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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Non-organ specific & organ specific antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Fifty patients of rheumatoid arthritis clinically diagnosed (by ARA criteria) were studied for both non-organ specific [rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), extractable nuclear antibody (ENA), granulocyte specific anti-nuclear antibody (GS-ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)] and organ specific, [anti-adrenal (AAA), anti-islet cell (ICA), antithyroid antibody (ATA) and anti-parietal cell (PCA)] auto antibodies. RF was positive in 80 per cent of patients. ANA was positive in 44 per cent of patients, ENA in 62 per cent, SMA in 20 per cent, AMA in 18 per cent and GS-ANA in 68 per cent. Of the organ specific antibodies, PCA was demonstrable in 28 per cent of the patients and none of the other antibodies were present. Circumstantial evidence indicates that ANA and GS-ANA are not synonymous but independent, cross-reacting entities and the presence of both increase the sensitivity (94%) of diagnosis of RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Non-organ specific & organ-specific auto-antibodies in hepatitis-B virus associated glomerulonephropathies.

Eighty eight patients of glomerulonephropathies (HBsAg positive 67; HBsAg negative 21) and 88 matched and healthy controls were screened for non-organ specific autoantibodies-ANA, AMA, ASMA and APCA by indirect immunofluorescent technique. The 2.3 per cent positivity in the test group and the 8 per cent positivity in the control group did not suggest the involvement of hepatitis-B virus (HBV), as an influencing or associated agent. When 48 patients with glomerulonephropathies and 23 controls were screened for liver cell membrane (LMA) and renal cell membrane antibodies (RMA) by indirect immunofluorescent technique using isolated rat hepatocytes and renal cells, 79.2 per cent LMA positivity was seen in the HBsAg positive group and 41.7 per cent in the negative group and RMA positivity was 58 per cent in the positive group and 25 per cent in the negative group. Simultaneous positivity for both LMA and RMA was recorded in 50 per cent of the HBsAg positive patients and 15.7 per cent of the negative ones. The results suggest the possibility of an organ specific autoimmune trigger more frequently in HBV associated glomerulonephropathy.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1990

Organ-specific and non-organ-specific lymphocyte receptors for vascular endothelium.

The recirculation of lymphocytes from blood to lymph and back to blood is necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system as it facilitates interactions between antigen-reactive clones of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The first step in the emigration of a blood-borne lymphocyte into either a secondary lymphoid organ or an inflammatory lesion is its adherence to vascular endothelial cells (EC) lining unique post-capillary venules known as high endothelial venules (HEV). Several groups have recently cloned and sequenced genes which may encode organ-specific lymphocyte receptors for the EC of such HEV. The extracellular portion of the putative murine lymphocyte homing receptor for peripheral lymph node HEV is composed of an N-terminal lectin-like domain, followed by an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and then two identical repeating domains which are homologous to a number of complement-binding proteins. A hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail complete the structure. A very similar gene structure has been reported for a cytokine-inducible EC surface protein which is involved in neutrophil-EC adhesion in vitro. In marked contrast, the gene for a putative human lymphocyte homing receptor appears to belong to a gene family which encodes cell-surface molecules with receptor activity for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Similarly, the cell-surface molecule which appears to be the murine lymphocyte receptor for Peyer's patch HEV is homologous, if not identical, to the human VLA-4 molecule, another receptor with binding activity for an ECM protein. It has also been demonstrated that lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) acts in a non-organ-specific manner to mediate lymphocyte-EC adhesion. Finally, other non-organ-specific lymphocyte adhesion molecules for EC may include CD4 and CD8 (which bind to class II and class I MHC antigens, respectively), and CD2 (which binds to LFA-3).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Detection of stage specific and organ specific human brain antigens during embryogenesis].

