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Results for “Occupational Status--changes”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Psychological, behavioral and occupational status changes after an aortocoronary bypass intervention].

BACKGROUND. Studies on the quality of life after coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) have yielded discordant results. Several studies have described psychological and social improvements while others have reported a lack of change in behavioural risk factors and return to work. There have been no reports on Italian patients, and, because of the wide range of psychological measures used in previous studies, it is difficult to draw any general conclusions. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological sequelae of CABG. METHODS. A total of 164 patients (142 men and 22 women, aged 60 years) with myocardial ischemia, completed the CBA-H Questionnaire 3-5 days before elective CABG and again after 6 months. RESULTS. State anxiety scores were lower after surgery (p < .000) as were health fears (p < .000), depression (p < .009) and life stress (p < or = .000) scores. There were also improvements in well-being (p < .003), affective relationships (p < .000) and sexual relations (p < .0007). There was a decline in behavioural risk factors, namely: smoking behaviour (p < .09), alcohol consumption (p < .002), over-eating (p < .0000) and sedentary life-style (p < .02). Clinical post-operative complications did not negatively influence patients' psychological state and return to work. Preoperative health fears (p < .04) and social anxiety (p < .02) did influence patients' return to work. CONCLUSIONS. In conclusion, psychosocial function, health state and quality of the life generally improved after elective CABG. Return to work was found to be an unreliable measure of the success of surgery. Pre- and post-operative data revealed a general denial trait which identifies patients at greater risk of cardiovascular events after CABG.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Occupation characteristics in affective disorders.

One hundred and fifty-four consecutively evaluated new and return psychiatric outpatients were examined by the same interviewer using a detailed, precoded questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research proposed by Feighner et al. Affective disorders were present for 75% of the patients and were associated with a history of past employment at a declared occupation, inactive occupation status, and recent occupation status change. Sixty patients with diagnoses of primary affective disorders and 56 patients with diagnoses of secondary affective disorders were identified and studied. The primary affective disorder was associated with higher level and longer held occupations with fewer changes of occupation activity status than was the secondary affective disorder. Forty-one patients with diagnoses of unipolar primary affective disorders and 19 patients with diagnoses of bipolar primary affective disorders were examined. The unipolar illness was associated with a shorter duration of occupation type and less permanent unemployment than was the bipolar illness.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1975

A clinical appraisal of patients following long-term contraception.

This study presents a clinical evaluation of private patients between the ages of 16 and 40 who have used contraceptive measures from January 1, 1961, through December 31, 1973. The clinical evaluation involves 3,746 private patients. The contraceptive methods of 641 patients (17 per cent) who have been bollowed for a total of 99,996 months (13 years each) are presented and analyzed. The patients are evaluated as to weight, blood pressure, pregnancy, pap smears. laboratory changes, pelvic surgery, breast surgery, incidence of cancer, contraceptive failures and changes in contraceptive practices over this span of time. This paper evaluates the role of such sociologic factors as education, religion, economic level, occupation, working status, changing marital status, age at the time of contraceptive choice, and the attitude of the husband with regard to long-term contraceptive therapy. Side effects have been well publicized. Safety has been questioned but essentially proved for the vast majority of the patients. Collected data enable some insight into the life style and motivation of the long-term contraceptive users.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modernization and status change among aged men and women.

This study investigates the differences between the relationship between elderly occupational status and modernization for men and women. Consonant with previous findings, it finds that economic development is associated with relative losses of elderly men in professional and technical occupations. Augmenting those findings, however, it finds an even stronger association between development and such losses for women. In accounting for the differences, several explanations are advanced and tested, using data from fifty-one nations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of occupational allergic rhinitis.

