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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

A convenient derivatization method for gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of phenmetrazine in urine using 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate.

Phenmetrazine is a central nervous system stimulant currently used as an anorectic agent. The drug is abused and is reported to cause death from overdose. We describe a new derivatization method for phenmetrazine using 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. Quantitation of urinary phenmetrazine can be easily achieved by using N-propylamphetamine as an internal standard. The phenmetrazine 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate showed a molecular ion isotope cluster at m/z 351, 353, 355, and 357 (isotope effect of three chlorine atoms in the derivatized molecule) and other peaks at m/z 247, 245, 204, 114, and 70 in the electron ionization mass spectrometry, thus aiding in unambiguous identification. The underivatized phenmetrazine showed a relatively weaker molecular ion at m/z 177 and a base peak at m/z 71. The N-propylamphetamine 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate (internal standard) showed a very weak molecular ion at m/z 351 and a base peak at m/z 260. Another strong characteristic peak at m/z 91 was also observed. The retention time of derivatized phenmetrazine (9.5 min) was substantially longer than the retention time of the underivatized molecule (2.5 min). Moreover, underivatized phenmetrazine showed poor peak shape (substantial tailing) while derivatized phenmetrazine had excellent chromatographic property. The within-run and between-run precisions of the assay were 1.9% and 3.2% at a urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 20 micrograms/mL. The assay was linear for urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 1 microgram/mL to 100 micrograms/mL with a detection limit of 0.5 microgram/mL.

Appetite Depressants↗
PubMed1998

Gas chromatography-electron ionization and chemical ionization mass spectrometric analysis of urinary phenmetrazine after derivatization with 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride--a new derivative.

Phenmetrazine is a central nervous system stimulant currently used as an anorectic agent. The drug is abused and is reported to cause death from overdose. We describe a new derivatization method for phenmetrazine using 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride. Quantitation of urinary phenmetrazine can be easily achieved by using N-ethyl amphetamine as an internal standard. The electron ionization mass spectrum of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl derivative of phenmetrazine showed a molecular ion at m/z 427 and a base peak at m/z 70. In the methane chemical ionization mass spectrum, the base peak was observed at m/z 428 (protonated molecular ion). In the electron ionization mass spectrum of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl derivative of the internal standard, N-ethyl amphetamine we did not observe a molecular ion. However, in the chemical ionization mass spectrum, the protonated molecular ion at m/z 414 was the base peak. The retention time of derivatized phenmetrazine (8.4 min) was substantially longer than the retention time of the underivatized molecule. Moreover, underivatized phenmetrazine showed poor peak shape (substantial tailing) while derivatized phenmetrazine had excellent chromatographic properties. The within-run and between-run precisions of the assay were 2.6% and 3.1% respectively at a urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 10 micrograms/mL. The assay was linear for urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 1 to 100 micrograms/mL with a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/mL.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1997

Determination of phenmetrazine in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization with perfluorooctanoyl chloride.

Phenmetrazine is a central nervous system stimulant and is currently used as an anorectic agent. The drug is abused and reported to cause death from overdose. We describe a liquid-liquid extraction protocol for phenmetrazine from urine using 1-chlorobutane and subsequent derivatization using perfluorooctanoyl chloride for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric confirmation. Quantitation of urinary phenmetrazine can be easily achieved by using N-propylamphetamine as an internal standard. The perfluorooctanoyl derivative of phenmetrazine showed a weak molecular ion at m/z 573 and a characteristic strong peak at m/z 467 in the electron ionization mass spectrometry thus aiding unambiguous identification. The perfluorooctanoyl derivative of the internal standard did not show any molecular ion, but showed strong characteristic peaks at m/z 482 and 440. The within run and between run precisions of the assay were 1.7% and 3.2% at a urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 20 microgram/mL. The within run and between run precisions were higher (9.4% and 10.8%) at a urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 1.0 microgram/mL, which was very close to the detection limit of the assay. The assay was linear for urinary phenmetrazine concentration of 1 to 100 micrograms/mL with a detection limit of 0.5 microgram/mL.

