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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1984

Serotonin levels and platelet uptake during premenstrual tension.

Premenstrual tension was studied in 16 females, using both biochemical and psychological parameters during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasmas were determined. Degrees of distress experienced pre- and postmenstrually were quantified via the Moos menstrual distress questionnaire. The mean Vmax was significantly lower during the premenstrual (tension) phase (8.2 +/- 0.9 pmol/min) as compared to the postmenstrual (normal) phase (14.4 +/- 3.2 pmol/min). There was no significant difference in the Km values. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma (-23.2%) and platelet-poor plasma (-19.1%) was found during the premenstrual phase. There were correlations between the kinetic parameters of 5-HT uptake and some of the Moos symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Premenstrual tension syndrome or premenstrual dysphoria].

Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMS) has always existed: it has been first described by an endocrinologist from New York in 1931. It is responsible for significant and psychological disorders which justify the study of its pathogenesis. Hormonal dysfunction has been demonstrated among women who are at risk for PMS; nevertheless, it has been shown that neurological transducers are also affected, such as GABAergic, serotoninergic and endorphinic systems. Interactions between the two systems allow to raise the hypothesis of an inbalance between GABAergic and progesterone derived neurosteroids in a psychoneuroendocrinological model. Based on this hypothesis, psychological symptoms can be efficiently treated by anxiolytic or antidepressant treatment. On the other hand, progesterone derivatives and, sometimes, diuretics, are useful on physical symptoms. As far as we know there is so far no single treatment of demonstrated efficacy in the PMS.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Premenstrual tension syndrome.

The premenstrual syndrome is discussed in relation to prevalence, symptomatology, severity, and time course. Methodologic problems common to the study of the menstrual cycle are presented. The research on psychologic and physiologic etiologies is reviewed, and results of studies on various treatment modes are discussed. Newer theories suggesting a combined psychophysiologic etiology and concomitant nonpharmaceutical treatment modes encompassing self-care and stress management skills are included.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1983

Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes.

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.

Diet↗

PubMed1987

A clinical trial using danazol for the treatment of premenstrual tension.

Forty women with premenstrual tension received either placebo, 100, 200 or 400 mg danazol daily for 3 months in a pilot study arranged as a double-blind trial. Thirteen patients withdrew by the third month usually because they complained of no improvement. They had significantly higher pretrial symptom scores than those who continued. In patients treated with danazol, symptom scores for breast pain during the second and third months and for irritability, anxiety and lethargy during the third month were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than scores in those given placebo. Most symptoms improved on placebo in the first month but by the third month only three remained improved. In contrast eight symptoms were improved on 200 mg danazol by the third month. By the end of the trial more than 75% of patients who were still taking danazol were essentially free of breast pain, lethargy, anxiety and increased appetite, but results for other common symptoms were no better than with placebo.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1978

Body water and weight in patients with premenstrual tension.

The total body water, total body potassium and weight were studied during the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle in 20 patients with severe premenstrual tension and 20 controls without symptoms. The effects of a diuretic (bumetanide) and bromocriptine were also studied in the patients with premenstrual tension. The mean body water in the premenstrual tension group did not differ significantly from that in the controls neither did the mean body potassium levels. However, during the late luteal phase the water/potassium ratio in liters per mol of potassium was significantly higher in the patients with premenstrual tension than in the controls. In the women with premenstrual tension the body water values varied more widely between the luteal phase and follicular phase than in the controls. The mean body water and weight in the premenstrual tension group were similar in the late luteal and early follicular phases. Treatment with bumetanide or bromocriptine had no effect on the parameters studied.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Premenstrual tension among nurses in Nairobi, Kenya.

A sample of 400 nurses at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi were interviewed by means of investigator-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and some other aspects of premenstrual tension (PMT) amongst them. Premenstrual tension (PMT) syndrome was found in 95.5% of the study group, with mastalgia being the commonest symptom (79.0%) followed by abdominal bloating (75.0%). Some features such as suicidal tendencies, inability to cope, insomnia were found to be rare among them. There was no correlation between age, marital status, parity, or dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension. Almost all the nurses with PMT, did not consider it an illness, rather as normal part of their femininity. As a result only 6.5% of them had changed their activities during this period, and only 3.1% had used medication for it. It is concluded that premenstrual tension is prevalent among women in Kenya, and that because of their attitude towards it, the condition does not appear to be associated with any serious morbidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

The treatment of premenstrual tension with mefenamic acid: analysis of prostaglandin concentrations.

Eighty patients with premenstrual tension were treated prospectively with mefenamic acid for a mean period of 13 months. Most of them (86%) reported significant relief of premenstrual tension. Symptoms of dysfunctional menorrhagia or primary dysmenorrhoea were also alleviated. In 19 patients, the plasma concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured at intervals throughout three menstrual cycles. During the first cycle the patients received no treatment; in the subsequent two cycles they received either mefenamic acid or placebo in a randomized double-blind crossover manner. Similar measurements were made in 22 matched control subjects. The plasma concentrations of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and PGFM were significantly lower in the 19 patients in all three menstrual cycles compared with the values in the control subjects. Excess synthesis of prostaglandins of the 1 series may occur in premenstrual tension and, by precursor depletion, result in decreased synthesis of the 2-series prostaglandins.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

The ubiquitousness of premenstrual tension in gynecologic practice.

One hundred thirty-seven premenopausal women with premenstrual tension underwent laparoscopy for bleeding, pain and/or infertility. Endometriosis was the associated gynecologic disease observed most frequently (66 patients). Other associated disorders were primary dysmenorrhea (31), poststerilization syndrome (24), chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (8) and leiomyoma uteri (8). Screening for prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with galactorrhea (74) revealed one patient with pituitary microadenoma and two with primary hypothyroidism. The midluteal progesterone levels were significantly decreased, whereas the midluteal estradiol 17 beta levels were significantly elevated. Because of the frequent association of premenstrual tension with other gynecologic diseases, screening for premenstrual tension in all premenopausal women is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Hyperphagia in premenstrual tension syndrome.

