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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Parathyroid hormone and vertebral osteosclerosis in uremic patients.

Six out of 30 patients with chronic renal failure showed osteosclerosis in the lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine. When two groups with a similar degree of renal impairment were compared, the patients with osteosclerosis were younger and had a significantly higher level of circulating PTH (p less than 0.05) and total hydroxyproline excretion (p less than 0.02), than patients without overt osteosclerosis. The metacarpal cortical thickness was significantly reduced in patients with vertebral osteosclerosis. The results suggest that in patients with chronic uremia endogenous hypersecretion of PTH is one of the most significant factors responsible for the development of osteosclerosis. The mineral released from other skeletal sites could be utilized in the mineralization of the newly formed trabecular bone without any external calcium gain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Focal osteosclerosis and apical periodontal pathoses in "European" and Cape coloured dental outpatients.

Standardized panoramic radiographs were used to determine and compare the prevalences of focal osteosclerosis (including condensing osteitis) and apical periodontal pathoses in a sequential presenting sample of 600 European and 600 Cape Coloured dental outpatients. Most cases of focal osteosclerosis were found in edentulous zones or associated with carious or inadequately restored teeth; however, some were subjacent to apparently sound teeth. Focal osteosclerosis of definite dental origin was just as common in participants aged 25 years and older as in younger individuals. While focal osteosclerosis occurred predominantly in the mandible, apical periodontal pathoses were distributed more evenly between both jaws.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis.

Autosomal dominant osteosclerosis, an entity previously labelled by various names, is clearly separate from Van Buchem disease; Van Buchem disease exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance. The clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant osteosclerosis is a widened and deepened mandible with increased gonial angle. Radiographic manifestations include endosteal sclerosis of the neurocranium with loss of the diploë, osteosclerosis and hyperostosis of the mandible with absence of the normal antegonial notches, endosteal sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones (including metacarpals and metatarsals), and osteosclerosis of the pelvis.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

Central osteosclerosis with ectodermal dysplasia: clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histopathologic characterization with review of the literature.

IBIDS is a syndrome characterized by ichthyosis, brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature, but unassociated with skeletal lesions. This condition is considered a form of trichothiodystrophy because hair from several cases has been found to have a low sulfur content. We describe a 9-year and 10-month-old white boy whose clinical features resemble the IBIDS syndrome (ichthyosis, brittle hair, cataracts, and short stature), but who also has marked axial osteosclerosis and peripheral osteopenia. No abnormalities of mineral homeostasis were noted. Histopathologic assessment of nondecalcified bone specimens excluded osteopetrosis, but suggested slow skeletal remodeling. When subjected to polarized light microscopy, his hair exhibited the band-like pattern of birefringence described in trichothiodystrophy. Literature review disclosed 8 patients, 2 of whom had been diagnosed as trichothiodystrophy, with like clinical features including osteosclerosis. These skeletal abnormalities together with clinical features of the IBIDS/trichiodystrophy syndrome, we believe, reflect the prototype of a disorder that seems best described as central osteosclerosis with ectodermal dysplasia.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1992

Painful diffuse osteosclerosis after intravenous drug abuse.

PURPOSE: We identify a new syndrome of acquired painful diffuse osteosclerosis associated with past intravenous drug abuse in two adults. METHODS: A 28-year-old white woman and a 38-year-old black man with a history of non-A, non-B chronic active hepatitis were referred to us for increasing bone pain that was especially severe in their lower extremities. They were studied at our clinical research center. RESULTS: Skeletal radiographs documented progressive generalized osteosclerosis. Increased bone mass was confirmed by dual-energy radiography, and bone scintigraphy showed diffusely increased radionuclide accumulation. Serum biochemical studies revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin levels, mild to moderately increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and normal parathyroid hormone levels. In urine, hydroxyproline excretion was elevated, whereas calcium levels were reduced. Iliac crest histomorphometry showed increased rates of bone formation. Hematology, renal function, serum protein electrophoresis, and screening for fluorosis as well as vitamin A and heavy metal poisoning were all normal. Family histories were negative. Both patients were seropositive for antibody against hepatitis C virus as well as against Epstein-Barr virus (antiviral capsid antigen IgG but not IgM). Each subject was seronegative for cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) 1 and 2. Assay for reverse transcriptase in lymphocyte co-culture fluid and polymerase chain reaction studies using HIV-1 primers on peripheral monocyte DNA were negative. Treatment with synthetic salmon calcitonin in both individuals rapidly led to decreased bone pain and to a decline in biochemical parameters of accelerated bone turnover. CONCLUSION: Painful diffuse osteosclerosis can follow intravenous drug abuse and is possibly caused by parenteral transmission of a virus that in some way stimulates bone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Terminal phalageal osteosclerosis.