Amphetamines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous determination of morazone and phenmetrazine in rat plasma and urine using an on-column injection technique with fused-silica capillary column gas chromatography.

The simultaneous determination of morazone and its major metabolite, phenmetrazine, using an on-column injection technique with fused-silica capillary column gas chromatography is described. The on-column injection technique prevents the decomposition of morazone. The limit of quantitation in 0.1 mL of rat plasma for morazone and phenmetrazine is 5 ng/mL and that in 1.0 mL of rat urine is 1 ng/mL. The within run precisions (%CV) at the concentration of 0.5 micrograms/mL are 3.27% for morazone and 3.09% for phenmetrazine.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2004

Phenmetrazine or ephedrine? Fooled by library search.

Chemical and/or thermal conversion of analytes in a sample and/or GC injector can mislead the identification of analytes in a toxicological screening. In addition, library search can even more complicate the identification. The risk for false positive identification of phenmetrazine in an ephedrine-containing sample analysed by GC-MS is described. Ephedrine reacted with formaldehyde contamination in solvents to a compound with a similar mass spectrum as phenmetrazine. High injection temperatures influenced the formation speed.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

Comparative gas chromatographic analysis of narcotics. III. Phenmetrazine hydrochloride.

Chemical signatures of phenmetrazine hydrochloride were studied by gas chromatography. The inter-batch variations of the signatures were found to be large whereas the intra-batch variations were usually small. The method is used for the tracing of seized phenmetrazine hydrochloride samples to common sources, which in turn may permit further tracing back to chains of illicit distribution of this drug. The applicability of the method to other narcotics is also discussed.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1996

Determination of Phenmetrazine in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A sensitive and simple gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric method is described for the determination of the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant phenmetrazine in urine. The extraction and derivatization were combined into a single step with isooctane and methyl chloroformate. The limit of quantitation was 0.05 micrograms/mliters urine, and the method was linear up to 100 micrograms/mliters. The coefficients of variation (CV) for within-day runs were 1.2% and 2.4% (n = 5) for two controls containing 1.0 micrograms/mliters and 50 micrograms/mliters, respectively. During a six-month period, the same controls showed CVs of 9.1% and 8.7%, respectively (n = 40), indicating a somewhat lower between-run precision. Phenmetrazine was present in 83 out of 3000 urine samples that were screened for CNS stimulants during this period, and the concentrations ranged from 0.5-370 micrograms/mliters.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗
PubMed1971

Effect of phenmetrazine, aminorex and ( ) p-chloramphetamine on the motor activity and turnover rate of brain catecholamines.

1. The minimal doses (mumol/kg i.v.) of phenmetrazine, (+/-)-p-chloramphetamine, and aminorex which increase motor activity are 5.6, 3.5, and 1.5, respectively. We detected stereotype behaviour neither in rats receiving intravenous doses 3 times greater nor in animals injected intraperitoneally with 44, 62 and 112 mumol/kg of (+/-)-p-chloramphetamine, aminorex and phenmatrazine, respectively.2. The latter doses of the three amphetamine congeners were tested for their action on tissue monoamine content. Only (+/-)-p-chloramphetamine decreased the concentration of tel-diencephalon 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and this decrease lasted longer than 24 hours. This and the other two amphetamine congeners failed to affect the concentration of noradrenaline (NA) in brain, heart and lung.3. Aminorex (1.5 mumol/kg i.v.) and (+/-)-p-chloramphetamine (3.5 mumol/kg i.v.) decreased the turnover time of striatum dopamine (DM) but failed to change the turnover time of tel-diencephalon and brainstem NA. Phenmetrazine (5.6 mumol/kg i.v.) changed neither the turnover time of striatum DM nor that of NA in the two brain areas assayed.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1976

Tolerance pattern of the anorexigenic action of amphetamines, fenfluramine, phenmetrazine and diethylpropion in rats.

