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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Histology and histochemistry of the seal ovaries and the age-related changes in the ovaries of the Greenland seal].

Histological and histochemical methods were used to study the ovaries of Greenland seal (Pagophoca groenlandica) from birth-time up to 30 years of age and mature females of Phoca vitulina and Erignathus barbatus. The ovary of the new-born Greenland seal has fetal medullary substance which is a provisory endocrinous gland producing not only sex hormones but also corticosteron. In other species of seals the intestinal cells of the medullary substance are the equivalent of this gland. Within 3-4 weeks after birth the reduction of the fetal medullary substance is completed, it is substituted by the connective tissue and the ovary acquires its typical structure. The rest of the fetal medullary substance is in the depth of the cortex and near the infundibulum of the ovary as lipofuscincontaining cells. When the maturation period approaches, the process of the follicle atresia regularly changes: the epithelium dies quicker, and the multiplication of intestinal cells increases. The ovaries of seals are rich in interstitial cells. Their amount cyclically changes. The cells producing steroid hormones always well hydrolize AS naphthyl-phosphates, the reaction with glycerophosphate is more variable. The connective tissue is poor in acid mucopolysaccharides, its amorphous substance in the ovary cortex is rich in protein. Senile changes of the ovary are noticed in the seal beginning from 20 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The silent ovary: a five year survey of cancer of the ovary at the Hutt Hospital 1973-1977.

Cancer of the ovary is the leading cause of death from gynaecological cancer. Forty-six cases are reported to re-emphasise certain features. These include the short history and the high mortality rate regardless of what treatment is used. Whereas improvement has occurred in the treatment of cancer of the corpus and the cervix, there has been no improvement over two decades in cancer of the ovary. The moral of this tale, is to advise your women folk to avoid cancer of the ovary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ovaries and adrenals in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. I. Histopathological changes of the ovaries in acute and chronic infection.

Acute and chronic infections with schistosomiasis mansoni in mice were found to cause a reduction of the ovarian weight and atrophy of the corpus luteum cells, followed by lymphocytic and stroma cell infiltration. Finally, the corpora lutea disappeared completely. Acute schistosomiasis caused arrested development of the corpora lutea. Both acute and chronic schistosomiasis led to the formation of "wheel cells" in the interstitial tissue of the ovaries. A threshold level of intensity of disease was found to be necessary for these pathological changes. With less severe schistosomiasis, the morphology of the corpora lutea remained normal. The more intensive and long-lasting the infection, the greater became the atrophy of corpora lutea. The various factors which could have caused these pathological alterations are discussed in the light of available literature, and it is suggested that a pituitary hypofunction, and particularly a lack of luteinizing hormone effect, may play a role in the pathological transformation of the ovarian tissue.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Histologic study of ovaries from young women with endometrial adenocarcinoma.

A histologic study of 15 ovaries from patients in whom endometrial adenocarcinoma developed before the age of 40 years was performed. These ovaries were randomized with control groups of 21 age-matched normal ovaries and 25 ovaries from patients who had Stein-Leventhal syndrome. The study was done in an attempt to determine whether the ovaries from these young patients showed any histologic feature that would indicate abnormal ovarian function resulting in unopposed estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. Histologic features assessed included type and size of cysts, presence and number of primary follicles, corpora lutea, corpora albicantia, and presence of stromal luteinization and sclerosis. Analysis of the results indicated that from a histologic point of view ovaries of patients less than 40 years old who have endometrial adenocarcinoma are more similar to normal ovaries than to polycystic ovaries. Only 11.1% of ovaries of the study group had features suggestive of polycystic ovarian disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Between-ovary interaction in the regulation of follicle growth, corpus luteum function, and gonadotropin secretion in the primate ovarian cycle. III. Temporal and spatial dissociation of folliculogenesis and negative feedback regulation of tonic gonadotropin release after luteectomy in rhesus monkeys.