The rabbit antisera were obtained against the water soluble antigens of the brain of 8--10 weeks old human foetuses. Three groups of specific antigens were identified in the brain of human foetuses: 1) antigens common for the embryonic brain and other organs of the same age; 2) antigens common for the embryonic brain and some organs of the adult organism; 3) stage (phase)-specific brain antigens present only in the brain between the 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specific organ metastases of human melanoma cells injected into the arterial circulation of nude mice.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether organ specific metastasis can be produced by different subpopulations of cells isolated from a single human melanoma. Three clones, SB1, SB2, SB3, and a variant line SB1 Asc (obtained from ascites fluid after i.v. inoculation of SB1 cells in a nude mouse) - all isolated from a primary human cutaneous melanoma - were inoculated into the left ventricle (i.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) into nude mice. Three to 16 weeks later, the animals were killed and autopsied. The clones produced different patterns of metastasis. Three to 4 weeks after i.c. inoculation of 2 x 10(6) cells, cells of clone SB1 produced numerous rapidly progressing metastases in the brain, whereas cells of SB1 Asc produced large metastases in the adrenals and sometimes in the ovaries. Cells of clones SB2 and SB3 produced a few small metastases without any characteristics pattern. The initial arrest of tumor cells in various organs did not predict the outcome of metastasis. This conclusion is based on studies of distribution and fate of tumor cells labeled with 111Indium Oxine. Therefore, organ specific metastasis produced by human melanoma cells inoculated i.c. into nude mice is likely to depend on the interaction of unique metastatic cells with organ environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Tissue-specific and organ-specific expression of soybean auxin-responsive transcripts GH3 and SAURs.

We used in situ hybridization to localize two classes of auxin-regulated transcripts, GH3 and SAURs, within organs and tissues of soybean seedlings and flowers. GH3 transcripts occurred in the inner cortex and protoxylem ridges of roots and were expressed transiently during flower and pod development. SAUR transcripts were expressed in the epidermis, cortex, and starch sheath of epicotyls and immature hypocotyls. SAUR transcripts became more abundant on the bottom side of hypocotyls that were undergoing gravitropic curvature. SAURs were also expressed in developing xylem elements of the hypocotyl hook. When soybean organ sections were treated with 50 micromolar 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), GH3 transcripts became more abundant in the vascular regions of all organs analyzed. High levels of GH3 transcripts were also found in developing palisade mesophyll cells of leaves, cotyledons, and flowers treated with 2,4-D. SAUR transcripts became more abundant in the epidermis, cortex, starch sheath, and pith of epicotyls and hypocotyls after 2,4-D treatment. Our results showed that a variety of tissues and cell types express auxin-responsive transcripts and that different tissues respond rapidly to exogenous auxin by expressing different hormone-responsive genes.

Gene Expression Regulation↗
PubMed1987

Reaction pattern of mitochondrial antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is species specific but not organ specific.

The cross reactivity of a well-characterized PBC serum was studied with mitochondria from a number of sources. These studies were to establish the nonorgan, species specificity of the reaction of PBC sera. As well as confirming some previously reported data, we have strong evidence suggesting that, in spite of species differences in Mr of the major antigenic bands, all mitochondria contain a set of common cross-reactive epitopes. The multiplicity of antigenic bands seen for mitochondria from some sources are shown to arise, in part, as proteolytically derived artefacts of bands of higher Mr, retaining some antigenic reactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Differential properties of organ-specific serum opsonins for liver and spleen macrophages.

Earlier we reported that serum contains organ-specific opsonins which selectively enhance recognition of liposomes by macrophages in the specific organs of the reticuloendothelial system (Moghimi, S.M. and Patel, H.M. (1988) FEBS Lett. 233, 143-147). The results presented here describe the properties of these organ-specific opsonins which differentiate between liver-specific and spleen-specific opsonins responsible for the enhancement of phagocytosis of liposomes by Kupffer cells and spleen macrophage, respectively. Liver-specific opsonin is a heat-stable macromolecule which on heating or on freezing and thawing exhibits enhanced opsonic activity. Serum also contains a dialysable factor which inhibits its opsonic activity. On the other hand, the spleen-specific opsonin is a heat-labile macromolecule which is sensitive to freezing and thawing and requires a dialysable serum co-factor for its optimum opsonic activity on spleen macrophages. Removal of this factor from serum brings about an irreversible conformational change in the opsonin. Evidence suggests that the spleen-specific opsonin may be composed of more than one different opsonin molecule. It is suggested that the serum factor(s) that inhibits liver-specific opsonic activity and enhances the spleen-specific activity may not be the same molecule, but in both the cases the factor(s) may mediate its function by modifying the process of the opsonisation of liposomes or by influencing the interaction of the opsonised liposomes with the respective cells. We propose that purification of the organ-specific opsonins may provide an opportunity to target drug carriers selectively to a specific organ of the reticuloendothelial system, and help us to evaluate their role in the altered opsonin states known to exist in certain diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Organ specific ESR features in mouse main organs and ESR application to the model of pancreatic disorders].

