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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Improvement of glidobactin A production by Polyangium brachysporum.

Glidobactins A, B, and C are lipopeptide antitumor antibiotics produced by the gliding bacterium Polyangium brachysporum sp. nov. No. K481-B101. The production of glidobactin A was examined in shake flasks and laboratory fermentors. Medium screening and optimization led to approximately five fold increases in glidobactin A titers in shake flasks and a ten fold increase in titers in 40-l batch fermentations. Utilization of a stepped glucose feeding protocol resulted in glidobactin A titers of 1860 micrograms/ml after 144 h of fermentation.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructure of Polyangium cellulosum.

Polyangium cellulosum was examined with the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Freeze-fracturing and critical-point-drying techniques were employed with the latter instrument. Critical-point drying seemed to eliminate the distortion of cells and fruiting bodies. These instruments and techniques allowed for a detailed comparison of cell and fruiting-body ultrastructure. Lipid storage materials and mesosomes were found to be constant cell particulates in both vegetative cells and in the shortened myxospores.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1988

Enhanced production of the minor components of glidobactins in Polyangium brachysporum.

Polyangium brachysporum sp. nov. strain ATCC 53080 produces a novel type of antifungal and antitumor antibiotic complex, glidobactins A, B and C. Enhanced production of minor components, glidobactins B and C, was achieved by medium modification. The addition of soybean oil or corn oil, which are rich in unsaturated C18 fatty acids, to the fermentation medium led to an increased production of components B and C. Productivity of component C was selectively enhanced by the addition of oleic acid-rich oils, olive oil and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate). Furthermore, precursing palmitoleate, linoleate and oleate permitted the direct biosynthesis of components A, B and C, respectively. The fermentation with 3% addition of an appropriate oil at initial time provided an optimal production of component B or C.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Viability of lyophilized cells of Myxococcus xanthus UKM 10041 and Polyangium cellulosum UKM 10043 in presence of different antioxidants].

It has been established that addition of antioxidants: cystamine, ionol, alpha-tocopherol to protective media (saccharose-gelatin agar) does not affect considerably viability of lyophillized cells of cultures Myxococcus xanthus UCM 10041 and Polyangium cellulosum UCM 10043. Experimentally obtained and predicted data on the survival of cells of M. xanthus UCM 10041 and P. cellulosum UCM 10043 are the values of the same order which evidences for the possibility of the use of quick test for prediction of myxobacteria cells survivability under long-term storage.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1979

Antifungal agents. 5. Chemical modification of antibiotics from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum. Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin.

Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin (1) were prepared. The analogues were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Structure-activity relationships are described. Increasing the bulk of substituent at C1 and C5 reduces antifungal activity.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1999

The correlation between morphological and phylogenetic classification of myxobacteria.

In order to determine whether morphological criteria are suitable to affiliate myxobacterial strains to species, a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNAs was performed on 54 myxobacterial strains that represented morphologically 21 species of the genera Angiococcus, Archangium, Chondromyces, Cystobacter, Melittangium, Myxococcus, Polyangium and Stigmatella, five invalid species and three unclassified isolates. The analysis included 12 previously published sequences. The branching pattern confirmed the deep trifurcation of the order Myxococcales. One lineage is defined by the genera Cystobacter, Angiococcus, Archangium, Melittangium, Myxococcus and Stigmatella. The study confirms the genus status of 'Corallococcus', previously 'Chondrococcus', within the family Myxococcaceae. The second lineage contains the genus Chondromyces and the species Polyangium ('Sorangium') cellulosum, while the third lineage is comprised of Nannocystis and a strain identified as Polyangium vitellinum. With the exception of a small number of strains that did not cluster phylogenetically with members of the genus to which they were assigned by morphological criteria ('Polyangium thaxteri' Pl t3, Polyangium cellulosum ATCC 25531T, Melittangium lichenicola ATCC 25947T and Angiococcus disciformis An d1), the phenotypic classification should provide a sound basis for the description of neotype species in those cases where original strain material is not available or is listed as reference material.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1979

[Occurrence and distribution of fruiting body-forming myxobacteria in Siebengebirge. Comparative studies with special reference to characteristic biotypes].

In the region of the "Siebengebirge" near Bonn, six characteristic biotopes were studied with respect to the occurrence of fruiting body forming myxobacteria. 23 different species, belonging to the 8 known genera, were found. The number of species in the respective biotopes varied between 6 and 17, the average numbers of species per sampling area were between 2.1 and 10.0. 15 species were found on dung pellets of wild living herbivorous mammals. Deciduous forest soils contained 13 species in spring, 17 species in autumn. Rock coverings contained 14, creek slopes 16, bark of living trees 9, and rotting wood 16 fruiting myxobacterial species. Myxococcus fulvus, Myxococcus coralloides and Archangium gephyra occurred in all biotops studied. The rare species were Melittangium boletus, Polyangium vitellinum, Stigmatella aurantiaca, and Chondramyces apiculatus. The composition of the myxobacterial flora depends on ecological factors (kind of dung pellets, rock, bark and pH). The ecological influences upon the distribution are discussed.

