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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunohistological characterization of mucin epitopes by pre-treatment of gastro-intestinal sections with periodic acid.

Periodate pretreatment of paraffin sections of ethanol-fixed gastrointestinal mucosae was used to characterize the carbohydrate or peptidic nature of mucin epitopes by immunoperoxidase. Immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against histo-blood group related carbohydrate epitopes such as A, Lea, Lec, Sialosyl Lea, H type 2, I, T, Tn and sialosyl Tn dramatically decreased or even disappeared after periodate pretreatment of deparaffinized sections. In contrast, the immunoreactivity of MAbs against peptide mucin epitopes such as the gastric M1 mucin epitopes was almost unaffected by this treatment. Moreover, periodate treatment revealed cryptic peptide M1 mucin epitopes and the peptide MUSE11 epitope associated with the 20 amino acid tandem repeat (PDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSA). An increase of cross-reactions of anti-human M1 MAbs with gastric epithelium of different vertebrate species was detected with periodate treatment. Our results suggest that this method can be useful for preliminary characterization of the biochemical nature of mucin epitopes (peptidic or saccharidic) and for demasking peptidic tumour markers which are hidden by saccharide molecules in normal tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1941

Some applications of periodic acid to the study of the hydroxyamino-acids of protein hydrolysates: The liberation of acetaldehyde and higher aldehydes by periodic acid. 2. Detection and isolation of formaldehyde liberated by periodic acid. 3. Ammonia split from hydroxyamino-acids by periodic acid. 4. The hydroxyamino-acid fraction of wool. 5. ;Hydroxylysine' With an Appendix by Florence O. Bell Textile Physics Laboratory, University of Leeds.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Enhancement of the periodic acid--Schiff (PAS) and periodic acid--thiocarbohydrazide--silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) reaction in LR white sections.

LR White is a well-suited resin for the demonstration of carbohydrates with the PAS or PA-TCH-SP reaction in semithin and ultrathin sections. The intensity of these reactions can be greatly enhanced by using 3 steps in tissue preparation, either singly or in combination: 1) The PAS reaction in semithin sections turns out stronger after partial (70% ethanol) than complete (100% ethanol) dehydration of the tissue before its transfer to 100% LR White. 2) Silver enhancement of the PA-TCH-SP reaction product can simply be effected by physical development of ultrathin sections (PA-TCH-SP-SE reaction). Least precipitates are formed in this procedure, when sections are mounted on uncoated gold grids, processed for cytochemistry, and thinly coated with carbon in the end. 3) The use of hot silver proteinate (50 degrees C) plus strong silver enhancement (15-20 min silver lactate developer) reveals minute concentrations of TCH-labelled aldehyde groups in the tissue that do not react with silver proteinate at room temperature.--Silver enhancement and the use of hot silver proteinate do not depend on LR White, but may also be applied to ultrathin sections of tissue embedded in other resins.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1960

The buffered performic-acid-alcian-blue-periodic-acid-Schiff method for the differentiation of basophils in the human and rat pituitary.

The difficulty of using a single method for staining rat and human pituitary was investigated by testing separately and in different combinations the effects of the various components in the performic-acid-alcian-blue(P.F.A.B.)-periodic-acid-Schiff(P.A.S.) method (Adams and Swettenham, 1958). In this way the possibility of inhibiting or enhancing by one procedure the staining effects of the other could be assessed. The profound influence of fixation on these staining methods was demonstrated by employing the same set of staining methods on tissues fixed in different ways. The possibility that unbuffered performic acid might exert a considerable solvent action on certain proteins was considered to be related to the difficulty of applying the P.F.A.B.-P.A.S. method to the rat pituitary. Buffered performic acid has far less solvent action and the P.F.A.B.-P.A.S. method, modified by the replacement of buffered for unbuffered performic acid, proved to be successful in the demonstration of two types of basophil cells in both rat and man.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1992

Calcium is required for the mitogenic activation of lymphocytes by periodic acid oxidation.

This investigation of Ca2+ requirements for the mitogenic activation of lymphocytes by periodic acid has shown that oxidation by periodate causes an immediate and transient increase of Ca2+ influx and efflux in oxidized cells. Oxidized lymphocytes maintained in the medium containing 0.2 mM Ca2+ failed to proliferate or to produce IL-2, whereas a 1.4 mM Ca2+ concentration was shown to be sufficient to sustain cellular proliferation and IL-2 secretion. These results indicate that mitogenic activation of lymphocytes by periodic acid oxidation is Ca(2+)-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Indirect sulphonation of mucopolysaccharides and glycogen in tissue sections with the use of bisulphite or dithionite after periodic acid oxidation.