Nine main organs in the mouse were studied by ESR spectroscopy at 77K. Manganese ions were readily detected in the pancreas, small intestine, stomach and kidney. In particular, the pancreas gave strong ESR signals for the transition metal, suggesting that Mn(II) plays an important role in pancreatic function. All organs reveal different ESR spectra indicating organ specificity. C-centered radical, R-OO radical and C0Q10 or ascorbate radical are stable in the tissue. In the brain, heart and pancreas, N-centered radical heme-NO adduct was detected at 6 and 24 h after excision since common process is involved in tissue degeneration and ESR is sensitive to proteolysis and necrosis of tissues. In endotoxemia and/or CDE-diet-induced pancreatic lesions, R-OO radical and Mn(II) ion were detected in the signal at 77K. By the spin-trapping method (DMPO) at 25 degrees C, DMPO-OH adduct and 3-Line and 6-Line were detected in CDE diet-induced acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that damaged pancreatic tissues are in a highly oxidative environment that probably contains oxygen radicals, and that free radicals are considered to play an important role in the development of pancreatic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Novel organ-specific circulating cardiac autoantibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy.

To determine whether organ-specific cardiac autoantibodies are present in dilated cardiomyopathy, indirect immunofluorescence on human heart and skeletal muscle was used to test sera from 200 normal subjects and from 65 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 41 with chronic heart failure due to myocardial infarction and 208 with other cardiac disease. Three immunofluorescence patterns were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic on cardiac tissue only (organ-specific), fine striational on cardiac and, to a lesser extent, skeletal muscle (cross-reactive 1) and broad striational on both cardiac and skeletal muscle (cross-reactive 2). Cardiac specificity of the cytoplasmic pattern was confirmed by absorption studies with homogenates of human atrium, skeletal muscle and rat liver. Organ-specific cardiac antibodies (IgG; titer range 1/10 to 1/80) were more frequent in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (17 [26%] of 65) than in those with other cardiac disease (2 [1%] of 208, p less than 0.0001) or heart failure (0 [0%] of 41, p less than 0.001) or in normal subjects (7 [3.5%] of 200, p less than 0.0001). Organ-specific cardiac antibodies were more common in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and in those with fewer symptoms (8 of 15 in New York Heart Association functional class I versus 9 of 50 in classes II to IV, p less than 0.01) and more recent (less than 2 years) onset of disease (9 of 19 versus 8 of 46, p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: lack of association between circulating organ-specific cardiac antibodies and HLA-DR antigens.

Organ-specific cardiac antibodies are serological markers of autoimmunity in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). HLA-DR4 and possibly DR5 are immunogenetic markers of susceptibility in DCM, but it is not known whether they are associated with autoantibody production. We studied the frequency of HLA-DR antigens and the presence of organ-specific cardiac antibodies in 80 DCM Caucasian patients from Northern Italy. HLA-DR typing was performed by serology; 289 healthy blood donors from the same region were tested as controls. HLA-DR frequencies in DCM were also compared with VIII International Workshop control data for Italy. Cardiac antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on human heart. Skeletal muscle was used to identify cross-reacting antibodies. The prevalence of cardiac antibodies in DCM was: organ-specific 34% and skeletal muscle cross-reactive 30%. The previously reported positive association between DCM and HLA-DR4 was confirmed using either the controls from the same region (21.25% vs 10.73% p = 0.02, relative risk = 2.30) or from all of Italy (21.25% vs 12.3%, p = 0.03). HLA-DR5 frequency was slightly but not significantly higher in DCM than in controls from the same region (46.25% vs 31.49% p = 0.02, relative risk of 1.87, p corrected = NS) or from all of Italy (46.25% vs 35.8% p = NS). HLA-DR3 frequency was lower in DCM than in controls from the same region (12.50% vs 29.41% p = 0.003, relative risk of 0.36, p corrected = 0.03). This negative association was not confirmed using the control data from the whole of Italy (12.50% vs 16.5% p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Organ-specific chemotactic factors present in lung extracellular matrix.

