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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats with lipopolysaccharide and related antigens.

The immunoprotective role of lipopolysaccharide and related antigens from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in a lobar pneumonia model developed in rats. Various antigens were obtained by different chemical treatments of the lipopolysaccharide. All these antigens (purified lipopolysaccharide, reduced lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide--bovine serum albumin complex, and lipid A--bovine serum albumin complex were tested for pyrogenicity and the Shwartzman reaction. The lipopolysaccharide and the various related antigens were pyrogenic and elicited a positive Shwartzman reaction at high concentrations. However, at low concentrations, the same preparations did not show any side effects. All these antigens, on the other hand, were protective against bacterial challenge in Klebsiella pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats, as the bacterial colonization of lungs in the immunized animals was significantly lower when compared with the controls. The alveolar macrophages from these animals also showed significantly more uptake of Klebsiella pneumoniae as compared with those obtained from control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Lipopolysaccharide-mediated protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced lobar pneumonia: intranasal vs. intramuscular route of immunization.

Immunoprotective potential of delivered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation from Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined in a murine model of lobar pneumonia. Protection was assessed with three doses of LPS (25, 50 and 100 microg; without any adjuvant) administered intranasally or intramuscularly. After evaluation of lung tissue (bacterial load and histopathology), no significant protection was observed at 25 microg with either application. A significant decrease in lung bacterial load coupled with fall in severity of lung lesions was observed with 50 microg (again both applications). At 100 microg dose, with intramuscular route, a further decrease in the lung bacterial load was shown compared to the 50 microg dose. In contrast, 100 microg LPS, when given intranasally, resulted in a higher bacterial colonization of the lung tissue and higher lung pathology; thus we recommend intramuscular instead of the intranasal route for developing protection against K. pneumoniae-mediated pneumonia with intact LPS-based vaccines.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Polysaccharide-iron-regulated cell surface protein conjugate vaccine: its role in protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced lobar pneumonia.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has become an important cause of both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. In this study an attempt was made to study the immunogenicity of iron-regulated cell surface proteins (IRCSP) alone or in conjunction with the polysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of K. pneumoniae. The polysaccharide-iron-regulated cell surface protein conjugate (PS-IRCSP) was non-toxic and non-pyrogenic. It was found to be immunogenic and the protection afforded by the conjugate against the challenge strain was observed in a rat lobar pneumonia model. The protection observed with the conjugate was higher than that observed with polysaccharide or IRCSP alone. The conjugate elicited both agglutinating and bactericidal antibodies. Enhanced phagocytosis was observed for the alveolar macrophages obtained from the lungs of animals treated with conjugate compared with macrophages obtained from animals treated with other antigenic preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunoprotective potential of polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate in Klebsiella pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats.

The polysaccharide (PS) derived from K. pneumoniae NCTC 5055 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was covalently linked to tetanus toxoid by using carbodimide with adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule. The conjugate was found to be non-toxic and non-pyrogenic at 100 microg dose level. At a similar dose, the conjugate did not elicit any local skin reaction on intradermal preparatory injection in rabbits. The conjugate was immunoprotective as was evident from the decrease in relative colonization of bacteria in lungs of immunized rats as compared to the control animals. Immunization with the conjugate resulted in alveolar macrophage activation in terms of their ability to phagocytose bacteria in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Protective role of liposome incorporated lipopolysaccharide antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a rat model of lobar pneumonia.

In a lobar pneumonia model of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the immunoprotective role of free lipoploysaccharide (LPS) and liposome-incorporated LPS was studied. An alteration in the biological activity of the LPS molecule, in terms of its pyrogenicity and lethal toxicity, was observed on incorporation in the liposome. Compared at equal doses, liposome-incorporated LPS was found to be non-pyrogenic and 10 times less toxic than free LPS. Liposome-incorporated LPS was more effective in providing protection against K. pneumoniae induced lobar pneumonia in rats. The immunological mechanism underlying protection revealed involvement of both nonspecific and specific immune response. Alveolar macrophage activation was observed after 4 and 14 days of treatment with the free and liposome-entrapped forms of LPS, respectively. Specific immunity in terms of plaque-forming cells was seen with both forms of LPS. Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction was observed only with liposome-incorporated LPS. It is concluded that a non-toxic and immunogenic form of K. pneumoniae LPS can be obtained by incorporation of the native preparation into liposomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the aetiology of lobar pneumonia in northern Nigeria.