This study was designed to examine effects of previous ovarian status on subsequent follicle growth and the role of between-ovary communication in the regulation of folliculogenesis and gonadotropin secretion during the primate ovarian cycle. Responses to luteectomy were compared in two groups of rhesus monkeys. In the first, follicle growth and corpus luteum function had been constrained chronically to a single ovary by hemiovariectomy performed 66--258 days earlier; the second group was composed of intact monkeys that underwent contralateral wedge resection at luteectomy. In each group, luteal ablation was followed by a prompt fall in serum progesterone levels, a premature onset of menses, and the next preovulatory gonadotropin surges 14.7 +/- 1.1 or 15.4 +/- 1.4 days later (mean +/- SE; P greater than 0.25). Although the patterns of circulating estradiol before and after ablation in each group were superimposable, luteectomy in monkeys lacking a contralateral ovary was followed by a large (2- to 4-fold) and prolonged (7--10 days) increase in serum FSH, whereas in monkeys with two ovaries, serum FSH levels exhibited only a small short-lived rise. The findings indicate that 1) prior chronic constraint of ovarian function to a single ovary did not alter the overall time course of new follicle growth culminating in ovulation after luteectomy; 2) the contralateral ovary provided the principal negative feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion for some time after luteectomy even though it may not have been the exclusive site of new follicle growth; 3) whereas the ability of the luteectomized ovary to regulate tonic gonadotropin secretion was temporarily impaired, its ability to support the customary temporal pattern of follicle growth after luteal ablation was not; 4) some (contralateral) ovarian factor other than estradiol or progesterone apparently made a major contribution to the regulation of FSH secretion after luteectomy; and 5) folliculogenesis culminating in ovulation from a single follicle and the negative feedback regulation of tonic gonadotropin secretion in some circumstances may occur concurrently but separately on opposite ovaries or may occur at different times within the same ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Studies on sex-organ development. The hormonal regulation of steroidogenesis and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in embryonic-chick ovary.

1. We investigated the production of steroid hormones by the ovaries of the developing embryonic chick under conditions of organ culture. Radioimmunoassay techniques were used to measure the amount of steroid hormone released into the culture medium. Stimulation of the production of steroid hormones by choriogonadotropin from the urine of pregnant human was dose-dependent. Oestradio and testosterone production was optimal when 20 i.u. of gonadotropic hormone was present in the culture medium 2. During development, both left and right ovaries responded to gonadotropic hormone stimulation with a 2.5-3-fold increase in oestrogen production. However, the right ovary was twice as efficient in testosterone production as the left one. The presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the culture medium of the embryonic ovaries mimicked the effect of the gonadotropic hormone. 3. The human choriogonadotropic hormone stimulated cyclic AMP production in the embryonic ovarian tissue. Thyrotropin, growth hormone and insulin had no stimulating effect. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine potentiated the gonadotropic hormone effect by increasing the concentration of cyclic AMP in the ovarian tissue. 4. The amount of cyclic AMP synthesized in the embryonic ovary was gradually increased (from 1.2 to 6.5 pmol/mg of tissue) when incubated with increasing doses of human choriogonadotropic hormone in vitro. The newly synthesized cyclic AMP reached the maximum concnentration after 30 min of incubation, then decreased at 2 h of incubation. A portion of the newly synthesized cyclic AMP was released into the culture medium. 5. At various developmental stages, both left and right embryonic-chick ovaries responded to stimulation by gonadotropic hormone with an increase in cyclic AMP production. The cyclic AMP concentration in the right ovary was 80% higher than that in the corresponding left ovary.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Studies on the RNA synthesized in the ovary of immature rats after HCG administration (author's transl)].

Although many researchers have reported that RNA synthesis in the ovary is enhanced by gonadotropin treatment, there are only a few papers concerning the character of newly synthesized RNA after gonadotropin treatment. In this paper, the RNA synthesized in the ovary of immature rats after HCG treatment was qualitatively studied. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 0.3 mc per rat of 3H-uridine at a certain time interval after injection of HCG (10 iu/rat) and the ovaries were subsequently isolated after 15, 30 or 60 minutes. RNA was extracted from the homogenate of the ovaries according to the hot phenol method after Scherrer and Darnell. The 3H-RNA thus extracted was treated with electrophoretically purified DNase to break down and remove DNA that mingled with it. The RNA solution ultimately obtained was analysed on a 3-20% sucrose gradient. The different fractions thus separated were then subjected to measurement of radioactivity and optical density at 260 mmug. The RNA extracted from the ovary of immature untreated rat labeled with 3H-uridine for 15 minutes showed a flat pattern of radioactivity from the top to the bottom fractions with low radioactivity. Otherwise, when labeled for one hour, the RNA showed a pattern of radioactivity like those of optical density at 260 mumu with peaks of r-RNAs and t-RNA. When the ovary was pulse-labeled with 3H-uridine for 15 minutes starting 2 hours after injection of HCG, the RNA with a large S value was synthesized and the pattern of variation in radioactivity was that of rising near the bottom fraction and declining with access to the top fraction. The results obtained by labeling for 15 minutes starting 40 hours after PMS administration were similar to those obtained in immature untreated rats. The patterns of radioactivity in RNA obtained by the labeling for 15 minutes starting 2 hours after HCG and 42 hours after PMS were similar to those starting 2 hours after only HCG injection. The patterns of radioactivity became similar to those of optical density at 260 mmu, when the ovaries were labeled for 30 or 60 minutes. From these results, it was suggested that the newly synthesized RNA 2 hours after HCG was constructed from m-RMA with rapid turn over and precursors of r-RNAs and t-RNA. This RNA synthesis was blocked by pretreatment with actinomycin but not by cycloheximide. From these results, it was suggested that enhancement in RNA polymerase activity or change in template capacity of DNA which would have an effect on RNA synthesis was not based on newly synthesized protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain during vitellogenesis.