Tissue mucopolysaccharides and glycogen can be indirectly sulphated after being oxidized by periodic acid and treated with sodium bisulphite or dithionite in aqueous solution. The sulphated sites are darkly stained by Roluidine Blue and realted dyes at pH less than 1.0. The background is very pale or colourless. The stained sections resist extraction with 1% hydrochloric acid for 48 hr, but can be extracted by 5% ammonium hydroxide in ethanol in 1 hr. Other oxidizing agents cannot be substituted for periodic acid.

Dithionite↗
PubMed1992

Periodic acid incubation can replace hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and trypsin digestion in immunogold--silver staining of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in plastic sections and allows the PAS reaction.

We have examined the possibility of improving the present methods of detecting bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and for combining the PAS reaction with the BrdU detection by means of immunogold-silver staining (IGSS). This was done in testes fixed in Carnoy or Bouin, and in parts of the small intestine which were fixed in Carnoy or periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP). All tissues were embedded in a mixture of glycol methacrylate and butanediol-monoacrylate. It was found to be impossible to carry out BrdU detection using HCl hydrolysis and trypsin digestion in combination with a PAS reaction. However, incubation of the plastic sections in periodic acid for a period of 30 minutes appeared to make it possible to eliminate the HCl denaturation step and to carry out a specific PAS reaction. Moreover, after incubation in periodic acid, trypsin digestion was no longer required to make the BrdU label accessible in GMA-embedded sections, nor to re-expose the antigenic sites in plastic sections of tissues fixed with cross-linking fixatives. In this way the loss of cell structures, which is inevitable when trypsin is used, can be avoided. Now a BrdU detection with improved morphology can be combined with the PAS reaction in the same plastic section in order to stain tissue carbohydrates. This is important for tumour diagnosis, where the PAS reaction can be very useful.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Oxidation of tissue polysaccharides by periodic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide and its anhydrous and aqueous mixtures.

Periodic acid (1% w/v) solvated by anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) readily induced a strong Schiff reaction in a variety of structures containing polysaccharides, but not glycogen. With the increasing amounts of water added to DMSO, glycogen was also oxidized, while the selective localization of other polysaccharides remained unimpaired. Periodate, solvated in the anhydrous acetic acid-DMSO mixture, rapidly induced concomitant oxidation of nucin and glycogen-containing structures. Sodium bisulfite addition derivatives of carbonyls, induced by periodate oxidation in DMSO, were stained meta- and orthochromatically with toluidine blue at controlled pH. Certain metachromatic tissue components were strongly birefringent in polarized light in contrast to the identical structures oxidized by aqueous periodate. Marked differences in staining reactions elicited in identical structures by periodate in DMSO as compared with aqueous periodate suggest that DMSO-periodate method considerably enhances the range of histochemical oxidations by periodate.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of glomerular deposits of various renal diseases on light microscopy using periodic acid thionin [PATS]-chromotrope staining].

We devised a periodic acid thionine schiff (PATS)-chromotrope method to detect the glomerular deposits more distinctly than conventional staining methods. The PATS-chromotrope method was compared with other immunological staining methods, such as immunofluorescence method and avidin biotin complex method. Formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded renal tissues were obtained from 26 patients with IgA nephropathy, 8 with lupus nephritis, 4 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, 3 with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 3 with hepatitis-B associated nephropathy. Thionine Schiff reagent was used instead of fuchsin-schiff reagent to stain the basement membrane blue. Subsequently, chromotrope 2R was used to stain the glomerular deposits. For immunofluorescence method, frozen renal tissues were stained with FITC-labelled anti-human IgG, IgA, C3 and fibrinogen. For avidin biotin complex method, the same sections as PATS-chromotrope method were stained with anti-human IgG, IgA, and C3. In PATS-chromotrope method, deposits were identified in 9 of 26 specimens with IgA nephropathy, 3 of 8 specimens with lupus nephritis, and one of 3 specimens with hepatitis-B associated nephropathy. Localization of deposits in PATS-chromotrope method was identified more distinctly than immunofluorescence method or avidin biotin complex method. PATS-chromotrope method is useful to detect the deposition of immune complex on routine light microscopy in human glomerular disease.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein: sensitivity of periodic acid Schiff stain to carbohydrate deficiency.

We have investigated the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) Coomassie staining ratio of the human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (fVIII/vWf) protein. The PAS-Coomassie staining ratio is consistent over 8 days. The PAS-Coomassie ratio of fVIII/vWf protein purified from different starting materials does not appear to be significantly different. The PAS stain can detect as little as 300 ng of carbohydrate in the fVIII/vWf protein. Desialation did not affect the PAS-Coomassie ratio, while removal of penultimate galactose resulted in a marked reduction in the PAS-Coomassie ratio. This reduction was further accentuated with the removal of N-acetylglucosamine. The smaller multimers of the fVIII/vWf protein have a reduced sialic acid and PAS-Coomassie staining ratio. This difference does not appear to be related to the sialic acid deficiency but may be related to the distribution or organization of the carbohydrate moieties on the smaller fVIII/vWf multimers.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