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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmological effects of high altitude.

High altitude has various effects on human beings. Altitude-related illnesses are a frequent cause of morbidity and occasional mortality in travelers to high altitudes throughout the world. The mountaineers all around the world are familiar with this condition, which is called acute mountain sickness (AMS). The primary altitude illnesses are AMS, high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema. Altitude has potential undesired ophthalmological effects. The pathogenesis of these syndromes remains unclear despite considerable research in this field. Most of these problems are primarily preventable with an adequate level of information before and during travel. Further studies are needed to reveal the exact relationship between high altitude and ophthalmological findings. In this article, ophthalmological effects of high altitude, likely to be encountered by mountaineers as well as other enthusiasts of high altitude sports are reviewed. Emphasis on aviation and aerospace medicine is briefly given under related SUB_TITLEs.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2002

Cross-sectional study of the ophthalmological effects of carbon disulfide in Chinese viscose workers.

This article presents cross-sectional investigation results of ophthalmological effects for the occupational exposure to carbon disulfide of workers at a large viscose fibre factory in the middle part of China. The total of 271 exposed subjects (191 males, 80 females) and 133 workers (93 males, 40 females) not exposed to any toxic agent in the working environment underwent ophthalmological examination. The self-administered questionnaire collected data on the medical history and ophthalmological complaints during the past three months. The ophthalmologic examination included routine examination for retinal capillary anomalies and and color vision with the FM 100-Hue test method. Nearly all subjects did not use respirators, smocks or aprons, gloves or other personal protective devices during work time. The average personal CS2 exposure level in the present study was 13.7-20.05 mg/m3. The FM 100-Hue test results showed that the total error scores of the exposed group, whether male or female, were higher than that of the control, the discrimination of the green and blue zones was also impaired significantly. A fundus examination showed no retinal capillary anomalies or other serious ophthalmological symptoms that may be related to effects of CS2. In conclusion, color vision was disturbed in workers exposed to CS2, at levels below the present threshold value. Reduced color discrimination may be attributed to long-term carbon disulfide exposure and suggests that health surveillance of workers exposed to carbon disulfide should include the FM 100-Hue Test as a sensitive and easy method.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ophthalmologic effects of psychotropic medications.

This article reviews the effects of psychotropic medications on the eye. Although some of these effects have been known for years, they have been largely ignored by psychiatrists. The ophthalmologic effects of antidepressants, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, and lithium in therapeutic doses and overdose are reviewed and their implications discussed. Recommendations are made for appropriate monitoring, treatment, and ophthalmologic referral of patients on these medications.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological study of the systemic ophthalmological effects of carbon disulfide.

A total of 123 male viscose rayon workers who were exposed to carbon disulfide, and an additional 67 workers who were not exposed to any toxic agent in the working environment, underwent a thorough ophthalmological examination. The relationship between exposure and ophthalmological results was analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. The most striking findings were strong associations between exposure and the 100-HUE color vision score and excess of microaneurysms in the exposed group. The current threshold limit value appeared to protect against these effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ophthalmologic effects of bowel disease.

Ocular findings in diseases affecting primarily the digestive tract are relatively rare; however, it is important for the physician to recognize these relationships, appropriately uncover symptoms related to the eye disease, and have the patient evaluated by an ophthalmologist if indicated. In addition, ocular inflammation may be the first indication of bowel disease (e.g., uveitis in Crohn's disease). This article describes the associations between ocular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases and their causes, signs, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Ophthalmologic side effects during alpha-interferon therapy for viral hepatitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ophthalmologic side effects have been reported during interferon therapy, particularly retinal lesions and neurovisual impairment. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the nature and the frequency of such lesions during alpha-interferon therapy for viral hepatitis. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 156 patients treated with standard or pegylated alpha-interferon, with or without ribavirin, had a regular ophthalmologic examination before and during treatment. No patient had signs of retinopathy before treatment. Cotton-wool spots were found in 31 patients and retinal hemorrhage in nine patients during treatment (24% of patients). These lesions remained asymptomatic and disappeared in all patients. A previous history of arterial hypertension (RR 4.60, 95% CI 1.95-10.85), age above 45 years (RR 2.80, 95% CI 1.36-5.85), and use of pegylated alpha-interferon (RR 2.75, 95% CI 1.41-5.38) were significantly associated with retinopathy. Neurovisual impairment was present in 31 patients (20%) before treatment and in 74 patients (47%) during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study showed that signs of retinopathy and neurovisual impairment were common in patients receiving alpha-interferon therapy but were rarely symptomatic. It suggests that alpha-interferon may usually be continued in asymptomatic patients as long as there is careful fundoscopic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Ophthalmological adverse effects of (chiropractic) upper spinal manipulation: evidence from recent case reports.

OBJECTIVE: Upper spinal manipulation (USM) is frequently used by chiropractors and other health care professionals to treat minor complaints. This systematic review aimed to summarize ophthalmological adverse effects of USM recently reported in the medical literature. METHODS: Five electronic databases were searched for all case reports of ophthalmological adverse effects after USM published between January 1995 and April 2003. No language restrictions were applied. Key data from the primary publications thus located were extracted and critically evaluated. RESULTS: Fourteen case reports were found. Clinical symptoms and signs were diverse and included loss of vision, ophthalmoplegia, diplopia and Horner's syndrome. The underlying mechanism was arterial wall dissection in most cases. The eventual outcome varied and often included permanent deficits. Causality was frequently deemed likely or certain. CONCLUSION: Upper spinal manipulation is associated with ophthalmological adverse effects of unknown frequency. Ophthalmologists should be aware of its risks. Rigorous investigations must be conducted to establish reliable incidence figures.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2006

Vascular ophthalmological side effects associated with antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C are related to vascular endothelial growth factor levels.

We have screened for the incidence of vascular ophthalmological side effects (VOSE) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients undergoing pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy and sought evidence for angiogenesis activation. Thirty-four CHC patients were prospectively evaluated (18 patients with 180 microg/week of peg-IFN-alpha2a plus 800mg/day of RBV and 16 with 1.5 microg/kg/week of peg-IFN-alpha2b plus 800-1,200mg/day of RBV). Complete ophthalmological evaluation and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were assessed before and at the end of therapy. Thirteen patients (38.2%) developed VOSE, eight (23.5%) featured subconjunctival haemorrhage, and five (14.7%) had evidence of retinopathy - all were unrelated to age, sex, genotype, the type of antiviral schedule used and response to therapy. At the end of treatment, the VOSE group had significantly higher serum VEGF levels than the group of patients without detectable side effects (median 281 [range 106-386] vs 117 [83-225] pg/ml, P=0.05). These differences increased when VEGF values were corrected by platelet count. In the VOSE group, baseline VEGF and VEGF/platelet values were also significantly higher (164 [55-260] vs 64 [21-172] pg/ml, P=0.046; and 0.920 [0.217-1.543] vs 0.320 [0.100-0.661] pg/10(6) platelets, P=0.024, respectively]. In a multivariate model VEGF/platelet values at end of treatment and hepatic fibrosis stage were the only predictors of VOSE development. In 3 out of 13 patients visual acuity was affected and 2 had residual lesions in the follow-up. In this exploratory study, antiviral therapy of CHC frequently induces VOSE, apparently through an activation of angiogenesis.

Adult↗