Ovarian lipids are essential nutrients that fundamentally determine oocyte and offspring quality, and ultimately affect the reproductive performance of decapod crustaceans. Lipids accumulated in the ovaries during vitellogenesis are mainly derived from the hepatopancreas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in the hepatopancreas and ovaries during vitellogenesis remain largely unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses were conducted on the hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. From early to late vitellogenic stages, 454 lipid species were significantly increased and 17 decreased in abundance in the hepatopancreas, and 609 increased and 23 decreased in abundance in the ovaries. Meanwhile, there were 1481 upregulated and 963 downregulated transcripts in the hepatopancreas, and 3402 upregulated and 1478 downregulated transcripts in the ovaries. Subsequently, KEGG pathway co-enrichment analysis showed that the de novo biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids was enhanced in the hepatopancreas, with upregulated ALDH, GPAT, plsC, PLPP, FASN, and HSD17B8 transcripts and elevated abundances of PC, PE, PS, PA, PG, DG, and TG species from the early to late vitellogenic stages in mud crabs. In contrast, glycerophospholipid catabolism and conversion were activated in the ovaries, with upregulated PLA2G, LYPLA1, NTE, GPCPD1, PLD_1, PGS1, and CRLS transcripts and elevated abundances of LPC, LPE, LPS species. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism during vitellogenesis in decapod crustaceans.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Follicular development in ovaries of children with Down's syndrome.

Ovaries of children with Down's syndrome were examined histologically in order to determine in what way the ovarian development differed from the normal. Twenty-six specimens obtained at autopsy at various ages between birth and 14 1/2 years were available and compared with ovaries from normal children of similar ages. All ovaries from normal children were characterized by active follicle growth. The ovaries of the children with Down's syndrome, however, showed absence or retardation of follicle growth. Furthermore the number as well as the size of the antral follicles differed from those in the normal ovary. The decrease of the number of small follicles occurs earlier in life in the ovaries of children with Down's syndrome than in the control. The possible relationship between an abnormal ovarian growth pattern and hormonal imbalance is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Ontogenic development of the responsiveness in cAMP synthesis to LH and PGE1 and gonadotropin receptors in the rat ovary.

Incubation of ovaries derived from rats aged 9, 13, 16, and 20 days with LH resulted in a significant rise in cAMP synthesis. The ovaries from 2- and 5-day-old rats were, however, unresponsive to stimulation by LH. By contrast, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) evoked a sharp response in ovarian synthesis of cAMP even in 2-day-old rats. In order to determine why neonatal ovaries do not respond to LH, gonadotropic receptors have been studied. HCG binding sites were present in homogenates of untreated and gonadotropins primed rat ovaries. The specificity of this 125I-HCG binding was demonstrated by the competition of unlabeled HCG and LH for binding sites and failure of such binding to occur in specimens obtained from control tissues. FSH, ACTH and growth hormone were not able to compete significantly for 125I-HCG binding. The HCG receptor is present in ovaries during the whole postnatal period. The results suggest that the unresponsiveness of neonatal rat ovaries to LH is not caused by later maturation of gonadotropic receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Tumours of the ovary in young women. The way they arise and the limits of conservative treatment (author's transl)].

Although tumours of the ovary are rare in woman under the age of 35 they are not exceptional and they form 15 p. 100 of the cases (17 patients) out of a series of 112 tumours of the ovary which were collected in 7 years. 11 of these patients had only one ovary affected and were able to be treated conservatively. In this way 5 of them were able to carry one or more pregnancies to term and another patient who was lost from observation for two years had to have a second operation to deal with a recurrence in the opposite ovary. Conservative treatment is only permissible if one is absolutely sure that the contro-lateral ovary is normal, and if there is the slightest doubt ovariotomy should be carried out to perform a biopsy. Furthermore the authors suggest that in view of the difficulties of strict supervision for a long term the opposite ovary and tube should be removed and hysterectomy carried out once the patient has had one or two children or when they have reached the age of 40.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Selection of malignant melanoma variant cell lines for ovary colonization.