The preferential colonization of a distant organ by a circulating tumor cell (organ specific metastasis) may be regulated by chemotactic factors present within the extracellular matrix of the host organ. Organ-specific extracellular matrix was prepared from murine kidney and lung by high salt extraction and DNAase/RNAase digestion. A soluble protein fraction (S2) from each of the matricies was obtained by 4 M guanidine extraction and was tested for organ-specific chemotactic activity in a modified Boyden chamber. The lung colonizing B16-F10 and B16-BL6 tumor cell lines demonstrated organ-specific motility only toward the lung extract. The low metastasizing B16 parental line and liver colonizing B16-L4b line showed no preference for either lung or kidney. The lung activity resolves into five fractions by gel filtration chromatography, with the highest activity eluting at Mr approximately 71,000. Chemotactic factors present in lung extracellular matrix may regulate the preferential colonization of an organ by stimulating the migration of tumor cells in a specific manner. These factors may be released during the degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

Organ-specific mucin antigens and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.

Organ-specific mucin antigens detected by polyclonal antibodies were first used to characterize abnormal differentiation of gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinomas (1,2). These mucin tumour markers can thus be useful as criteria for evaluating the degree of gastric or intestinal differentiation of gastric carcinomas. In addition, some of these mucin antigens are expressed early during GI carcinogenesis where they are associated to premorphological abnormalities (3-5). Consequently, these markers are of importance for studying genetic changes occurring in precancerous mucosa, in which cancer cell transformation can occur. Finally, recent observations have pointed out a putative value of these mucin antigens for screening high risk populations for GI cancers. First of all, we shall define the words: mucin, mucin antigen (or epitopes) and organ-specificity before described abnormal antigen expression during GI carcinogenesis in the cancerous and in the precancerous mucosae and specially concerning their association with premorphological abnormalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Organ-specific cardiac antibodies: serological markers for systemic hypertension in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.

Circulating organ-specific autoantibodies are serological markers of destruction or impairment of the relevant endocrine tissue cells and may be associated with abnormal hormone levels with or without clinical evidence of overt disease. We sought organ-specific cardiac antibodies in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy because of increasing evidence that the heart has endocrine characteristics (secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] and other peptide hormones). Serum samples from 166 patients with polyendocrinopathy, 80 with autoimmunity confined to one gland, and 200 healthy blood donors were tested for these antibodies by means of immunofluorescence on human heart. Skeletal muscle was used to identify cross-reacting antibodies. Organ-specific cardiac antibodies were detected in significantly more of the patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (28 [17%]) than of those with autoimmunity confined to one gland (1 [1%]) or of normal subjects (7 [3.5%]; p = 0.0001). Among the patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, the prevalence of systemic hypertension was higher in those with cardiac autoantibodies than in those without (5/28 [18%] vs 2/80 [3%]; p = 0.01); the same was true for a family history of hypertension (11 [42%] vs 5 [7%]; p = 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mean basal or stimulated ANP concentrations between patients with or without antibodies or between patients and controls. 5 of the 22 antibody-positive patients had ANP concentrations outside the normal range, but these disturbances were not associated with systemic hypertension or a family history of the disorder. Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy can have organ-specific cardiac antibodies, which may represent novel serological markers for an autoimmune form of systemic hypertension in the absence of overt cardiac disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chromosome-specific organization of human alpha satellite DNA.

