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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Oral contraception.

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Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possible interaction between oxcarbazepine and an oral contraceptive.

The effect of oxcarbazepine (OCBZ) on the kinetics of an oral contraceptive containing ethinyloestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG) was investigated in 13 healthy female volunteers who had previously received the contraceptive for at least 3 months. After 15 days of the first study cycle, each subject received, in addition to the oral contraceptive, 300 mg OCBZ on day 16, 300 mg twice daily on day 17, and 300 mg three times daily from day 18 of the first cycle to day 18 of the next menstrual cycle. The area under the curve values for both EE and LNG decreased when OCBZ was given with the oral contraceptive (p = 0.006, analysis of variance). The results indicate that OCBZ, like most antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), decreases the bioavailability of EE and LNG, perhaps by affecting metabolism or protein binding.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Hormonal contraception and substitution therapy: the importance of progestogen for cardiovascular diseases].

Epidemiological data have demonstrated, that the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is involved in the development of hypertension, ischaemic heart diseases and stroke. It had been suggested, that atherosclerotic lesions due to the unfavourable effect on lipid metabolism of progestogens with androgenic properties, play a causal role. It has, however, been shown, that there is no development of atherosclerosis despite reduced HDL and elevated LDL, presumably because of the induction of hepatic LDL- and remnant-receptors by the strong effect of ethinyl-oestradiol upon the liver. A series of experimental and clinical findings indicates that vasospasms caused by the vasoconstrictory effect of progestogens are involved in the development of arterial thromboses. In postmenopausal women, the additional administration of progestogens to the oestrogen treatment may trigger ischaemic diseases, particularly in the presence of vascular lesions. Oestrogens exercise a pronounced vasodilatory effect and stabilize the vascular tonus--through changes in the responsiveness of endothelium and smooth muscle cells to vasoactive compounds, through modulation of neurotransmitter release from nerve endings, and through direct blocking of calcium channels. The effects depend essentially on an intact endothelium. By a direct action on the vascular wall, progestogens increase the sensitivity of arteries to vasoconstrictory compounds and reduce blood flow. As aldosterone increases the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in the arterial smooth muscle cells and thus act vasodilatorily, it cannot be excluded, that progestogens with high affinity to the aldosterone receptor and antimineralocorticoid properties, may exert a strong vasoconstrictory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Existence of multiple peaks in plasma ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone after oral administration of a contraceptive pill.

Previous measurements of plasma ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and norethindrone (NE) over 24 h after oral administration of a contraceptive pill have demonstrated a single steroid peak occurring 1-2 h after pill ingestion, with a gradual decline over the next 22 h. In the present study plasma concentrations of EE2 and NE were measured 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after oral ingestion of a contraceptive pill containing 35 micrograms EE2 and 1 mg NE at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months of use in 58 normal healthy women. Contrary to previous reports, analysis of the 464 steroid curves (58 subjects x 4 time periods x 2 steroids) revealed the presence of multiple hormone peaks. Two peaks of EE2 were identified in 44.8% of women during the first pill cycle and in 75.9%, 55.2%, and 67.2% of women after 3, 6, and 9 months of pill use. Two hormone peaks of NE were observed in 29.3% of women during the first cycle and in 36.2%, 50%, and 44.8% at 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Existence of these multiple peaks at the frequency observed has not previously been reported. Further quantification of the frequency and magnitude of these peaks could be helpful in explaining differences in biological responses associated with pill use.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Starting on the pill.

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Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed1979

Use and acceptance of the "paper pill". A novel approach to oral contraception.

A randomized, crossover study comparing the acceptance of and attitudes towards two dosage forms of the same oral contraceptive product - a paper presentation and the conventional tablet, was carried out in a network of rural and suburban research centers in the State of Durango, México. The results failed to show any significant advantage (in terms of acceptability or continuation) of the paper formulation. Although two-thirds of the participants indicated a preference for the conventional tablet, there was a high degree of acceptance of the paper formulation among new oral contraceptive acceptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the effects of contraceptive steroid formulations containing two doses of estrogen on pituitary function.

A pituitary stimulation test with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was undertaken to determine (1) whether pituitary responses to GnRH vary in individual women taking oral contraceptive steroids over time, (2) whether a less suppressive pituitary gonadotropin effect is produced by formulations containing less than 50 microgram of estrogen, and (3) to obtain more information concerning prolactin secretion in users of oral contraceptive steroids. The same subjects who had had a suppressed luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) response 6 to 9 months previously also had a suppressed response, indicating that this effect persists over time. Contraceptive formulations containing less than 50 microgram of estrogen have a lesser suppressive effect on LH release than do formulations containing 50 microgram of estrogen or more. The basal prolactin (PRL) response as well as the maximal PRL response to TRH were found to be significantly greater in subjects using oral contraceptives than in the control subjects. However, no difference in PRL response was found between the subjects using low or high doses of estrogen fomulations.

Adult↗