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Results for “Obstetrical Forceps”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[The inventors of the obstetric forceps and the obstetric lever].

A multiple lineage is proposed for the invention of the obstetric forceps. Having been conceived by a member of the Chamberlen family in fifteenth- or seventeenth-century England, the instrument seems to have been reinvented in Flanders by Jan Palfyn and in Holland by Rogier Roonhuyse. Later, Roonhuyse invented a more effective instrument for coping with the impacted head: the obstetric lever. Palfyn's "Iron Hands" inspired Dussé to produce the "French" forceps which bears his name.

Belgium↗

PubMed1992

Contralateral occipital depression related to obstetric forceps injury to the eye.

Obstetric forceps pressure strong enough to leave a periorbital depression and corneal injury would probably be severe enough to leave an occipital depression from the opposite forceps blade. The presence of a depression at the correct occipital position would support the diagnosis of forceps injury when the birth history is unknown and the cornea has decompensated enough to make observation of the Descemet's membrane scrolls difficult. We studied six patients with known or suspected obstetric forceps injury to the cornea. Complete ocular examinations included examination for periorbital forceps depressions and posterior skull depressions 180 degrees from the affected cornea (which correlates with the opposite blade of the forceps). All of the patients with Descemet's scrolls had posterior skull depressions. This method of palpation for a contralateral skull depression may assist in the diagnosis of forceps-induced corneal decompensation.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[A new obstetric forceps: the Bamberger divergent forceps (author's transl)].

A new obstetric forceps is presented which has been used since April 1975 in 52 cases for outlet forceps deliveries. The model is a divergent forceps with the rotational axis in the posterior 1/3. The forceps is applied as usual. The shanks do not cross. The distance between the blades is variable by a mechanism in the handle with an automatic stopping mechanism. Pressure on the fetal head is largely avoided. Our experience has shown that this forceps has advantages over the types of forceps in common usage.

Female↗

PubMed1988

A device for measurement of radius of curvature of obstetric forceps.

Details of the design of obstetric forceps are important to ensure that they can be used safely for mother and baby. One of the most important measurements is the radius of the cephalic curve of the blades since if this is inappropriate there will be a poor grip on the baby's head and risk of slippage, superficial injury or even intracranial haemorrhage and brain damage because of undue compression. Because of the complex design of the forceps blades, which have a pelvic curve as well as a cephalic curve and a fenestra, the radius of the cephalic curve is difficult to measure. A device was designed to facilitate this measurement and was found to be accurate and reliable in use. This was the first stage in the study to assess the suitability for modern practice of instruments designed many years ago.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1991

A randomized comparison of assisted vaginal delivery by obstetric forceps and polyethylene vacuum cup.

The assisted vaginal delivery methods of rigid obstetric forceps and polyethylene vacuum cup extraction were compared in a prospective, randomized study. The 99 women studied had all completed 35 full weeks' gestation, required attempted assisted vaginal delivery, and were randomly assigned to either attempted forceps or vacuum-assisted delivery. All presentations were cephalic, with stations ranging from +1 to +4. Neonates were evaluated at 24 hours by neonatal staff. The infants underwent intracranial ultrasound screening during the first 24 hours of life and ophthalmologic examination within 48 hours. Vaginal delivery was successful with the intended method in 83% of vacuum-assisted deliveries and in 78% of forceps deliveries (not statistically significant). Neonatal retinal hemorrhage was found in 17 and 38% (P less than .043) of the randomized forceps and vacuum deliveries, respectively. No intraventricular hemorrhage was found. Apart from associations between vacuum-assisted delivery and mild hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal retinal hemorrhage (of uncertain clinical significance), and between assisted forceps delivery and an increased potential for facial injury, neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly. Maternal outcomes also did not differ significantly. No significant differences in safety or efficacy were found between polyethylene cup vacuum extraction and rigid obstetric forceps-assisted vaginal delivery in this population of predominantly low-pelvic assisted deliveries. Patients delivered by sequential use of forceps after vacuum or by vacuum after failed forceps application did not suffer significantly increased morbidity relative to those delivered by forceps or vacuum alone. Use of alternate or sequential methods allowed an overall cesarean rate of 3% in this population.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1990

The obstetric forceps--are we using the appropriate tools?

A total of 166 pairs of obstetric forceps of three different types in regular use in two major obstetric units was measured and compared with manufacturers' master instruments and drawings. As well as linear measurements of blade, shank and handle the distances between the tips and maximum distance between the blades, and the mean radius of the cephalic curve were determined. The purpose of the study was to assess the suitability of instruments in common use for present day practice. It was found that the measurements differed significantly from the original descriptions and there were wide variations between instruments of the same type, even when supplied by the same manufacturer. In some cases the blades had not been packed in matching pairs in the Central Sterile Supplies Department. It is suggested that critical reappraisal of the forceps in current use in many obstetric units is overdue. As well as a need for reconsidering the type of forceps used the dimensions of individual pairs should be checked.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1977

[Mechanical action of obstetrical forceps on the fetal skull].

By means of schematic illustrations we demonstrate the working point of the power of labour, obstetrical forceps and vacuum extractor, The bones of the fetal skull are by sutures movable fastened together. Every extraction so will rise the intracranial pressure of the fetus, because the resistance of the birth canal tissues must be overcome. This for the extraction needed power and rising of the intracranial pressure is independent from the instrument with which the extraction is carried out. It is impossible to make a "cage" around the fetal head with the Shute forceps during extraction, to protect the fetal head from the extraction power. Another question is, that some instruments (included vacuum extractor) can limit the used power. By using forcipes with crossed lock without fixation the forces for extraction are not limited and there is a need of better operative technic. By the comparison of the forcipes from Shute, Naegele and Zweifel we can summarize, that for success is decided the indication and good operative technic and not the instrument. Every instrument for vaginal extraction has advantages and disadvantages in different obstetrical situations.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1989