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Neurologic complications of acute myelomonoblastic leukemia of four years' duration.
An adult with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia involving the central nervous system is presented. Unusual features included: (1) Focal signs and radiographic evidence of sagittal sinus occlusion early in the course of disease; (2) progressive meningeal, cranial nerve, and spinal nerve involvement despite a 4-year bone marrow remission; (3) intracerebral tumor formation, and (4) retrobulbar optic neuritis associated with microscopic findings of herpeslike viral particles. The incidence of clinically overt neurologic disease in adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia seems to have increased in tandem with improved chemotherapy. The prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system during prolonged remission of adult acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia may prove of benefit to these patients.
CT evidence of grey matter calcification secondary to radiation therapy.
There are four previously reported cases of post-irradiation calcification in the basal ganglia as demonstrated on the conventional skull roentgenograms. We have described two additional cases with grey matter calcification, which were demonstrated 10 and 14 yr after radiation therapy for an optic glioma and a medulloblastoma, respectively. The calcification was clearly demonstrated on CT scan, although it was not apparent on the skull roentgenogram. The extract pathogenesis of this condition is not clear. It appears, however, to be related to radiation vasculitis of the small vessels of the brain with resultant hyalinization and calcification. A long-term follow up study would be necessary to evaluate the significance and implication of post-irradiation calcification of the grey matter. CT is the most sensitive method of demonstrating the intracranial calcification in vivo.
Screening for neurofibromatosis type 1-related optic pathway gliomas: a systematic review.
BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis-type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by developing optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in 15%-20% of patients with higher estimates where consanguinity is prevalent. Clinically, NF1-OPG might be unpredictable with the risk of OPG progression and visual impairment. The optimal time for screening is controversial. We aim to identify the mean/median age at diagnosis of NF1-OPG and its clinical spectrum. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted for English-language publications from January 1993 to October 2025, exploring the visual screening of OPGs in NF1 patients, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251036244). Inclusion criteria focused on studies reporting the age at OPG diagnosis and visual manifestations in NF1 patients. Data were extracted on demographics, age at NF1 and OPG diagnosis, tumour location (using the Dodge classification), and presenting symptoms. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Among 4 739 NF1 patients, 818 had OPGs, with prevalence ranging from 4.2% to 46.7%. The age at NF1 diagnosis ranged from 0 to 132 months (mean: 18-38 months), and at OPG diagnosis from 0-240 months (median: 29-58 months). Approximately 58.4% of OPGs were asymptomatic, and 25% were above the age of 5 years. Among symptomatic patients, the most frequent presentations included decreased visual acuity (62%), abnormal optic disc (45%), proptosis (20%), strabismus (12%), and visual field defects (7%). CONCLUSIONS: NF1-related OPGs typically present early within 6 years of age. Early ophthalmologic and/or radiologic screening at the time of NF1 diagnosis enhances the detection of silent OPGs.
Primary meningioma of the intraorbital optic nerve.
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[Densitometric study of tumors of the anterior optic tract and orbit (Acta Scanner)].
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Late post-irradiation necrosis of the brain.
Three examples of late post-irradiation brain necrosis are reported. In two cases operation was performed on account of the space-occupying effects of the lesions, and in the third case the lesion was found post-mortem. The aetiology and pathology of the condition are discussed. Our findings in the three cases described are contrasted with those in 29 patients who had been submitted to similar doses of irradiation, but had not developed necrosis. The literature on pathogenesis is briefly reviewed.
[Examination of the pupils using the swinging flashlight test. Alternating tangential illumination of the eyes for registration of modest lesions of the optic nerve].
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Functional endocrinological disturbances in parasellar processes.
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Pseudo-orbital apex syndrome.
A 48-year-old man had symptoms and signs of the orbital apex syndrome. All orbital and systemic studies were unrevealing . The computed tomoggraphy scan showed a cystic lesion external to the pons. The lesion proved to be a cholesteotoma originating in the peduncular fossa area, comprising the oculomotor nerve proximally and extending anteriorly in a finger-like projection to involve the ipsilateral optic nerve.
The computerised tomographic findings in paediatric orbital tumours.
Forty-two patients with histologically proven orbital tumours are presented. CT is of value in the pretreatment assessment and in delineating the extent of the orbital tumour. The surrounding bony destruction and intracranial extension are easily assessed. Post-treatment follow-up can be closely monitored using CT.
Neoplasm of mixed mesenchymal and neuroepithelial origin of the optic nerve.
A case is reported of a 19-year-old male having right proptosis for 4 years because of a mixed meningioma and astrocytoma of the ipsilateral optic nerve. The sheath of this nerve is analogous to the leptomeninges, and neuroglial cells constitute the stroma of the nerve. Both meningioma and astrocytoma therefore can arise primarily in the optic nerve, and they may be combined in the same mass, forming a neoplasm of mixed mesenchymal and neuroepithelial origin.
Computed tomography in ophthalmology. Density changes with orbital lesions.
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Symposium: Neuro-Ophthalmology.
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Orbital extension of retinoblastoma: a clinicopathological study.
We have studied all cases of orbital extension of retinoblastomas at the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute in New York since 1925. Only 9.4% of the patients lived more than 2 years after diagnosis. Orbital retinoblastoma is frequently associated with systemic metastases. We emphasize the significance of massive choroidal involvement and periemissarial extension. Careful handling of the enucleation specimen at the time of surgery and during histologic preparation is important to avoid cell spillage and artifacts. Treatment should be early, multidisciplinary and include adjuvant chemotherapy.
[Meningioma of the optic nerve in children. Considerations on 2 cases].
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[Radiotherapy of malignant tumours of the orbit (author's transl)].
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