Restriction endonuclease analysis of human genomic DNA has previously revealed several prominent repeated DNA families defined by regularly spaced enzyme recognition sites. One of these families, termed alpha satellite DNA, was originally identified as tandemly repeated 340- or 680-base pair (bp) EcoRI fragments that hybridize to the centromeric regions of human chromosomes. We have investigated the molecular organization of alpha satellite DNA on individual human chromosomes by filter hybridization and in situ hybridization analysis of human DNA and DNA from rodent/human somatic cell hybrids, each containing only a single human chromosome. We used as probes a cloned 340-bp EcoRI alpha satellite fragment and a cloned alpha satellite-containing 2.0-kilobase pair (kbp) BamHI fragment from the pericentromeric region of the human X chromosome. In each somatic cell hybrid DNA, the two probes hybridized to a distinct subset of DNA fragments detected in total human genomic DNA. Thus, alpha satellite DNA on each of the human chromosomes examined--the X and Y chromosomes and autosomes 3, 4, and 21--is organized in a specific and limited number of molecular domains. The data indicate that subsets of alpha satellite DNA on individual chromosomes differ from one another, both with respect to restriction enzyme periodicities and with respect to their degree of sequence relatedness. The results suggest that some, and perhaps many, human chromosomes are characterized by a specific organization of alpha satellite DNA at their centromeres and that, under appropriate experimental conditions, cloned representatives of alpha satellite subfamilies may serve as a new class of chromosome-specific DNA markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous development of organ-specific autoimmune lesions in aged C57BL/6 mice.

We have shown that spontaneously occurring, organ-specific autoimmune lesions develop in aged C57BL/6 mice of both sexes, especially in 24-month-old senescent mice. The inflammatory lesions were found in the multiple organs such as salivary gland, kidney, pancreas, lung, and liver, associated with ageing process. Organ-specific autoimmune lesions first appeared in 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice, and were aggravated with advancing age. In contrast, significant inflammatory changes did not develop in the thyroid, stomach, testis, ovary, and prostate in aged C57BL/6 mice. The incidence and severity of organ-specific autoimmune lesions in this strain of non-autoimmune mice increase with advance of age. The most severely affected lesion was sialadenitis developed in the submandibular salivary gland of aged mice, and a significant difference between male and female mice was noted only in the salivary gland. The infiltrating cells within the lesions of multiple organs consisted mainly of Thy 1.2+ and L3T4+ cells. Autoantibodies were detected in the sera of the mice with each corresponding organ-specific autoimmune lesions.

Aging↗
PubMed2026

Insights into glandular trichome biology from analysis of organ-specific gene expression programmes in cannabis, hop and tomato.

Glandular trichomes (GTs) are epidermal outgrowths in which diverse specialised (secondary) metabolites are synthesised and stored. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) and its close relative hop (Humulus lupulus L.) have pharmaceutical and industrial significance due to the presence of these metabolites in their GTs. We examined the conservation or divergence of the specific transcriptional programmes underlying GT biology. To achieve this, we generated transcriptome atlases of trichomes, flower, leaf, stem and root for cannabis, hop and tomato. We found that 12.9, 10.1 and 16.8% of cannabis, hop and tomato genes, respectively, were expressed organ/tissue specifically across all organs/tissues. Transcription factors (TFs) on average accounted for 7.5% of the organ-specific transcriptome and likely regulate organ-specific functions. We also conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis and gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis to identify key regulators of GT function across the species and validated our predictions by DNA affinity purification sequencing for a subset of the cannabis and tomato GT TFs. The GRNs specific to cannabis or hop GTs were enriched for TFs and target genes associated with specialised metabolism, reflecting their species-specific nature. Conversely, the shared GRN components (identified via orthology analysis) were involved in highly conserved processes, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, solute transport and metabolite storage. Together, these GRNs and the associated transcriptome atlases are valuable resources to improve our knowledge of GT function and organ-specific genome regulation.

Solanum lycopersicum↗