Over a six-month period we studied 74 adult Nigerians who presented consecutively to Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, with lobar or segmental pneumonia. Pneumococcal infection was diagnosed in 50% by the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen in serum or purulent sputum: 24% had pneumococcal antigenaemia. Twelve patients had evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and half of these also had pneumococcal infection. The suggestion that M pneumoniae respiratory infection may predispose to serious bacterial pneumonia is discussed. The initial clinical and radiological features were similar in the pneumococcal and M pneumoniae groups. Raised cold agglutinin titres were not a reliable indication of M pneumoniae infection, perhaps due to altered autoantibody production in Nigerians. Pneumonia was commoner in the dry season, probably related to depressed nasopharyngeal defences caused by drying. Less common causes of lobar pneumonia that were found are also discussed and no cases of legionnaires' disease were identified.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Radiographic, clinical, and prognostic features of complicated and uncomplicated community-acquired lobar pneumonia in children.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The incidence of community-acquired lobar pneumonia in conjunction with either necrosis or empyema in children has rapidly increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic, clinical, and predicted factors of complicated and uncomplicated lobar pneumonia in children. METHODS: This retrospective study included 131 patients younger than 18 years of age with community-acquired lobar pneumonia treated between January 2002 and March 2005. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to demonstrate the risk factors of complicated lobar pneumonia. RESULTS: The proportion of children with lobar pneumonia in children increased dramatically from 7% in 2002 to 19% in 2004. Analysis revealed the presence of elevated C-reactive protein level (>12 mg/dL) [odds ratio (OR), 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-7.66], persistent fever for more than 1 week before admission (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.26), and multilobar (> or =2 lobes) confluent lung opacity on chest radiographs (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.27-6.33) were independent predictors of the occurrence of complicated lobar pneumonia. A progressive increase in the number of penicillin-non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was found during the study period. Prolonged fever was a common clinical feature of hospitalized children with lobar pneumonia. Failure of consolidative pneumonia to respond to appropriate antibiotic treatment within 4.4 days was associated with the development of necrosis or empyema. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated and uncomplicated lobar pneumonia are difficult to distinguish based on clinical symptoms at the time of admission. The presence of the above risk factors can help in the early diagnosis of complicated lobar pneumonia.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1996

Escherichia coli lobar pneumonia: fatal infection in a patient with mental retardation.

Lobar pneumonia due to Escherichia coli is rare. Most lobar pneumonias are caused by either Streptococcus pneumoniae or Klebsiella pneumoniae, and most E coli pneumonias are bronchopneumonias. We report an acute fulminant course of E coli lobar pneumonia in a 37-year-old patient who was profoundly retarded, institutionalized, and nonimmunosuppressed and who died within 2 days of developing initial symptoms. Antemortem blood and postmortem blood and lung specimens isolated pure cultures of E coli. The source of infection in E coli lobar pneumonia is not clear in this patient or in the few cases that have been reported. We postulate that nasopharyngeal colonization of E coli in those who are institutionalized with mental retardation may predispose these patients to E coli pneumonia. Our case illustrates features of pneumonias that are unique in the institutionalized, mentally retarded patient population (ie, the relatively high prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization of E coli, a higher incidence of E coli pneumonia than in other institutionalized populations, the often fulminant course of the disease), as well as the need for early, aggressive treatment including antibiotics effective against gram-negative bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected aneurysm extending from a persistent lobar pneumonia: case report and review of the literature.

Presented here is the case of a 63-year-old patient with a Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected aneurysm extending from a persistent lobar pneumonia of the left lung into the thoracic aorta. The patient was successfully treated with surgery and high-dose penicillin, and he remained well at 6-month follow-up. A review of the English-language literature over the past 25 years revealed 22 cases of mycotic or infected aortic aneurysms due to Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, none of these cases resulted in a positive outcome for the patient. The characteristics of these cases are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Lobar pneumonia (author's transl)].

129 cases of lobar pneumonia were analysed. The frequency of occurrence in autopsy material was 2.5%, and has not increased or decreased appreciably in the past 20 years. Men and women were affected with approximately the same frequency up to the age of 40, thereafter male mortality is considerably higher. The diagnosis of a lobar pneumonia was made clinically in only 16 percent of the cases. The anatomical appearance of the illness has not changed compared to the findings of earlier studies, however chronic clinical courses are common, occurring in about 15% of the cases. The lobar pneumonia was the direct or indirect cause of death in all instances. There has been a remarkable change in the causative agents in favor of gram negative organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Subphrenic abscess: a complication of lobar pneumonia.