The tolerance pattern to anorectic drugs was studied in starved rats by measuring two consecutive 2 h food intakes. 2 There was a reduction in the first 2 h food intake with development of complete tolerance after fenfluramine and phenmetrazine, and of partial tolerance after amphetamine, (+)-amphetamine and diethylpropion. 3 During the second 2 h intake, the anorectic effect was transient after fenfluramine and diethylpropion; while there was an absolute increase in the intake after amphetamine and (+)-amphetamine. 4 A pair-feeding experiment revealed that the increase in the second 2 h food intake was not a direct effect of the drug but a consequence of the deficit in food intake during the preceding 2 hours. 5 There was an overall correlation between the food and water intake. 6 A significant loss in body weight was observed after amphetamine, fenfluramine and phenmetrazine but not after (+)-amphetamine or diethylpropion. 7 The results indicate that so-called tolerance to the anorexigenic effect of drugs is apparent rather than real and that the duration of food access is a determining factor. The body weight changes may be brought about by the metabolic effects of these drugs rather than their effect on food and water intake.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1957

Phenmetrazine hydrochloride; a clinical evaluation of a new anoretic agent.

Phenmetrazine hydrochloride appeared to be a safe anoretic agent and was effective in weight control in 80 per cent of a series of 49 obese patients. Tolerance to the drug did not develop in periods up to 18 weeks of continued treatment. Phenmetrazine was most effective in patients under 45 years of age in this series. Side effects were minimal and easily controlled. No allergic or toxic effects were noted.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of d-amphetamine, phenmetrazine and fenfluramine in humans.

The discriminative stimulus (DS) and subjective effects of d-amphetamine (AMP), phenmetrazine (PMT) and fenfluramine (FFL) were studied in a group of normal healthy adults. Subjects (N = 27) were trained to discriminate between placebo and 10 mg AMP (PO). Fourteen of the subjects (discriminators) reliably learned the discrimination, whereas the other 13 did not. Nearly all discriminators labelled AMP as a stimulant, and AMP, relative to placebo, increased ratings of drug liking and general activity level, and produced typical stimulant-like subjective effects, as measured by the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and a series of visual analog scales. The discrimination accuracy of discriminators increased as a function of hour after drug ingestion, as did analog ratings of how certain subjects were that their discrimination responses were correct. Discriminators were tested with doses of PMT (25 and 50 mg) and FFL (20 and 40 mg) to determine whether the DS properties of these drugs would substitute for those of AMP. Both doses of PMT consistently substituted for AMP, and PMT produced subjective effects very similar to those of AMP. Conversely, neither dose of FFL consistently substituted for AMP, and FFL produced essentially no subjective effects. These findings are consistent with results from discrimination studies with other species, and provide further evidence of the validity of this procedure for studying the DS properties of drugs in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on metabolism of phenmetrazine-like drugs and their metabolites].

We have studied the metabolism of phenmetrazine, phendimetrazine and morazone, and their metabolites in urine. A sensitive, specific method using GC/NPD was applied to the determination of the rate of excretion of the drugs quantitatively, diphenylamina being used as the internal standard. The ether extract was derivatized with TFAA reagent, the metabolites and their TFA derivatives were identified by GC/NPD and GC/MSD methods. Norephedrine, cathine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in small amount were identified.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances. IX. Preparation and various analytical data of reference standard of new psychotropic substances, N-ethyl methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-hydroxy methylenedioxyamphetamine, mecloqualone, 4-methylaminorex, phendimetrazine and phenmetrazine].

The reference standards of N-Ethyl methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-Hydroxy methylenedioxy-amphetamine, Mecloqualone, 4-Methylaminorex. Phendimetrazine and Phenmetrazine were chemically prepared from commercial chemicals. Their purities determined by HPLC were more than 99.8%. The standard spectra and chromatograms of the standards such as TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR were measured. For the identification of these six drugs in forensic laboratory, their mass fragmentation and NMR spectra were discussed.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