Osteosclerosis of the terminal finger phalanges was assessed by means of a grading score in two age-matched groups of 96 females, each suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthrosis (OA), respectively, and in a sample of 894 males and females, above the age of 44 years, from Dutch small town populations. Cortical thickness of the therminal phalanges decreases markedly with age. Whereas in the age group 45-54 years, terminal phalangeal osteosclerosis is more pronounced in females, at higher ages the difference between the sexes disappears. The diameter of the terminal cortex increases gradually from the second to the fifth finger. No differences were found between the RA and the OA groups, nor were these groups different from the population survey except for a lower incidence of terminal phalangeal osteosclerosis in female osteoarthrotics between 45 and 55 years of age, compared to females of the same age group from the population sample.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Idiopathic acquired diffuse osteosclerosis in a young woman.

We describe a young woman who acquired a painful, diffuse osteosclerosis of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, pelvis, and long bones of the legs as an adult. Bone densitometry showed a large increase in apparent bone density. Skeletal radiographs demonstrated progressive endosteal and periosteal thickening of the cortices. A bone scan showed increased uptake of radiolabel. The serum total alkaline phosphatase and 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels were substantially elevated and the immunoreactive PTH was mildly elevated. Bone biopsy showed increased bone turnover, especially on endocortical and intracortical surfaces, but the structural indices were normal. By 4 years after presentation the bone pain had remitted and the serum alkaline phosphatase, 1,25-(OH)2D3, and PTH were normal. No cause for the occurrence of osteosclerosis in this patient could be found.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for an osteoblast-activating factor in a patient with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and osteosclerosis.

A patient with peripheral T-cell Lymphoma and acquired, systemic osteosclerosis is described. Bone histology showed a spectacular activation of osteoblasts accompanyed by massive new bone formation. Alkaline phosphatase in serum was elevated and increased to greater than 2000 U/l when the lymphoma became refractory to chemotherapy. In the patient's serum an osteoblast-activating factor could be demonstrated using a rat osteogenic osteosarcoma cell line (ROS 17/2.8). The factor was absent during remission of the tumor. We conclude that osteosclerosis was a paraneoplastic syndrome in this patient due to the secretion of an osteoblast-stimulating factor by the T-cell lymphoma. This situation is similar to the secretion of osteoclast-activating factors described in B-cell lymphomas, particularly multiple myeloma. The characterization of such a factor could be of therapeutic relevance.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Osteosclerosis in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Osteosclerosis in adults with primary hyperparathyoidism is rare; the usual skeletal manifestation, when presented, is diffuse osteropenia. We describe a patient with generalized osteosclerosis in association with primary hyperparathyroidism. The findings are documented by conventional and fine-detail radiography, absorptiometric bone mineral analysis, quantitative microradiography and histologic examination of bone. The unique features are contrasted with the manifestations recorded in a recently studied group of 87 hyperparathyroid patients. The data presented here support a causal relationship in this patient between parathyroid hormone excess and the development of densely sclerotic bones.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

The frequency and distribution of idiopathic osteosclerosis.

