Directory of otolaryngologic societies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Directories as Topic↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “OTOLARYNGOLOGY”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Directory of otolaryngologic societies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Directories as Topic↗
Directory of otolaryngologic societies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Directories as Topic↗
Guide for the evaluation of hearing handicap. American Academy of Otolaryngology, Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium; Americal Council of Otolaryngology, Committee on the Medical Aspects of Noise.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
Applied teaching concepts of animated motion slides in otolaryngology.
Motion is an essential part of otolaryngologic function, and an understanding of concepts of motion is critical in teaching otolaryngology. Standard movie projection devices have intrinsic defects, such as considerable expense to make, complexity of operation, and a lack of flexibility. Slide projection transparencies (2X2) offer instructional flexibility but could not be used to project motion until recently. Using applications of gelatin films of images with polarizing light, we have been able to produce an illusion of motion similar to that used in creating the motion in cartoons. We have produced a series of slides for instructional purposes to show concepts in otolaryngology.
Audiovisual Aids↗
Otolaryngology manpower revisited.
In the December issue of the Archives, Nickerson et al published an article on the manpower resources of otolaryngology based on a report released in 1975. The conclusion reached by Nickerson and co-workers was that otolaryngology had a manpower pool too big for present and near future needs. This article was followed by a press release by the American Medical Association that endorsed the statements of the Archives article and in which Nickerson et al were quoted that no more otolaryngologists were needed from the training programs for some years. These statements were in sharp disagreement with the findings of the manpower studies carried out by another group in 1973-1975. Because the two surveys employed different statistical approaches, this article has been written to present the methods employed and to discuss the merits of the conclusions reached in each.
Adenoidectomy↗
Otolaryngologic presentation of tic-like disorders.
Common otolaryngologic symptoms such as coughing and sneezing may not be manifestations of disease of the upper respiratory tract. Two cases are reported in which these symptoms were the first evidence of tic-like disorders. A short discussion of one such disorder, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, is presented. The entity of paroxysmal sneezing is also mentioned. It is pointed out that, in the absence of otolaryngologic disease, these disorders may first present to an otolaryngologist for diagnosis.
Child↗
Sophisticated radiology in otolaryngology. II. Diagnostic imaging: non-roentgenographic (non x-ray) modalities (ultrasound, nuclear medicine, thermography).
Newer forms of radiologic diagnostic imaging now include non-roentgenographic modalities such as ultrasound, nuclear medicin, and thermography, all of which can be applied to otolaryngology. It is the purpose of this presentation to demonstrate these modalities, and indicate their clinical application, yet in its earliest stages, to otolaryngology.
Adult↗
CO2 laser as a clinical tool in otolaryngology.
The CO2 laser has been used in a variety of lesions for two and one half years in areas other than the larynx. These lesions include viral papillomas, leukoplakias and erosive lichen planus in various otolaryngological sites. Laser therapy is compared with other modalities of treatment for similar lesions and the advantages and disadvantages of this type treatment is evaluated.
Adult↗
The Campomelic syndrome. Temporal bone histopathologic features and otolaryngologic manifestations.
The campomelic syndrome is characterized by dwarfism, craniofacial anomalies, bowing of the tibiae and femora, cutaneous dimpling overlying the tibial bend, respiratory distress, and early death. Otolaryngologic manifestations include flat facies with a broad nasal bridge, low-set ears, cleft palate, mandibular hypoplasia, and tracheobronchial malacia. The underlying pathologic feature appears to be disturbance in cartilage growth involving the affected bones and the respiratory tract cartilage. The cause is unknown. We report clinical and histopathologic features in two cases of this syndrome. The endochondral layer of the otic capsule contained no cartilage cells. The cochlea was short and flattened, presenting a scala communis. The vestibule and the canals were deformed by bone invasion. Defective endochondral ossification of the petrooccipital synchondroses possibly explains the shortened skull base seen in this syndrome. The tracheobronchial malacia significantly contributes to respiratory distress and neonatal death.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Immunodeficiency in pediatric otolaryngology.
The relationship between the individual's aerodigestive tract and the external environment is a delicate balance maintained by a competent immune system. An understanding of the immune system and the various immune defects thus enables the practitioner to diagnose and treat an otherwise unrecognized cause of recurrent respiratory and ear infections. In this article a review of the immune system is presented. The structure and function of cell mediated and humoral immunity as well as the corresponding deficiency states are discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on immunity as it relates to the air and food passages and the ear. All charts of patients with immune deficiency seen at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were reviewed. Thirty patients were found to be immunodeficient. Hypogammaglobulinemias accounted for 50.0 per cent, IgA deficiency accounted for 33.3 per cent, and chemotactic defects occurred in 13.3 per cent. All patients exhibited some type of otolaryngologic disease, characterized by frequent infections of the middle ear, upper respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, or lungs. Because of this pattern of presentation, the otolaryngologist should be aware of these disorders and participate in their diagnosis and treatment.
Adult↗
Xanthoma disseminatum: its otolaryngological manifestations.
The otolaryngological manifestations of xanthoma disseminatum are discussed. A case is reported in which the voice was recovered by a laryngofissure operation. The author believes that this is the first occasion on which this operation has been performed for this condition.
Adult↗
Comparison of I.M. pethidine, diazepam and flunitrazepam as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery.
