Ohio Dental Association general guidelines for training of expanded duty auxiliaries (in accordance with Ohio State Dental Board rule DE 11-01).
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Dental Assistants↗
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A slide-tape program for beginning pharmacy students: effect on learning. Pharmacy Library, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Audiovisual Aids↗
Burn care in central and Southeastern Ohio. A study of the role of the Ohio State University burn unit.
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Burns↗
Heart disease mortality among black migrants: a study of Ohio residents (1960-1967).
In a demographic study, the black Ohio residents were characterized by those born in Ohio and those born in other regions of the United States, and comparisons were made of rates for all deaths (1960-1967) for coronary heart disease (420), endocarditis and myocardial degeneration (421-422), hypertensive cardiovascular diseases (440-447), cerebrovascular diseases (300-334), cardiovascular diseases (400-468), and total diseases of the cardiovascular system (300-334) (400-468). The division of the total United States-born Ohio residents by region of birth provided marked differences in the age-adjusted rates in the relative comparisons. The black males and females born in the South had a markedly higher age-adjusted death rate (ages 45 to 64) than those born in Ohio in each of the categories of cardiovascular diseases studied. For coronary heart disease, the age-adjusted death rate for the black males showed a marked excess over the black females, for each region of birth, whereas for hypertensive cardiovascular diseases the black males and females had similar age-adjusted rates for each region of birth. The findings indicate a carry-over among the black of a higher cardiovascular risk among those born in the South and lend support to the concept of the influence of the endemic factors in the early years of life. In the prospective study of black steelworkers, it was observed that migrant and nonmigrant workers had approximately the same mortality for cardiovascular disease overall, and when specific work areas were considered. Selective factors of employment, of medical screening, and capability of continued employment in strenuous environments, were considered the most likely basis for the similar mortality experience.
Age Factors↗
Size and morphology of the permanent dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians.
Metric and morphological characterizations of the permanent teeth from a total of 155 prehistoric Amerindians are presented. The individuals represent samples from three Ohio Valley burial complexes (considered together as the Late Diffuse group): Glacial Kame, Adena and Ohio Hopewell. Metric data include common measures of central tendency and dispersion. From these measures estimates and analyses of the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability are presented as well as analyses of the patterns of these estimates. Forty morphological characters are also tabulated. The results indicate a number of provisional hypotheses: the generally larger tooth size of the Late Archaic Indian Knoll when compared to the Late Diffuse groups is consistent with the hypothesis of mitigated selective pressures in more technologically advanced groups; although tooth size is smaller in the Late Diffuse groups, dental morphology is as complex, or more so when compared to the Indian Knoll group. Since morphology and size do not covary exactly the biocultural forces resulting in smaller tooth size do not seem to act as strongly on dental morphology; odontological differences within the Late Diffuse arise primarily between the Glacial Kame-Adena and the Ohio Hopewell. These differences correspond to major biocultural changes in this area; although provisional hypotheses concerning odontological variability are erected, hypotheses concerning evolutionary trends must await the discovery of evolving lineages within these groups; similarities are noted among all compared groups including the pattern and magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability. These parameters may be similar for all eastern Amerindians during this period; finally, the morphology of the deciduous dentition, which generally predicts that of the permanent teeth, is found to be less complex than the permanent teeth. This may be the result of a selective disadvantage for the individuals in the deciduous dentition sample which is reflected in the dentition.
Cuspid↗
Chaperoning practices of Ohio family physicians.
BACKGROUND: The medical literature contains no consistent recommendations regarding chaperon practices during physical examination of patients. The objective of this study was to determine the chaperon practices of Ohio family physicians. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all 1,786 active members of the Ohio Academy of Family Physicians. The questionnaire solicited information about the physicians' chaperon practices during physical examinations of the rectum, sexual and genital organs, and the female chest. RESULTS: The response rate was 74.6%. During female genital examinations, chaperons were used by 79.4% of male and 31.9% of female family physicians. Only 1.4% of male and 14.4% of female physicians used chaperons during male genital examinations. Chaperon practices were influenced by the gender of the physician and patient, the type of examination, and the availability of an assistant. CONCLUSIONS: No standard of care exists regarding chaperon practices among Ohio family physicians.
Age Factors↗
Mutations altering substrate specificity in OHIO-1, and SHV-1 family beta-lactamase.
The OHIO-1 beta-lactamase does not normally hydrolyse oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates like cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime or aztreonam. We were able to select spontaneous mutants of an OHIO-1-bearing strain of Escherichia coli using the antibiotic substrates listed above by enrichment methods of frequencies of 10(-8)-10(-10) for all antibiotics except ceftazidime (frequency less than 10(-10)). Most mutants with increased resistance to the other beta-lactams were also more resistant to ceftazidime. Mutations identified by DNA sequencing included a Gly238----Ser238 substitution identical with the SHV-2 mutation previously described, cysteine and valine substitutions at the identical site, and a Gly242----Cys242 substitution. The Cys238 and Cys242 mutant enzymes had less affinity for aztreonam than had the other mutant enzymes. Hydrolysis of cefotaxime, but not cephaloridine, by the cysteine-substituted enzymes was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The mutant enzymes had, in general, greater affinity for the mechanism-based inhibitors sulbactam, clavulanic acid and tazobactam. These results suggest two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for the structural role of substitutions in this area of the enzyme. Either potential hydrogen-bond donors, such as serine and cysteine, interact directly with the beta-lactam molecules, or the steric bulk of these substitutions distorts the beta-pleated sheet such that the beta-lactam is held in a position favourable for stable binding and catalysis. Finally, our data raise questions about a strategy relying on oligonucleotide-probe technology to detect such mutations, because of the variety of substitutions that give rise to similar phenotypes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Collaboration between Ohio psychiatrists and the legislature to update commitment laws.