Full-mouth radiographs of 1921 patients were examined for the presence of radiopacities that could not be attributed to any known sources of bone formation. A total of 103 patients, or 5.4%, exhibited these foci of idiopathic osteosclerosis. Most lesions were located in the vicinity of the mandibular premolars, and the majority had some connection to the apices of the teeth. No difference in frequency between males and females was detected overall, but a statistically significant preponderance of idiopathic osteosclerosis was found in blacks, with a predilection for black females also noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Metastatic calcification within bone. The main cause of osteosclerosis in hypervitaminosis D3. Radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Because the pathogenesis of osteosclerosis in hypervitaminosis D is still not well elucidated, the authors experimentally studied hypervitaminosis D3 in 66 rabbits by injecting different doses of vitamin D3. Contact radiographs of bone specimens showed various signs of osteosclerosis, including dense epiphyses and metaphyses, thickened bony articular surfaces, dense metaphyseal bands, modeling defects at the metaphysis, and dense and thickened cortical bone. The corresponding pathologic sections showed that conspicuous metastatic calcification coated the trabeculae and filled bone marrow cavity and caverns in the original but porotic cortical and periosteal new bone. Rather than being resorbed, the metastatic calcifications were embedded in a thick layer of newly formed bone 6 to 14 weeks after vitamin D3 withdrawal. This study suggests that in hypervitaminosis D3, the osteoblasts and bone marrow undergo degeneration, leading to necrosis and calcification. After vitamin D3 withdrawal, osteoblasts reappear and become overactive, leading to overossification.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Diffuse osteosclerosis in hairy cell leukemia.

We describe two patients with a new clinical pathologic syndrome of diffuse osteosclerosis in association with hairy cell leukemia. In both patients bone marrow biopsies could not be obtained due to extremely hard bones and inability to insert the biopsy needle; neither patient had a history of bony pain or fracture. The osteosclerotic process in one patient stabilized after successful treatment of her hairy cell leukemia with interferon alpha and deoxycoformycin suggesting that the osteosclerosis observed was related to the underlying malignant disease. Possible etiologic mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Acro-osteosclerosis in the course of sarcoidosis (author's transl)].

The authors report two cases of acro-osteosclerosis occurring during sarcoidosis. Condensation lesions involve above all the distal and proximal phalanges of the hands. Comparison of these cases with those in the literature indicates that these particular types of bone changes in association with sarcoidosis are more common than indicated in the studies of Jüngling (occurrence estimated at 54% of subjects suffering from sarcoidosis with bone localisations). This acro-osteosclerosis is however not specific to sarcoidosis. It is seen in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, Hodgkin's disease and other haematological disorders. It has also been seen in normal individuals in X-rays taken at the time of a traumatic accident.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1978

Mental retardation and osteosclerosis.

We report a girl with profound mental retardation who, at 3 years of age, began to show a progressive osteosclerosis on bone roentgenograms. The bony changes were slightly suggestive of osteopetrosis from which they differed by a number of unusual features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The significance of idiopathic osteosclerosis found in panoramic radiographs of sporadic colorectal neoplasia patients and their relatives.

Osteosclerotic lesions in the mandible are reported with increased frequency in patients with colorectal neoplasia. Panoramic radiography has been suggested to detect high-risk patients among relatives of patients with hereditary adenomatous disease and sporadic colorectal cancer. The present study was undertaken to compare the incidence of idiopathic osteosclerotic lesions in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and their first-degree relatives with the incidence in the general population and to determine whether panoramic radiographs are a reliable method to screen for early detection of risk of colorectal cancer. A total of 283 patients were interviewed and radiographically examined. Idiopathic osteosclerosis appeared in significantly increased incidence only in patients with colorectal cancer or adenomas and a first-degree relative with CRC (chi 2 = 7.214; p less than 0.01, and chi 2 = 4.1827; p less than 0.05 respectively). The incidence was not increased in first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer or adenoma. Therefore panoramic radiographs cannot be the only screening tool for early detection of patients at high risk of colorectal cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Familial osteosclerosis with abnormalities of the nervous system and meninges.

A mother and daughter with osteosclerotic dysplasia are described. The daughter had generalized osteosclerosis, flattening of the angles of the mandibles, high-arched palate, mandibular and facial bone hypoplasia, a large sella turcica, and spacious foramen magnum, platybasia, basilar impression, widened spinal cord with enlarged intervertebral foramina, and scalloping of the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. Radiographic contrast studies and operative intervention revealed multiple thoracic and lumbar meningoceles and an "empty" sella, as well as evidence of maldevelopment of the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Many of these skeletal features were noted to a lesser degree in the asymptomatic mother.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Osteosclerosis (punctate form) in multiple myeloma.

Generalized punctate and nodular osteosclerosis associated with multiple myeloma is reported with review of the literature and differential diagnoses. This patient differs from some others reported earlier in the absence of any recognized osteolytic lesions either during life or at autopsy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