Murine melanoma line B16-F1, which shows some specificity for metastatic organ colonization of lung but rarely metastasizes to ovary, was used to select variant cell lines with increased preference for experimental ovary metastasis. Ovary-colonizing melanoma cell lines were sequentially selected in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice by repeated intravenous administration and surgical recovery of ovarian melanoma tumors for tissue culture. After ten selections for experimental ovary metastasis, line B16-010 was established which formed experimental metastatic ovary tumors in almost every test animal. In tissue culture B16-010 cells grew in circular colonies with rounded, smooth cell peripheries compared to B16-F1 cells which were flatter, grew in irregular patterns, and exhibited long cellular projections. Ovary-selected B16 lines contained less melanin pigment (B16-010 less than B16-05 less than B16-01 approximately equal to B16-F1) compared to the parental melanoma line. Together with previous cloning and selection data, these results are consistent with the preexistence of highly malignant cells in the parental tumor population that possess the ability to metastasize to specific organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Surface ultrastructure of polycystic ovaries as viewed by electron microscopy.

Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe surface fine structure of germinal epithelium and granulosa cells of human ovaries from 24 patients with polycystic ovaries and primary infertility. Synthetic LH-RH was administered intravenously and serum LH was measured at frequent intervals before and after LH-RH injection. The PCO patients were arbitrarily classified into two groups on the basis of ovarian morphology: typical PCO (Type I) with greater LH response than the lower LH response of a typical PCO (Type II). The germinal epithelium which did not completely cover the surface of the normal ovary was characterized by patchy areas of cells with and without dense microvilli. In normal preovulatory follicles, most granulosa cells were polyhedral in shape with smooth surfaces, whereas those facing the follicular cavity were elongated and flattened and were covered with material having a filamentous/reticular texture. In PCO the germinal epithelium surrounding the whole surface possessed dense microvilli, solitary cilia, and blebs, resembling the fetal ovary. In normal ovaries, the follicular cells were uniform in size and shape with microvilli and evaginations. The PCO cells have irregular size and shape with few microvilli.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Free and esterified cholesterol concentration and cholesteryl ester composition in the ovaries of maturing and superovulated immature rats.

The cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentration and cholesteryl ester composition were determined in the ovaries of immature rats, sexually mature rats and superovulated immature rats. The immature rat ovary accumulated cholesteryl esters, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were preferentially incorporated into these esters. The cholesteryl esters decreased in concentration and changed in composition with the onset of the first estrous cycle. Superovulation of immature rats, by injection of 50 I.U. pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, caused a decrease in the cholesteryl ester concentration of the ovary within 24 h and specific depletion of some esters, particularly those of 20 : 1 and 22 : 6 acids. Human choriogonadotropin, administered 54 h later, induced synchronous luteinization of the ovaries and was followed by increases in the concentration of free and esterified cholesterol and preferential accumulation of the esters of 20 : 4, 22 : 4, 4, 22 : 5 and 22 : 6 acids. Acute stimulation of luteinized ovaries by a second injection of the rats with 25 I.U. of human choriogonadotropin resulted in preferential hydrolysis of the esters of 18 : 1, 20 : 4, 22 : 4 and 22 : 5 acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of the metabolism of exogenous cyclic AMP by perfused rat heart and incubated prepubertal rat ovary.

In order to study the metabolism of extracellular 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), rat hearts were perfused and prepubertal rat ovaries incubated with 3H- and 32P-labelled cAMP (0.025-1 muM). The rate of disappearance of cAMP from the medium was determined by "Ba-Zn-precipitation" and degradation products of 3H- and 32P-CAMP by paper chromatography. Both tissues degraded cAMP to 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP), but the enzyme kinetic for this phosphodiesterase activity was different (apparent Km value for the heart 3.95 muM and for the ovary 0.2 muM). AMP was further degraded, since also other labelled substances were found in the medium. An uptake of both 3H- and 32P-labelled substance(s) into the heart and the ovary was noticed. Tissue extracts contained several labelled purines, but the amounts of labelled cAMP did not exceed expected amounts in the extracellular space. In the ovary the uptake of cAMP and AMP seemed to be low, since the uptake of labelled substances was inhibited by high concentrations of unlabelled AMP or adenosine. The degradation of 32P-cAMP was unchanged when AMP was present, strongly suggesting that the phosphodiesterase enzyme was acting extracellularly. In the heart added AMP was very rapidly degraded making it impossible to elucidate whether cAMP was degraded extracellularly or not. It is concluded that elimination of extracellular cAMP under physiological conditions can be due to degradation of cAMP by various tissues. At least for the ovary this phosphodiesterase enzyme is extracellularly active.

Adenine↗