The author describes how the Ohio Psychiatric Association (OPA) worked with the state legislature to ensure that the revision of Ohio's laws regarding involuntary commitment of the mentally ill reflected what psychiatrists felt to be in the best interests of patients. The OPA was successful in changing the definition of "persons subject to hospitalization by court order," in abolishing suggested 90-day and 180-day limits on the hospitalization of certain kinds of patients, in supporting the participation of psychologists in the admission process after the presence of a medical examiner had been affirmed, and in protecting the confidentiality of private patients' records.
Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
Unnecessary hospitalization of Medicare patients in Ohio. A preliminary profile.
Peer review organizations (PRO) review the health care given to Medicare beneficiaries. If a PRO determines that a hospital admission was unnecessary, the hospital is not reimbursed for the medical care and the case is "denied." The average hospital denial rate on Ohio is 2%; however, the denial rate for hospital admissions of one day or less is 7.5%. An analysis of hospitals and diagnoses for one-day hospital admission denials was performed, showing that urban hospitals and disorders of the circulatory and digestive systems predominate. The inappropriate utilization of health care resources costs millions of dollars per year in Ohio and could be costing the nation billions of dollars. There is an urgent need to research why resources are used less effectively by some hospitals and for some diseases.
Ambulatory Care↗
Challenges and opportunities facing the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine.
This article presents the problems and challenges facing the Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine in the view of its President and its Chief Academic Officer. It explores the progress made and the challenges facing the Ohio College overall and in the areas of education. It presents an exciting new vision of the style of podiatric medical education, and the methods that are and will be used to assess the quality of the educational program.
Ohio↗
Prevalence of bovine group A rotavirus shedding among dairy calves in Ohio.
Fecal samples were collected from 450 neonatal calves, ranging from 1 to 30 days old, between May, 1988 and May, 1989 to estimate the prevalence of bovine group A rotavirus in a stratified random sample of Ohio dairy herds. Calves were from 47 dairy herds chosen to be representative of Ohio herds. Bovine group A rotavirus was detected in fecal samples by a cell culture immunofluorescence test (CCIF) and ELISA. Of 450 samples tested, 46 (10%) were positive by CCIF and 67 (15%) were positive by ELISA. The agreement beyond chance between the 2 assays was good (kappa = 0.65). The overall prevalence rate of rotavirus shedding was 16.4% (74/450). Forty-three percent (29/67) of the samples positive by ELISA were subgroup 1, none were subgroup 2, and the remaining 57% (38/67) could not be assigned to either subgroups 1 or 2. Thirty herds (62.5%) had at least 1 group A rotavirus-positive calf (mean number of samples per positive herd = 12.4), and 17 herds (37.5%) had no rotavirus-positive calves (mean number of samples per negative herd = 6.0). A live oral rotacoronavirus vaccine was used in neonatal calves of only 1 herd and 3 of 17 (17.6%) calves from this herd were positive for group A rotavirus. The percentage of the rotavirus-positive fecal samples from all calves (n = 450) when stratified by fecal consistency was as follows: 28.3% (13/46) had liquid feces; 25.6% (10/39) had semiliquid feces; 23.4% (22/94) had pasty feces; and 10.7% (29/271) had firm feces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age Factors↗
The Ohio AIDS Prevention Survey: a study of psychometric properties.
The reliability of a measuring instrument is a major criterion for assessing its quality and adequacy. This article describes reliability pilot testing done with the Ohio AIDS Prevention Survey (Fellner & Thomas, 1989-90) in a sample of sexually active women of childbearing age. Previous alpha reliabilities of the knowledge scale of the survey have ranged from .71-.81, while the reliabilities of the attitudes and beliefs scale have ranged from .33-.45. In this sample, reliability measures for the knowledge and attitudes and beliefs scales were .65 and .45, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the Ohio AIDS Prevention Survey is clearly in its developmental stages and that further development of the survey is necessary prior to continued use in public health settings.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
St Louis encephalitis in Ohio, September 1975: clinical and EEG studies in 16 cases.
In 1975, during the largest epidemic of St Louis encephalitis (SLE) in the United States, 416 cases were diagnosed in Ohio. Persons who were admitted to two Columbus (Ohio) hospitals with suspected acute viral CNS infection were prospectively studied to define the virologic and clinical aspects of SLE. Sixteen cases of SLE were diagnosed serologically. Fifteen patients had signs of encephalitis and one had aseptic meningitis. Six patients had the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Other frequent findings included moderate peripheral leukocytosis and CSF pleocytosis, with mild elevation of CSF protein levels but normal glucose levels. Severe neurologic sequelae were infrequent. The EEG proved valuable in diagnosis and prognosis. Results of brain scans were normal. Virus in CSF or urine was not demonstrated, nor was viral antigen in CSF or urine sediments. Specific antibody was found in the sera and CSF of all patients who were tested, but interferon was not detected.
