PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Orthotic Devices”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Foot orthotic devices to modify selected aspects of lower extremity mechanics.

Excessive foot pronation has been speculated to be a cause of leg and foot problems among runners. Foot orthotic devices are often used to modify this condition. Examination of the records of 180 patients treated for various running injuries showed that 83 individuals (46%) were prescribed orthotic devices and that 65 of these runners (78%) were able to return to their previous running programs. In order to assess further the effects of this type of orthotic device, six runners were selected from this group and filmed using two cameras (200 frames/sec) under three conditions: (1) barefoot, (2) regular shoe, and (3) regular shoe plus orthotic device. Both the period of pronation and the amount of maximum pronation were significantly reduced by using the foot orthotic device. The data support the conclusion that foot orthotic devices can be successfully used to modify selected aspects of lower extremity mechanics during the support phase of running.

Ankle↗
PubMed1991

Biomechanical analysis of running with 25 degrees inverted orthotic devices.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different rigid foot orthotic devices in controlling subtalar joint subluxation and pronation. A high-speed video analysis system was used to record, store, and analyze data from seven runners: 1) barefoot, 2) shoes only, 3) shoes and vertical orthoses, and 4) shoes with 25 degrees inverted orthotic devices. The results indicate the need for suitable studies, on a larger population group, to evaluate the effect of a variety of orthotic devices on running biomechanics.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Combined effect of foot arch structure and an orthotic device on stress fractures.

In a prospective study, quantitative measures of the structure of the longitudinal arch of the foot were established and related to the incidence of stress fractures in the bones of the lower limbs of military recruits. In addition, the role of a semirigid orthotic device (Langer military stress orthotic) in preventing stress fractures was evaluated as a function of the structure of the longitudinal arch. Femoral and tibial stress fractures were found to be more prevalent in the presence of feet with high arches, whereas the incidence of metatarsal fractures was higher in feet with low arches. The use of an orthotic device reduced the incidence of femoral stress fractures only in the presence of feet with high arches and the incidence of metatarsal fractures only among feet with low arches. The findings suggest that the normal foot with a low arch acts as a better shock absorber than the normal foot with a high arch, and that an orthotic device may improve the shock absorbing capacity of the arch.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Orthotic devices for ambulation in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele.

Children with cerebral palsy and children with myelomeningocele frequently require orthotic devices for standing and walking. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on orthotic devices for walking, present principles of lower-extremity orthoses, discuss designs of orthoses, and consider criteria for selecting orthotic devices. Although discussion of the devices is specific to children with myelomeningocele and to children with cerebral palsy, the orthoses can be used with children having other disabilities. The information presented should be of value to clinicians, educators, and researchers interested in reviewing orthotic applications for children with disabilities.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1992

Mechanical ankle stabilisation due to the use of orthotic devices and peroneal muscle strength. An experimental investigation.

The mechanical stabilising effect of different orthotic devices and artificially applied muscular strength to the peroneal muscles is tested in cadaveric ankle joints and in vivo. Both orthotic devices as well as muscular strengths of 150 N applied to the peroneal muscles can produce a significant reduction in mechanical ankle instability. However, none of these methods alone can stabilise the ankle joint in such way to completely normalise the talar tilt and anterior drawer sign that is found in stable ankle joints. In contrast to that, clinical results in the treatment of sprained ankles with the application of an orthosis, additional muscular strengthening is the best treatment to achieve a sufficient mechanical ankle stability during the period of ligament healing. Additional factors influencing the mechanical ankle stability are supposed.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1976

Hand orthotic device influence on fine neuromuscular control.

With the aid of electromyography, voluntary control of fine neuromuscular activity of deltoid and extensor digitorum communis muscles was studied in patients with motor dysfunction of the upper limb. A sequential training procedure was carried out both while the patient was wearing and not wearing a hand orthosis, during a static posture and dynamic hand movements. There was no difference between the levels of neuromuscular control achieved while wearing and not wearing the orthotic device, but the quality of the neuromuscular control was superior in the proximal limb muscle to that in the more distal muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Orthotic devices in the treatment of injuries of the ankle joint].

For immobilization of foot-crus segment in case of damages of talocrural articulation region is proposed a short orthese, made of polyvic. Elastic properties of the material at convergence of the orthese walls allow to develop the compressive force in the region of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis up to 90 N. Immobilization reliability was judged by tensometry. An orthese allows to set the foot subluxation, make reposition of the malleolus fragments. In case of fracture of the lower third of fibula an appliance with concave control pelot, made on the basis of an orthese, is used. The treatment methods foresee the most complete utilization of extremity functions even during the early post-traumatic periods. An orthese and an appliance with positive results were used by 69 patients with the talocrural articulation damages.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Orthotic devices for serratus anterior palsy: some biomechanical considerations.

