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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Pharmacognosy and reverse pharmacognosy: a new concept for accelerating natural drug discovery.

Combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening (HTS) have led to the identification of numerous agents that are active and selective in vitro. Identifying drugs that are active in vivo, however, remains a challenge. Traditional medicinal cures based on natural materials have proven useful for many populations worldwide, representing huge and disperse tracts of knowledge that are sometimes neglected in Western research due to differences in the concepts of illness. In this review we introduce a new approach, termed 'reverse pharmacognosy' (from diverse molecules to plants), which can be coupled with pharmacognosy (from biodiverse plants to molecules). Reverse pharmacognosy utilizes new techniques, such as HTS, virtual screening and a knowledge database containing the traditional uses of plants. Integrating pharmacognosy and reverse pharmacognosy in the research process may provide an efficient and rapid tool for natural drug discovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A brief history of the development of Turkish pharmacognosy].

1839-1909: The Foundation Period: The education of pharmacy through the apprenticeship system ended up as a "Pharmacology Branch" of the "Military Medical School" which was founded in 1839 in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire. A "Civil Pharmacology Branch" was founded in 1867. The education of pharmacognosy, called "Matiere Medicale" and "Mufredat-i Tip" too, was started during this period. 1909 (1913)-1945: The Institutionalization Period; The education of pharmacognosy as it is understood today was included in the curriculum of the Pharmacology School in 1909, before the foundation of the Turkish Republic; however, the pharmacognosy education was eventually started in 1913. During this period, the School of Pharmacology was administratively a part of the Medical School: and later the School of Science; then it was reattached to the Medical School, yet it had its own separate building. 1945-1963: The Period of Development: This is the period when academic studies on pharmacognosy started and a "Pharmacognosy Institute" was established as a part of the Pharmacology School of the Medical School in 1945. Professor doctor Sarim Celebioglu, who had a Ph.D from Berlin University, was appointed as a director of this institute and directed it until 1962. Approximately for 40 years the education and research on pharmacognosy and pharmaceutical botany was handled only in the Istanbul University. 1962-1997: Reform and Improvement Period: Today there are eight pharmacology schools in Turkey; three in Ankara, one in Erzurum (1997), one in Eskisehir, two in Instanbul and one in Izmir. Pharmacognosy education is carried out in all of these schools. Additionally, there are three research centers which were founded by the pharmacognosy divisions of the Ankara, Anadolu and Istanbul Universities.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacognosy in the 21st century.

The term pharmacognosy as a constituent scientific discipline of pharmacy has been in use for nearly 200 years, and it refers to studies on natural product drugs. During the last half of the 20th century, pharmacognosy evolved from being a descriptive botanical subject to one having a more chemical and biological focus. At the beginning of the 21st century, pharmacognosy teaching in academic pharmacy institutions has been given new relevance, as a result of the explosive growth in the use of herbal remedies (phytomedicines) in modern pharmacy practice, particularly in western Europe and North America. In turn, pharmacognosy research areas are continuing to expand, and now include aspects of cell and molecular biology in relation to natural products, ethnobotany and phytotherapy, in addition to the more traditional analytical method development and phytochemistry. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained in two multidisciplinary natural product drug discovery projects, aimed at the elucidation of new plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents and novel cancer chemopreventives, respectively. The systematic study of herbal remedies offers pharmacognosy groups an attractive new area of research, ranging from investigating the biologically active principles of phytomedicines and their mode of action and potential drug interactions, to quality control, and involvement in clinical trials.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A review of development of pharmacognosy].

OBJECTIVE: To Review the development of pharmacognosy in China. METHODS: Based on relevant materials. RESULTS: The characteristics of the development of pharmacognosy in China have been summarized. CONCLUSION: With the passage of time, the science of pharmacognosy will take up a new scientific connotation and enter a new developing stage which may be called "The Period of Natural Pharmacognosy".

China↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacognosy: the oldest modern science.

The use of drugs goes back to time immemorial, ever since primitive man resorted to the world around him to derive remedies which could alleviate pain and cure illnesses. The knowledge of drugs has developed together with the evolution of scientific and social progress. After a rapid historical review on the use of medicinal drugs in the diverse civilizations and on the origin and introduction of the term Pharmacognosy, the acquisitions of modern experimental Pharmacognosy in different countries of the world, and its contribution to therapy are briefly discussed.

China↗
PubMed2005

Reverse pharmacognosy: application of selnergy, a new tool for lead discovery. The example of epsilon-viniferin.

The aim of reverse pharmacognosy is to find new biological targets for natural compounds by virtual or real screening and identify natural resources that contain the active molecules. To demonstrate the applicability of this concept, we report here a study on epsilon-viniferin, an active ingredient for cosmetic development. Nevertheless, this natural substance is weakly defined in terms of biological properties. SELNERGY, an inverse docking computer software, was used to identify putative binding biological targets for epsilon-viniferin. Among the 400 screened proteins two targets were retained. For cosmetic application, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) was the most interesting candidate. Moreover, other PDE subtypes (1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were not retained, indicating a selectivity for PDE4. The experimental binding tests on the 6 subtypes of PDE revealed a significant selectivity of epsilon-viniferin for the PDE4 subtype. This selectivity was confirmed by evaluation of epsilon-viniferin on the secretion of TNF-alpha and Interleukin-8. Our data demonstrated that epsilon-viniferin possesses anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting PDE4 subtype. In conclusion, reverse pharmacognosy and its inverse docking component cannot only be integrated into a program for new lead discovery but is also a useful approach to find new applications for identified compounds.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed1985

Research in the Division of Pharmacognosy.

About 50% of all drugs originate from plants and animals, especially from higher plants. The production of plant drugs often has to overcome several obstacles. The Division of Pharmacognosy of the Center for Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences is involved in developing biotechnological production methods that may help to avoid such problems. In the research field of plant cell biotechnology there is a close co-operation with Delft. University of Technology. As an example some studies on tissue and suspension cultures of Cinchona species and on the biosynthesis of Cinchona alkaloids are described.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1993

Research on pharmacologically active natural products at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University.

Since 1954, research at the Department of Pharmacognosy at Uppsala University has been oriented towards modern natural products chemistry with emphasis on pharmacologically active compounds. Studies of plants used in the traditional medicine of different cultures have been of major interest. The research strategy is based on: inventory and identification of the plants used, demonstration of pharmacological activity of an extract of the plant, bioassay-guided fractionation, isolation and characterisation of the active compounds and studies of structure activity relationships. Plants from Africa, Asia, The Americas, The Pacific and Europe have been collected in collaboration with botanists and ethnobotanists. Investigations of these plants have resulted in the isolation, and chemical and pharmacological characterization of many different types of compounds. At present the work is focused on compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

Africa↗
PubMed2002

The role of pharmacognosy in modern medicine.

Drugs of natural origin continue to be important for the treatment of many diseases worldwide. Pharmacognosy, a long-established pharmaceutical science, has played a diverse role in the discovery, characterisation, production and standardisation of these drugs. The relevance of this discipline in terms of research and teaching has increased in the last decade as members of the public in developed countries have turned to the use of herbal remedies for the self-medication of minor diseases. However, many phytomedicines require further investigation for their clinical effectiveness, while others need to be thoroughly investigated for their potential health risks or interactions with prescription drugs.

Pharmacognosy↗
PubMed1998

[Study on the pharmacognosy of traditional Chinese medicine tubeimu].

In this article, we have studied the traditional Chinese medicine Tubeimu on the pharmacognosy. This paper reports the thickening condition on the epidermis cell walls of the bulbuls of Tubeimu [Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet] for the first time and corrects the wrong record in before literature.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