Altitude↗
PubMed1979

Partial purification and properties of a bacterial isoamylase.

Isoamylase has been prepared by affinity chromatography of a commercial enzyme-preparation from a strain of Cytophaga (also known as a Flavobacterium or Polyangium). The enzyme was not very stable, but the stability could be improved by calcium ions. The enzyme had a very low but significant activity on pullulan and on alpha-dextrins having maltosyl side-chains. This observation, which is contrary to previous reports, has been related to the specificity of isoamylase and other bacterial debranching-enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Microbial metabolites of ophiobolin A and antimicrobial evaluation of ophiobolins.

Ophiobolin A [1], 3-anhydroophiobolin A [2], ophiobolin B [3], and ophiobolin L [4] were isolated from fermentation broths of Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Preliminary screening showed that a number of organisms were capable of metabolizing the sesterterpene ophiobolin A [1]. Large-scale transformations of ophiobolin A [1] with Polyangium cellulosum produced 6 and 7 while Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced 8. Resting-cell preparations of Penicillium patulum afforded 9 and 10. The structures of these metabolites were established by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the starting material. The antimicrobial activity of the ophiobolins was also evaluated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Myxobacters from arid mexican soil.

Myxobacters were found to be common inhabitants of the arid soils from the Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, area. Thirteen species of the genera Myxococcus, Archangium, Cystobacter, Stigmatella, Polyangium, and Chondromyces were isolated on a mineral salts agar supplemented with bakers' yeast and filter paper. Greater species diversity per soil sample was found in the region receiving 400 to 800 mm of annual rainfall as compared with soils from an area having only 200 to 400 mm of rainfall.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of spontaneous, UV-induced, and nitrosoguanidine-induced mutability to drug resistance in myxobacteria.

The UV survival curves of different strains of myxobacteria exhibited shoulders; in the case of Polyangium luteum, an unusual double shoulder appeared. Repair inhibitors like acriflavine, caffeine, and coumarin reduced the survival of UV-irradiated cells if the drugs were incorporated in the post-irradiation plating medium. The shoulders were reduced, but the final inactivation slopes were not affected by the repair inhibitors. Those strains that were resistant to UV were also more resistant to being killed by nitrosoguanidine. A variety of drug-resistant mutants occurred. The spontaneous mutation frequencies to drug resistance varied with the drug and the strain used. Drug-resistant mutants were inducible by UV irradiation and nitrosoguanidine. The UV mutability of Myxococcus xanthus was high compared to Cystobacter sp. However, the nitrosoguanidine mutability of M. xanthus was low compared to the other strains.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed2002

Haliangium ochraceum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Haliangium tepidum sp. nov.: novel moderately halophilic myxobacteria isolated from coastal saline environments.

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on two myxobacterial strains, SMP-2 and SMP-10, isolated from coastal regions. The two strains are morphologically similar, in that both produce yellow fruiting bodies, comprising several sessile sporangioles in dense packs. They are differentiated from known terrestrial myxobacteria on the basis of salt requirements (2-3% NaCl) and the presence of anteiso-branched fatty acids. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that SMP-2 and SMP-10 are genetically related, and constitute a new cluster within the myxobacteria group, together with the Polyangium vitellinum Pl vt1 strain as the closest neighbor. The sequence similarity between the two strains is 95.6%. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that these two strains be assigned to a new genus, Haliangium gen. nov., with SMP-2 designated as Haliangium ochraceum sp. nov. (= JCM 11303(T) = DSM 14365(T)), and SMP-10 as Haliangium tepidum sp. nov. (= JCM 11304(T)= DSM 14436(T)).

Base Composition↗
PubMed1977

Ambruticin (W7783), a new antifungal antibiotic.

Ambruticin represents a new class of antibiotics isolated from a strain of Polyangium cellulosum var, fulvum, a bacterium belonging to the class Myxobacteriales. This antibiotic is a cyclopropyl-polyene-pyran acid and is active in vitro against fungi.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The sorangicins, novel and powerful inhibitors of eubacterial RNA polymerase isolated from myxobacteria.

A new antibiotic, sorangicin, was isolated from the culture supernatant of the myxobacterium, Sorangium (Polyangium) cellulosum strain So cel2. It is a macrocyclic lactone carbonic acid and is produced in two structural variants, sorangicins A and B. In addition small quantities of the respective glycosides, sorangiosids A and B, may be found. The antibiotic acts mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, including myocobacteria, with MIC values between 0.01 and 0.1 microgram/ml, but at higher concentrations (MIC 3 approximately 30 micrograms/ml) Gram-negatives are also inhibited. Yeasts and molds are completely resistant. The new antibiotic is a specific inhibitor of eubacterial RNA polymerase which it blocks, however, only if added before RNA polymerization has started.

Aminoglycosides↗