The pathomechanics of serratus anterior palsy are reviewed to provide a physiological basis for designing an effective brace. The problems involved in the practical application of the brace and the effectiveness of the brace in controlling the biomechanical dysfunctions are discussed. Two modifications of the basic brace and their effects on the patients' shoulder functions are presented. The main benefit of scapular bracing is control of scapular winging, while loss of active scapular rotation and medial scapular displacement cannot be effectively corrected.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Prosthetics, orthotics, and assistive devices. 4. Orthotic management of selected disorders.

This self-directed learning module presents core information and new advances in the orthotic management of problems of the runner and of patients with neurovascular foot ulcers or arthritis. Additional topics covered include a comprehensive approach to positioning and splinting for burns and tone-reducing orthoses for spasticity management. It is part of the chapter on prosthetics, orthotics, and assistive devices for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cervical orthoses effect on cervical spine motion: roentgenographic and goniometric method of study.

Movement of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane was studied in ten normal subjects from 20 to 30 years of age without and with four different cervical orthoses: (1) polyethylene Camp plastic collar with chin and occiput piece, (2) plastizote Philadelphia collar, (3) four-poster and (4) SOMI (sternal occipital mandibular immobilization). The effect of the orthoses on restricting sagittal motion was measured simultaneously using roentgenographic and bubble goniometric methods. The subject was immobilized in a straight back chair to eliminate trunk motion, and lateral cervical spine films were taken of each subject in neutral, flexion and extension without and with each orthotic device. Distortion forces exerted on the orthotic devices were standardized by measurement of pressures at the chin and occiput. Roentgenographic measurements of flexion and extension and anteroposterior displacement of the cervical spine were compared to the measurements obtained by bubble goniometry. The four-poster and SOMI were found to be most effective in restricting extension and flexion respectively. The polyethylene and plastizote orthoses were significantly less effective in restricting motion. The bubble goniometer is an adequate clinical tool in assessing overall flexion-extension of the cervical spine but is not so precise and does not give information on the degree of motion at an individual vertebral level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Muscular stabilization of the upper ankle joint in lateral instability. An experimental study].

The mechanical stabilizing effect of artificially applied muscular strength to the peroneal tendons was examined in an experimental study using cadaveric lower legs with unstable ankle joints. Therefore the anterior fibulo-talar and the fibulo-calcanear ligament was dissected and the resulting instability with examination of the anterior drawer sign and the talar tilt was measured under standardized conditions. After initial measurement under standardized conditions a muscular strength of 75 N and 150 N was applied and the resulting stability was measured again. In a second experiment an additional orthotic device was applied and the stability was measured again under applied muscular strength. The results demonstrated that stable conditions at the lateral unstable ankle joint are only achievable when a muscular strength of 75 N (ant. drawer sign) or 150 N (talar tilt) is combined with the application of an orthotic device. For clinical treatment this means that functional treatment for ankle sprains with application of an orthotic device needs additional training for improvement of the muscular strength of the peroneal muscles.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of orthotic shoe inserts in the long-distance runner.

Five hundred questionnaires were distributed to long-distance runners who had used, or who were using orthotic shoe inserts for symptomatic relief of lower extremity complaints. Three hundred forty-seven (69.4%) responded (males, 71%; females, 29%). The mean age of the respondents was 36 years (range, 15 to 61). The average distance run per week was 39.6 miles (range, 5 to 98). The mean duration for use of the orthotic inserts was 23 months (range, 1 to 96). The predominant (63%) type of orthotic device used was flexible. The presumed diagnoses in the population studied were excessive pronation (31.1%), leg length discrepancy (13.5%), patellofemoral disorders (12.6%), plantar fasciitis (20.7%), Achilles tendinitis (18.5%), shin splints (7.2%), and miscellaneous (4.9%). Of the runners responding, 262 (75.5%) reported complete resolution or great improvement of their symptoms. Results of treatment with orthotic shoe inserts were independent of the diagnosis or the runner's level of participation. A high degree of overall satisfaction was demonstrated by the finding that 90% of the runners continued to use the orthotic devices even after resolution of their symptoms. Orthotic shoe inserts were most effective in the treatment of symptoms arising from biomechanical abnormalities, such as excessive pronation or leg length discrepancy. Along with other conservative measures, orthotic shoe inserts may allow the athlete to continue participation in running and avoid other treatment modalities that are more costly and time consuming, and therefore less acceptable to them.

Adolescent↗