A patient presented with a pneumococcal lobar pneumonia and later developed a subphrenic abscess. Peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess formation should be remembered as a rare cause of delayed recovery from lobar pneumonia.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1982

Lobar pneumonia in rats produced by clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Transtracheal instillation of clinical isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 1 (KP1) into the lungs of rats resulted in the production of a characteristic, chronic lobar pneumonia. To further examine this phenomenon, two variants of this organism were employed in this experimental model. These variants differed markedly in capsule size, colony morphology, and in virulence, as determined by mouse lethality tests. The ability of these strains to establish a lobar pneumonia in rats correlated with the virulence of the respective organisms as monitored by intraperitoneal injection in mice. The 50% lethal doses in mice were 4.9 x 10(1) colony-forming units (CFU) for the more virulent KP1 strain (KP1-O) and 1.42 x 10(5) CFU for the less virulent variant (KP1-T). In the rat lung model, marked lung pathology was evident by day 6 with a KP1-O inoculum of 5 x 10(2) CFU, whereas KP1-T caused little or no lung pathology when delivered transtracheally at a concentration of 7 x 10(6) CFU. Two relatively nonvirulent variants of K. pneumoniae serotype 2 were also used in this rat lung model and were found not to produce a lobar pneumonia even when delivered in large doses. These results indicate that a chronic lobar pneumonia can be established in a rat model if the appropriate organism is employed and the virulence of K. pneumoniae injected intraperitoneally into mice is an excellent indicator of an organism's potential to cause lobar pneumonia in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The prognosis of lobar pneumonia in the Papua New Guinea Highlands.

Lobar pneumonia, usually caused by pneumococci is the commonest cause for admission to hospitals in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The mortality rate is less than 3%. In a survey of 275 adults (mean age: 36 years) admitted to Goroka hospital in the Highlands of New Guinea with this diagnosis, adverse prognostic factors observed on admission were: age over 40 years, multilobar disease, anaemia (Hb less than 11g/d1) and history of illness commencing more than 7 days before presentation. Additional adverse factors demonstrated after admission included the presence of type 3 pneumococcus and bacteraemia. It is suggested that in the Highlands of PNG initial admission of ambulant patients with lobar pneumonia should be generally restricted to those with any of the first 4 factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Community acquired lobar pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Community acquired bacterial pneumonia is increasingly encountered in HIV infected individuals and some patients have a radiographic lobar pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical features, microbiological diagnosis, and outcome of community acquired lobar pneumonia was carried out in HIV positive patients admitted to a specialist unit from 1987 to 1993. RESULTS: Forty nine episodes occurred in 45 patients, all of whom were men. CD4 counts ranged widely. A bacteriological diagnosis was made in 25 episodes (51%), seven patients had more than one infective cause. The commonest pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 episodes), Staphylococcus aureus (six), Pneumocystis carinii (three), Haemophilus influenzae (three), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two). Four patients died. Other complications included intrapulmonary cavitation or abscess formation (11 episodes), empyema (three), and pleural effusion (10 episodes). CONCLUSIONS: Many different infections cause community acquired lobar pneumonia in HIV positive men. Some patients have co-infections and there is a high complication rate.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Indium 111 autologous leucocyte scanning in lobar pneumonia and lung abscesses.

Indium 111 leucocyte scanning was used to examine the kinetics of granulocyte localisation in five patients with lobar pneumonia and four patients with lung abscess. Lung abscesses showed dense accumulation of labelled granulocytes within four hours of injection. In contrast, in all cases of lobar pneumonia granulocytes failed to accumulate over a period of up to 24 hours despite evidence of adequate perfusion and of uptake in inflammation elsewhere. These results suggest that the recruitment of granulocytes to lobar pneumonia may be terminated early in its clinical course.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed2005

Acute Q fever lobar pneumonia: a case report.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii-an obligate, Gram-negative, intracellular bacteria. Acute febrile illness, hepatitis, and atypical pneumonia are the three most common manifestations, whereas lobar pneumonia is rarely reported among acute Q fever patients. We report a case of acute Q fever with lobar pneumonia and multi-organ involvement.

Acute Disease↗