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Pulmonary mucormycosis (Phycomycetes) is an uncommon fungus infection complicating diabetes mellitus, leukemia, lymphoma, and other debilitating diseases. A review of the literature revealed that of 21 diabetic patients in whom Phycomycetes occurred without underlying malignancy, only 7 survived. These 7 underwent operation. This report concerns another patient with pulmonary mucormycosis who was successfully treated by pulmonary resection.
The plant components inducing zoosporogenesis in the rumen phycomycetes Neocallimastix frontalis, Sphaeromonas communis and Piromonas communis were widely distributed in the plant kingdom with no apparent taxonomic relationship. In Lolium perenne L. (perennial rye-grass) and Hordeum distichon (barley), the components were principally present in the leaves and aerial tissues. Sufficient inducer was present in the normal diet of the host animal to trigger the differentiation and release of the zoospores from all the sporangia of each phycomycete species present in the rumen fluid tested. The inducers were unstable to oxygen, especially at elevated temperatures, and were destroyed by rumen micro-organisms. They may be similar compounds for each species.
Microscopic examination of horse caecum contents revealed vegetative growth of phycomycete fungi on particles of digesta, and uniflagellated cells similar to fungal zoospores in the liquid phase. Three morphologically distinct isolates of strictly anaerobic phycomycete fungi were obtained from the caecum contents and cultured in vitro. Two of the isolates were able to utilize a wide range of plant carbohydrates for growth, including alpha-cellulose, xylan and particulate starch, and extensively digested water-insoluble plant tissues.
The ultrastructural modifications during the life cycle of a Phycomycetes parasite of Cyclops are studied. The cytoplasmic sporangium cleavage is brought about by the fusion of flagellar sheaths and cleavage vesicles. The uniflagellates zoospores are characterized by a nuclear-nuclear cap cluster, a large side-body (single mitochondrion, lipid bodies, granular material) and gamma particles. The fungus belongs to the genus Catenaria and probably to the species C. anguillulae. The ultrastructure of this Catenaria shows that this genus is closely related to Blastocladiales.
Invasive phycomycotic fungal infections are life-threatening complications in patients with impaired immune response. A successful outcome usually depends on early aggressive treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested as adjuvant therapy based on theoretical considerations and in vitro evidence of fungal growth retardation. A standard gas gangrene HBO protocol was used to treat a progressive necrotizing polymicrobial soft-tissue infection of the lower extremity in a patient with normal host defenses. Progression of the fungal infection was stopped only after radical surgical debridement. This Phycomycetes (Apophycomyces elegans) has not been previously reported as a pathogen in man.
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Polysomes were isolated both from growing gametophytes of Allomyces arbuscula and from gametangia prepared from mycelia at different periods during gametogenesis. Analysis of polysomes by sucrose gradients showed that ribosomes present in the gametangia monosome pool were shifted into polysomes. This shift was found to be correlated with gametangia differentiation. The ribosome distribution remained virtually unchanged during the early stage of gamete formation. In mature gametes and swarming zygotes a low level of polysomes was detected. Labeling of rRNA by 32PO4 demonstrated a de novo synthesis of monosomes throughout the period of gametangia differentiation. No incorporation of 32PO4 was found to be present in ribosomes prepared from gametangia after onset of gamete formation. On the basis of these labeling experiments it is concluded that radioactivity in polysomes extracted from mature gametes and swarming zygotes can be attributed in part to conserved mRNA. Synchronous formation of gametangia was induced by transferring the vegetative mycelia from growth medium into a low salt buffer. Under these conditions the incorporation of either 32PO4 or 3H-uridine into RNA, particularly into rRNA, was found to be markedly decreased. This obviously indicates a shutdown of RNA synthesis. rRNA from induced mycelia examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to be severely degraded. In contrast to this, rRNA isolated from ribosomes of developing gametangia and from gametes exhibited no degradation products. It is suggested that endonucleases cause rRNA hydrolysis in the hyphal cytoplasm during gametangia differentiation. Ribosomes compartmentalized in gametangia seem to be inaccessible to nucleases during the later process for gametogenesis.
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