The relationship between premenstrual tension syndrome and dietary intake was studied in a population of 20 young adult women. Caloric intake was measured during the 10 days preceding and following the menstrual cycle. Those women with more severe symptoms recorded a greater increase in caloric intake. Caloric intake during the premenstrual period also increased with age. It is hypothesized that this caloric intake may be due to increased beta-endorphin levels.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Historical studies of premenstrual tension up to 30 years ago: implications for future research.

The biology and treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome has advanced significantly in the past 30 years. Newer research expands on earlier literature that has been accumulated before 1972. This review selectively considers this earlier literature, because it defines the nature and impact of what was then considered to be premenstrual tension syndrome. The authors consider a set of earlier studies that suggest a role for personality, psychodynamics, and cultural variables in the etiology, impact, and treatment of the cyclic disorders. This review also considers studies of the biology of premenstrual tension that suggest a role for sodium and water fluctuations, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ovarian hormones, monoamines, and acetylcholine. Current applications and potential research directions based on this information are also discussed.

Brain↗

PubMed1987

Evaluation of psychiatric symptoms in patients presenting with symptoms of premenstrual tension syndrome.

The principal psychiatric syndrome seen in patients with premenstrual tension syndrome is depressive disorder. Questions that should be used to evaluate depression are reviewed and the addition of structured questionnaires for the depressive symptoms is not considered useful in this assessment. Other conditions that may or may not be related to the premenstrual period include psychosis (especially depression and mania), alcoholism, anxiety, and bulimia. Brief questioning concerning these conditions can be performed relatively quickly during the clinical evaluation. Second-source information should be obtained when at all possible. If treatable psychiatric illness is identified in those with premenstrual tension, it should be treated as if the psychiatric syndrome alone were present. There is no indication, however, that such treatment will alter the course of the premenstrual condition should it be present as well.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed1986

Diagnosing premenstrual tension syndrome.

The presence of a premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) should be considered during the clinical assessment of any women of childbearing age with intermittent or fluctuating psychological symptoms. Appropriate identification of this disorder depends on knowledge of its specific diagnostic features, most particularly its time-limited course. The clinician must also be aware that the syndrome can coexist with, exacerbate, or be exacerbated by other psychological distress or illness. Through the presentation of four case histories, the authors discuss the diagnostic complexities of PMTS and the treatment implications of a diagnosis of PMTS.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

beta-Endorphin withdrawal: a possible cause of premenstrual tension syndrome.

The authors propose that premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) is the result of beta-endorphin withdrawal. Sixteen women were included in this study which measured beta-endorphin levels on the 7th and 24th day of each woman's menstrual cycle. A significant decline in beta-endorphin levels was noted during the progression of the cycle. The severity of symptoms, however, was inversely proportional to the amount of decline in beta-endorphin levels. It is hypothesized that the attenuation of endorphin decline may be a compensatory mechanism to moderate the severity of PMS symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Isoxsuprine in primary dysmenorrhoea. Its effectiveness in premenstrual tension.

The drug combination including isoxsuprine 10 mg, acetaminophen 250 mg and caffeine 30 mg was administered to 80 patients divided into two groups, 40 with premenstrual tension and 40 with clinically diagnosed primary dysmenorrhoea. The study was carried out by the double-blind method and the patients were distributed at random. The results obtained show an excellent or very good response in 95% of cases of premenstrual tension and in 92.5% of cases of dysmenorrhoea. When the overall effectiveness of the compound in both conditions is considered, we find it to be 93.75%. A general discussion of the findings is presented in relation to age, civil status, time of appearance of dysmenorrhoea, nature of pain, accompanying symptoms, previous treatment, other non-drug therapies, results obtained, time within which symptoms were alleviated, total dose of the drug and side-effects. It is concluded that the orally-administered therapeutic combination is effective in both dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1981

Persistence of symptoms of premenstrual tension in hysterectomized women.

Daily symptom ratings were recorded in seven women with premenstrual tension syndrome for one month before and for up to two months after hysterectomy. Ovarian activity was monitored after operation by twice weekly measurements of total oestrogen and pregnanediol in 12-hour urine samples. Cyclical changes in mood persisted following hysterectomy with the greatest mental and physical symptoms occurring during the late luteal phase of the cycle. In contrast there was a marked decrease in activity and vigour ratings during the late luteal phase of the cycle and during menstruation. There was a small but significant improvement in symptoms in most women following hysterectomy. These results demonstrate that neither the presence of the uterus nor the occurrence of menstruation are necessary for the manifestation of the premenstrual tension syndrome and support the view that it has a hormonal basis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Relationship between premenstrual tension syndrome and anxiety in Chinese adolescents.

This study examined the relationship between anxiety and premenstrual tension syndrome. One hundred and fifty-three schoolgirls completed Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory and Abraham's Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire. The high level of trait anxiety found in this sample was related to an increase in premenstrual tension symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Premenstrual tension: a placebo-controlled efficacy study with spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Forty-three healthy women with a characteristic history of premenstrual tension participated in a placebo controlled, crossover study. The effects of spironolactone (Aldactone) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Gestapuran) on ten symptoms of premenstrual tension were evaluated. Placebo tablets as well as spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate significantly improved a mood index score (which is a generally accepted method to measure premenstrual symptoms). Spironolactone and medroxyprogesterone acetate were however both significantly (P less than 0.05) better than placebo in relieving the symptoms.

Adult↗