analyzed for halogenated organic residues using the sum parameters AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halogen) and EOX (Extractable Organic Halogen). The survey of the water showed a chronic contamination by organic halogens of the water and the sediment downstream of the pulp and paper mill sewer. Mussels exposed upstream of the mill showed no significant variation of their EOX tissue concentration. In contrast, progressive accumulation of EOX occurred with the exposure time in mussels exposed downstream of the mill. No steady state of the EOX concentration was observed after four weeks of exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Organic extraction of Pi with isobutanol/toluene.

Direct determination of [32P]Pi by organic extraction is an efficient and versatile method for assaying phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide phosphatases and ATPases. Analysis of free [32P]Pi by the procedure of J. B. Martin and D. M. Doty [(1949) Anal. Chem. 21, 965-967] has been modified to employ isobutanol/toluene in place of isobutanol/benzene. Extraction with either toluene or xylene equaled that with benzene. A complete characterization of the extraction procedure, which has been scaled down to a volume suitable for most enzyme assays, shows that it is accurate, rapid, and sensitive to as little as 1 pmol [32P]Pi. The phosphomolybdate complex is extracted reproducibly and quantitatively in the absence and presence of protein (1-8 mg/ml). In addition, sample volumes of 4 to 100 microliter were extracted with equal efficiency. Benzene offers no advantages over toluene and presents a considerably greater health risk. The experiments demonstrate conclusively that toluene can and should be employed in place of benzene in the organic extraction of Pi.

Benzene↗