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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Viral pneumonia.

Viral pneumonias are common in infants and young children but rare in adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral pathogens in infants and children. Influenza virus types A and B account for over one half of viral pneumonias in adults. Immunocompromised hosts are susceptible to pneumonias caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other herpesviruses, as well as rubeola and adenovirus. Diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on appropriate viral cultures and acute and convalescent sera for specific antibodies. Superinfection with bacteria is common in adults. Anti-viral therapy is available for several respiratory viruses. Ribavirin, amantadine/rimantadine, interferon alpha, and acyclovir are antiviral drugs that may be of benefit in treatment and prophylaxis. Prevention of viral pneumonia will depend upon improved viral immunization practices.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of viral pneumonia.

The diagnosis of viral pneumonia has changed during the past decade from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that is both clinical and laboratory in nature. Viral pneumonias can be divided into two clinical groups: the so-called "atypical" pneumonias in otherwise normal hosts, and viral pneumonitis in the immunocompromised host. Clinical factors such as patient age, immune status, time of year, illness in other family members, community outbreaks, onset, severity, duration of symptoms, and the presence of a rash remain important aids in diagnosing viral causes of both atypical pneumonia and pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient. However, advances in virus culture methodologies and the use of monoclonal antibodies coupled with immunofluorescence and ELISA techniques have markedly enhanced both the sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity of the diagnosis of viral pneumonias. Further advances are expected in the future as nucleic acid hybridization techniques are increasingly applied to both viral cultures and direct analysis of clinical specimens.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1990

Viral pneumonias. A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Viral pneumonias are both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge for primary care physicians. The illness should be suspected when an upper respiratory tract infection progresses to include dyspnea and cyanosis. Rapid diagnostic tests are now available to detect most of the viruses that cause pneumonias. Fortunately, viral pneumonias usually resolve without specific antiviral therapy; however, ribavirin is indicated for respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in children and ganciclovir sodium (Cytovene) for cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is indicated for pneumonias due to herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections. A high index of suspicion for bacterial superinfections is essential to reduce the risk of death from this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Viral pneumonias. The increasing importance of a high index of suspicion.

Viral pneumonias account for at least 17% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children and in adults. Although patients with viral pneumonia appear less ill clinically than those with bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonias can be fatal. Antiviral therapy is available for pneumonias caused by respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and cytomegalovirus. Several vaccines are important tools for the prevention of influenza A and B pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Apoptosis of peripheral blood cells of children with viral pneumonia].

BACKGROUND: To study apoptosis of peripheral blood cells of children with viral pneumonia, explore immunopathogenesis and the possibility of immunotherapy of patients with viral pneumonia. METHODS: Fresh peripheral blood samples were collected from 28 patients with viral pneumonia and 24 healthy children were treated and run through the flow cytometry. The data were acquired using Cell Quest software and the percentage of live cells, viable apoptotic cells, non-viable apoptotic cells and dead cells of neutrophils and lymphocytes were counted. The patients with viral pneumonia were hospitalized at our hospital. The average age of patients was 1.3 years; 24 healthy children were served as control group (age 1.8 years, on average). T-test and variance analysis by SPSS FOR WINDOWS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of live neutrophils and lymphocytes in the acute stage and recovery stage in patients were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.01). The percentage of viable apoptotic neutrophils and lymphocytes in two stages in patients were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). Except for the percentage of live cells, non-viable apoptotic cells and dead lymphocytes, others had no difference between the patients and control groups. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes of peripheral blood cells of children with viral pneumonia increased. Whereas the percentage of live cells decreased. Drugs that can accelerate apoptosis may be helpful in treatment of viral pneumonia.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1991

[Observation of curative effect of refined interferon-alpha on viral pneumonia in infants].

Fifteen cases of viral pneumonia in infants were treated with refined interferon-alpha and antibiotics. Clinical symptoms of the cases with IFN-alpha were relieved in 1.40-2.79 days, earlier than those of the control. Clinical recovery time was on the average shorter than that of the control by 1.9 days, and complete recovery by 1.5 days. The difference is statistically significant. It suggested that the clinical effect of IFN-alpha together with antibiotics is better than that of antibiotics alone. There was no significant change between the experimental and control groups in absolute lymphocyte count Ig and T-cell, but OKT3 increased and OKT8 decreased slightly. The study shows that IFN is an effective and safe administration for viral pneumonia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1963

[VIRAL PNEUMONIA].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Extracorporeal life support for the treatment of viral pneumonia: collective experience from the ELSO registry. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

UNLABELLED: Viral pneumonia is the most common indication for pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Despite this fact, no previous studies have directly stratified patient outcome according to viral etiology. METHODS: Using the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry database, the authors reviewed the national experience of patients undergoing ECLS with culture or serologically demonstrated viral pneumonia and compared outcome parameters according to viral etiology. RESULTS: Patients differed with respect to age and weight according to the viral type. Patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, median age 3 months), herpes simplex virus (HSV, 0.13 months), cytomegalovirus (CMV, 2.5 months), and adenovirus (0.6 months) were younger than those with other viruses (5.5 months). The patient groups did not significantly differ with respect to pre-ECLS Pao2 mean airway pressure (MAP), oxygenation index (OI), mode, or duration of ECLS. The overall survival of patients with viral pneumonia was 57%, although patients with RSV or CMV were found to have a 67% survival. Patients infected with HSV and adenovirus had a significantly lower survival rate (31% and 25%, respectively) when compared with those with RSV. In addition RSV pneumonia was associated with fewer cardiovascular complications than several of the other viral types. When comparison was made between survivors and nonsurvivors, a higher last pre-ECLS MAP and increased incidence of elevated creatinine and renal failure requiring dialysis were noted among nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: ECLS remains an important modality in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric patients with respiratory failure secondary to viral pneumonia. The survival rate of these patients varies according to the type of viral infection.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