The diagnosis of occupational rhinitis (OR) must be better confirmed than in allergic rhinitis of other aetiology. A provocation test is required to confirm the causality between the disease and the work exposure. The purpose of this study has been to examine the feasibility of active anterior rhinomanometry and visual analogue scale in the diagnostics of OR, and to compare the results of these measurements to a nasal status change score. The study subjects have been 50 consecutive patients suspected of having OR. Altogether 148 bilateral nasal provocation tests (NPTs), 55 placebo- and 93 allergen-NPTs, have been done. Based on the change in the nasal status and change in the nasal airway resistance (NAR), there are 42 positive NPTs. Although overlapping between placebo and allergen provocations exists, an increase of > 50% in NAR is recommended to regard the result as positive in NPT. The evaluation of the nasal reaction in the NPT is mainly based on anterior rhinoscopy and the change in the status score, but OR diagnostics should also include some physiological measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The independence and stability of socioeconomic predictors of morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) morbidity and socioeconomic status (SES) at 5 centers. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who met American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were randomly sampled at each center, balancing by race and insurance status. Subjects were interviewed for current and past SES factors, such as insurance, occupation, employment, education, and income. SLE disease activity was measured by the SLE Activity Measure (SLAM). RESULT: Higher education, private insurance/Medicare, and higher income were associated with less disease activity at diagnosis. Controlling for SES, race, and center, the best predictors of less active disease at diagnosis were private insurance/Medicare (P = 0.002) and higher education (P = 0.007). From the time of diagnosis to the study visit (mean 3.5 years), insurance, income, and employment status changed for a significant number of subjects (37%, 16%, and 21%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Private insurance or Medicare and higher education are associated with less active disease at diagnosis of SLE. Health insurance, income, and employment status are unstable measures of socioeconomic status and may explain the variability in conclusions of previous studies on the role of SES in SLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Quantitative analysis of rat behavior patterns in a residential maze.

A method for monitoring spontaneous locomotor patterns of rats during one day is described. The animals' locomotion is registered in a residential maze by 18 optical gates connected to a computer. Status changes of each optical gate are stored on a disk file and can be retrieved for complete session reconstruction and data analysis. The general features of a rat's behavior in the maze are discussed. Quantitative analyses and statistical comparisons between two sessions spaced two weeks apart and between a group of 4 control animals and 4 rats treated in utero with methylmercury chloride are performed. Following parameters are analysed as functions of time and maze location: locomotor and local activity, occupational duration and time per visit in the maze compartments. Angular dependences of path decisions and regional preferences of crossing at the alley bifurcations are observed. No changes of the measured parameters can be observed between the first and second sessions. Methylmercury treatment results in a consistently lower local activity during the night period and in differences of path preferences.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Criminal responsibility and solvent exposure.

This case report contains the history of a man's exposure to benzene, trichloroethylene, and toluene. J suffered acutely from classic symptoms of toxic exposure to these compounds, such as fatigue, clumsiness, staggering, and hematopoietic depression. During his medical hospitalization, he was exposed to further organic insults, such as being treated with medications like Cytoxan and medications to treat an abscess in his right parietal lobe. After the acute exposure and after the abscess had resolved, his functioning on neuropsychological testing was still depressed, as he had a Full Scale IQ of 105, whereas at the time of the forensic evaluation he had a Full Scale IQ of 114. It would therefore appear that he did have some mild deficits when originally discharged from the hospital. While he reported having continual mental status changes at the time of the offense and even at the time of the forensic evaluation, it was not felt that these played a significant role in the commission of the offense. Comprehensive forensic evaluation suggested that psychological reactions to his illness and an underlying personality disorder were more direct contributors to the criminal acts. J was therefore recommended and ultimately found to be responsible for his behavior, according to the law.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Bronchial responsiveness and five-year FEV1 decline: a study in miners and nonminers.

Increased nonspecific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) may be a risk factor for the development of chronic airflow obstruction. We evaluated this hypothesis in a cohort of 378 underground coal miners and working nonminers. Methacholine testing was performed at the beginning and end of a 5-yr study period. Spirometry was repeated at 6-mo intervals and individual 5-yr FEV1 slopes were calculated by linear regression. Relationships between FEV1 slopes and NSBR were examined using multiple linear regression models, controlling for FEV1 level, smoking, and mining. Increasing NSBR at the initial survey was associated with a somewhat greater rate of subsequent FEV1 decline. Methacholine responders at the final survey had a considerably increased rate of decline during the previous years. Responsiveness status changed over the 5 yr in 22% of the subjects. Both the development and persistence of increased NSBR were strongly associated with higher rates of FEV1 decline. In contrast, FEV1 declines were not accelerated among workers with increased NSBR that reverted to normal. Smoking and mining were both independently associated with FEV1 declines, but did not substantially modify the effect of NSBR. Due to its variability over time, NSBR testing predicts lung function decline only in some individuals, and its value as a prognostic test for chronic airway disorders is limited. Because improvement in bronchial hyperresponsiveness was associated with a reduction in the rate of FEV1 loss, interventions directed at preventing or reducing nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness should be investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Health status and medical expenditures: more evidence of a link.