Pethidine 1 mg kg-1, diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and flunitrazepam 0.02 mg kg-1 i.m. wer compared as premedicants in a double-blind study in 145 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Both flunitrazepam and pethidine had an anxiolytic effect in the children of less than 5 yr whereas diazepam had little effect. All of the drugs were anxiolytic in the children aged 5 yr and older. Sleep following thiopentone was restless more often in the younger than in the older children. Cardiovascular responses to thiopentone and to tracheal intubation were most obvious following benzodiazepines in children of less than 5 yr. After anaesthesia 10--33% of the older children could not recall pictures shown to them before anaesthesia. Forty-five (+/-SD 13) min after injection, the concentration of diazepam in serum was similar in both age groups; after 90 min it decreased in the younger and increased in the older children. All concentrations of flunitrazepam were significantly greater in the older compared with the younger children.
Adolescent↗
Quality of care: a tracer diagnosis study of acute otitis media, comparing a district paediatric service with paediatric and otolaryngology emergency departments.
Acute otitis media was used as a tracer condition for comparing patient care as regards patient satisfaction, compliance and medical outcome in a district paediatric office, an otolaryngological and a paediatric hospital emergency department. The initial work-up of the 216 patients studied at the three units was in good agreement with predefined standards. However, while the district paediatrician arranged a follow-up for all patients, the hospitals did so only in 10--30% of the visits. Parent satisfaction was significantly higher at the district office when the time spent waiting and the time the patient was with the doctor were kept constant. Urinary penicillin was not detected in 1/17 of district paediatric and in 6/19 of otological patients. Compliance with follow-up was also much higher at the district paediatrician. Medical outcome did not differ between the units. The majority of the parents expressed preference for the type of care given in a neighbourhood service. It is suggested that the criteria for adequate treatment of acute otitis media adapted for emergency departments may be revised in case easy access is provided to a medical centre offering continuity of care and proper follow-up. Studies of the quality of care have so far not managed to demonstrate a definite and positive relationship between the process of care, patient satisfaction and final medical results.
Adult↗
Subacute thyroiditis. A diagnosis in otolaryngology.
Subacute thyroiditis is often unrecognized and patients may be treated for pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media or similar disorders connected with otolaryngology. It is conceivable that these patients may seek treatment in ENT departments. The difficulties encountered in making a correct diagnosis are illustrated here on the basis of 12 consecutive cases. Eight of these patients were initially misdiagnosed resulting in useless therapy. Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limiting illness, and permanent myxoedema is rare. Nevertheless, one case with this sequela is reported.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Biophysical considerations of laser surgery and the application in otolaryngology (author's transl)].
In the paper biological mechanisms of laser radiation on tissue are summerized. The specific features of different types of lasers are considered, e.g. wavelength. Focussing problems to rise the power density are described. The advantages and disadvantages of laser surgery are discussed. It is shown that the laser is well suited for an otolaryngological microsurgery. The present applications in otolgaryngology consist of about 25 papers which are evaluated and concentrated. Later surgery of the larynx is of special interest. Many clinical applications have been performed. Further experimental work exists in the region of the oral and nasal cavities, of the face and the neck. Some basic research without clinical application has been performed on the cochlea and the semicircular canals. The advantages of laser surgery are e.g. lack of blood, high precision, good healing of the wound.
Humans↗
[Clinical Investigations about the behaviour of pulmonary respiration and cardiovascular circulation after the application of Rohypnol for basis-sedation for microsurgical operations in otolaryngology in local anesthesia (author's transl)].
The influence of analog-sedation on pulmonary respiration and cardiovascular circulation caused by the action of pentazocine/flunitrazepam respectively in microsurgical operations under local anesthesia in otolaryngology is investigated in two collectives of patients. The results are presented and the hazards, especially the hypoxemia and its avoidance are discussed.
Anesthesia, Local↗
Bone scanning in otolaryngology.
Modern radionuclide bone scanning has introduced a new concept in physiologic and anatomic diagnostic imaging to general medicine. As otolaryngologists must diagnose and treat disease in relation to the bony and/or cartilaginous supporting structures of the neurocranium and upper airway, this modality should be included in the otolaryngologist's diagnostic armamentarium. It is the purpose of this manuscript to study the specific applications of bone scanning to our specialty at this time, based on clinical experience over the past three years. This thesis describes the development of bone scanning in general (history of nuclear medicine and nuclear physics; history of bone scanning in particular). General concepts in nuclear medicine are then presented; these include a discussion of nuclear semantics, principles of radioactive emmissions, the properties 99mTc as a radionuclide, and the tracer principle. On the basis of these general concepts, specific concepts in bone scanning are then brought forth. The physiology of bone and the action of the bone scan agents is presented. Further discussion considers the availability and production of the bone scan agent, patient factors, the gamma camera, the triphasic bone scan and the ultimate diagnostic principle of the bone scan. Clinical applications of bone scanning in otolaryngology are then presented in three sections. Proven areas of application include the evaluation of malignant tumors of the head and neck, the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, the diagnosis of facial fractures, the evaluation of osteomyelitis, nuclear medicine imaging of the larynx, and the assessment of systemic disease. Areas of adjunctive or supplementary value are also noted, such as diagnostic imaging of meningioma. Finally, areas of marginal value in the application of bone scanning are described.
Bone and Bones↗