Adult↗
A descriptive and comparative study of the deciduous dentition of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians.
The deciduous dentition of 58 individuals from groups of prehistoric Ohio Valley Amerindians (2,000 B.C.-1,600 A.D.) was measured for antero-posterior and bucco-lingual dimensions and scored for morphological characteristics and macroscopic pathology. Only five dimensions of the posterior teeth and the frequency of severe linear enamel hypoplasia showed significant differences in the groups. In all cases focal agriculturalists exhibited smaller teeth and a higher frequency of severe linear enamel hypoplasia. These findings are explained as the result of changing diet and food preparation techniques, and/or sampling bias in the earlier burial cult groups where primarily higher status individuals may be the representatives. Comparison of metric and morphological characteristics of the deciduous dentition in the prehistoric Amerindians and roughly contemporaneous European groups indicates morphological characteristics are the better means of discrimination.
Cultural Characteristics↗
Where do cancer patients die? A review of cancer deaths in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 1957--1974.
The great concern over the status and care of the dying cancer patient requires the understanding of current trends in care. An 18-year review of 55,288 death certificates of patients with cancer in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (1957--1974) revealed that 35,381 patients (65%) died in acute and chronic care hospitals, 8,251 patients (15%) died in nursing homes, and 11,242 patients (20%) died at home. Trends over the 18-year period demonstrated a shift from patients dying at home to patients dying in nursing homes. The hospital care of dying cancer patients remained unchanged during the study period. An analysis of 33 consecutive patients dying of cancer over a six-month period in an acute care hospital in Cuyahoga County showed an average length of stay of 20.1 +/- 15.7 days, during which only palliative care was provided. The cost benefit of home care/hospice programs is related to the final hospital stay of the dying cancer patient.
Adult↗
Dislodgeable azinphosmethyl residues from air blast spraying of apple foliage in Ohio.
The distribution and decay rates of dislodgeable residues of azinphosmethyl applied by two types of air blast sprayers on apple foliage in Ohio were investigated. Leaf discs were taken from nine sites located on the periphery of Cortland apple trees at five dates after spraying. The sprayer delivering the higher airflow rate, but lower velocity, deposited the pesticide much more uniformly over the trees and applied more in the top of the tree. The other sprayer deposited the greatest proportion of pesticide on the site nearest the sprayer. The residue decreased at all sites and ranged from 42 to near 100% decrease at 14 days after spraying.
Agriculture↗
Infectivity of Moniezia benedeni and Moniezia expansa to oribatid mites from Ohio and Georgia.
Six species of oribatid mites belonging to four families and five genera were successfully infected by M. benedeni. They were Scheloribates laevigatus (Scheloribatidae), Exoribatula sp. cf. biundatus (Scheloribatidae), Xylobates capucinus (Haplozetidae) and Zygoribatula undulata (Oribatulidae) from Ohio, and Galumna ithacensis (Galumnidae) and Scheloribates lanceoliger (Scheloribatidae) from Georgia. Cysticercoids were also recovered from S. laevigatus infected with M. expansa. Among the six species of mites, S. laevigatus is the major intermediate host of M. expansa and M. benedeni worldwide, while the other five species have not been previously reported as transmitters of Moniezia spp. This is also the first report of any species from the genera Exoribatula and Xylobates as intermediate hosts of tapeworms. Different species of oribatid mites varied in their efficiency as intermediate hosts of M. benedeni. Moniezia benedeni had higher infection rate and infection intensity in S. laevigatus than in other species. Development in S. laevigatus was also more rapid than in the other species. Mite size was only one of the determinants of intermediate host efficiency. Storage at 4 degrees C for 1 to 5 weeks reduced the viability of M. benedeni eggs. Stored eggs had lower infection rates and infection intensity and slower development in S. laevigatus. They also had lower infection rates in X. capucinus and Exoribatula sp. cf. biundatus.
Animals↗
The spread of multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae at a day care center in Ohio.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 23F, resistant to penicillin (MIC, 2 micrograms/mL) and multiple other antimicrobic agents, was isolated from middle ear fluid of a child with otitis media attending a day care center in Ohio. To determine the extent of spread of this strain, nasopharyngeal culture surveys were done, and 52 carriers were identified among 250 children attending the index day care center. No carriers were found among 121 children at two other day care centers in the same urban area. Use of prophylactic doses of antibiotics (P < .001) and frequent use of antibiotics (P < 0.001) were risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage. Carriers were more likely to have had frequent otitis media episodes (P < .02) and otitis media not responsive to antimicrobial therapy (P < .001). Strategies to limit the spread of highly resistant pneumococcal strains should include encouraging judicious use of antimicrobic agents and reevaluating indications for prophylactic use of antimicrobic agents.
Adult↗