The hypothesis that one must include life-style changes in order to accurately capture the true relationship between medical expenditures and health status is explored, using data from 22 countries over a 20-year period. A simultaneous model is estimated using a variety of indicators for life style as well as health status. Changes in life style, aging of the population and changes in occupational risk are modeled as influences on medical expenditures: medical expenditures and changes in life style are modeled as having direct influences on health status. The results are consistent with the existence of a positive link between medical expenditures and health status.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of counselling over 1 year on changes in lifestyle and coronary heart disease risk factors.

Many have studied the effects of different lifestyles on disease, mortality or risk factors for a disease, but little is known about how behaviour is changed in the population. We studied the need for counselling and its effect on willingness and ability to change lifestyle, and subsequent changes in CHD risk factors. All 152 male employees in a computer company, 25-45 years of age, were invited to participate. Subjects were randomized into an intervention group (I-group) and a control group. The I-group was divided into subgroups based on baseline behaviour and risk factor status. Changes were evaluated after 1 year. After an initial health examination, participants from the I-group were counselled at baseline and after 5 months. Eighty-five (56%) males participated. Twenty-nine were assigned to a control group and 56 to an intervention group (I-group) (dropout = 8). An exercise group (E-group) was advised to exercise aerobically three times/week, a diet group to reduce the intake of saturated fat and increase fish products, and smokers to quit smoking. Forty subjects were recommended one or more behavioural changes and eight had no need. Thirty-four were willing to make behavioural changes. Compared to the control group, the fitness level increased (P < 0.01) and body weight decreased in the I-group (P < 0.05). It may be concluded that individual counselling promotes regular exercise with subsequent improvements in CHD risk factors. The diet- and smoking counselling models were less successful in terms of adherence.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mini-Mental State Examination, cognitive FIM instrument, and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment: relation to functional outcome of stroke patients.

OBJECTIVES: To compare 3 cognitive tests, used on admission, for predicting discharge functional outcome and to assess the efficacy of these tests in predicting functional outcome at discharge in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Geriatric rehabilitation department of a tertiary care hospital in Israel. PATIENTS: Sixty-six patients undergoing acute inpatient comprehensive rehabilitation after first clinical stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive status was assessed with the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the cognitive subscale of the FIM instrument. The FIM motor subscale was used to assess functional outcome status. Functional gain was determined by the motor FIM gain (efficacy), and the relative (to potential) functional gain was determined by the Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score. Efficiency was calculated by efficacy divided by the length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A significant increase in total FIM scores (34.8 points) occurred during rehabilitation mainly because of improvement in motor functioning (31.5 points). Significant improvement in global cognitive status was documented by all 3 tests. Intertest correlation coefficients ranged between.47 and.67. The LOTCA showed somewhat higher correlation coefficients with most of the parameters of functional motor outcomes. Correlation between the MMSE and FIM cognitive subscale and these outcome parameters were nearly identical. CONCLUSION: The LOTCA is slightly better than the MMSE and the FIM cognitive subscale in predicting functional status change after stroke rehabilitation but it is a time-consuming and exhausting instrument to use. The FIM cognitive subscale requires a better overall understanding of the patient's situation at time of administration and therefore is less convenient for the initial assessment. The similar correlation of all 3 tests with functional outcomes and the simplicity of administration of the MMSE suggests its use in the initial assessment of stroke patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in health risks among the participants in the United Auto Workers--General Motors LifeSteps Health Promotion Program.

PURPOSE: To examine health risk changes among participants of a multicomponent worksite health promotion program. DESIGN: A study using health risk changes among health risk appraisal (HRA) participants linked to program participation records. Baseline risk and participation in multiple programs were examined in relation to risk change in multivariate models. SETTING: Worksite health promotion programming sponsored by the United Auto Workers (UAW) and General Motors (GM). SUBJECTS: Active employees (12,984) who voluntarily participated in an HRA in each of two program years. INTERVENTION: The nationwide program was a mailed HRA and a 1-800 nurse line. A pilot program (implemented in two cities) added screening, wellness programs, a materials resource, and, for high risk participants, health coaching and vouchers for medical office visits. MEASURES: Using 13 selected health risk factors from the HRA, changes in overall health risks were measured as program outcomes in three ways: one-directional, net, and risk status change. RESULTS: A greater decrease in the number of health risks was observed with increased program participation. The decrease was significantly related to the number of baseline risk factors and eligibility for high risk programs. Associated with program participation, the number of people at low risk status increased from 70.1% to 71.3% at year 2 among nationwide participants and from 52.4% to 58.9% among pilot participants. CONCLUSIONS: Participation was associated with a significant impact on health risk. Baseline risk of participants and eligibility for high risk programs were necessary factors to control when measuring program effects on health risk changes.

Health Promotion↗