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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of positive impression management on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory.

The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. O. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996) is a self-report test that has shown considerable promise as a screening measure for psychopathy. A current limitation of the PPI is that no data exist regarding the impact of response sets such as positive impression management. Although the PPI contains a validity scale (Unlikely Virtues) designed to identify response biases such as "faking good," its utility has not yet been assessed. In this study a repeated measures analogue design was employed in which 186 respondents completed the PPI both under standard conditions and with specific instructions to create a favorable impression of themselves. In the "fake good" condition, participants were able to appear significantly less psychopathic, with those who obtained higher scores in the standard instruction condition showing the largest decreases in their PPI scores. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses indicated that, although the Unlikely Virtues scale significantly differentiated between "fake good" and honest protocols (area under the curve = .73), a considerable number of misclassifications occurred. The clinical and forensic implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Further validation of the psychopathic personality inventory among offenders: personality and behavioral correlates.

The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) is a relatively new self-report measure that has shown considerable promise as an index of psychopathic traits in both nonoffender and offender samples. The present study examined the construct validity and predictive utility of the PPI by examining its association with theoretically relevant scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) among 60 male prison inmates, and its ability to predict institutional misbehavior in an expanded sample (n = 89). As expected, correlations with the PAI scales were highest for the Antisocial Features (ANT) and Aggression (AGG) scales (rs = .68 and .57, respectively). The PPI also predicted various forms of nonviolent and physically aggressive disciplinary infractions significantly better than chance (point biserial correlations ranging from .26 to .37).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Psychopathic personality: a conceptual problem.

The concept of psychopathic personality is currently being called into question. Grendon prison has been established for the treatment of psychopaths. A recent study of Grendon prisoners enabled an examination of some characteristics commonly attributed to psychopaths to be carried out. It proved difficult to obtain good agreement in rating such phenomena as "conscientiousness", "sexual deviation", "impulsiveness". Of ten reliable variables including "personal relationships", "lying", "alcohol problem", only five bore a significant relationship one to another. It was concluded that whilst the term "psychopathic disorder" may be appropriate for a small handful of individuals the term is probably now used too widely and too loosely.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

[Behavioral tactics of schizophrenic patients and psychopathic personalities in a probabilistic setting].

In experiments on structural disturbances of prognostication in psychopathic personalities and schizophrenic patients with psychopathlike disorders on the model of "probable prognosis" the study of 2 situations was attempted: the prognosis made by the examinee of changes in the environment and the prognosis in conditions of interaction with the "opponent". The studies demonstrated the influence of different tasks on the activity and varying degree of motivation on the tactics of behaviour in probable situations. The data obtained permit to evaluate in a new light the hypotheses of disturbed probable structures of the past experience. It is concluded that at least 3 determinants should be analyzed: tasks of activity, motivation and probable characteristics of events. New facts have been obtained, concerning the disturbed prognostication in psychopathic personalities under conditions of increased significance of signals.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1991

[Relation between cognitive activity of excitable psychopathic personalities and the pattern of reinforcement].

Excitable psychopathic personalities manifest qualitative and quantitative disorders of cognitive activity directly unrelated to emotional reactions. If the result of the activity is estimated by some other person with the aid of positive and negative reinforcement stimuli, deficit of the training is marked to a much greater degree than in cases where the excitable personality itself draws, on the basis of information available in the feedback stimulus, the conclusion whether its decision was right or erroneous.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Features of the dynamics of evoked cerebral electrical activity in psychopathic personalities when the meaning of a stimulus is changed].

A correlation of parameteres of evoked activity in psychopathic personalities of an explosive type and in control groups, detected certain differences in the dynamics of separate parameters of evoked potentials in a changed informativeness of the stimula. The physiological interpretation of these data indicates that in psychopathic personalities on the background of increased orientating reactions with prevalence of a general alert condition there is a decreased evaluations of the signal according to its significance. An evaluation of their actions and consideration of the past experience in such patients is also decreased. These disorders are more distinctly expressed in a complicated situation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

An investigation of the relationship between psychopathic traits and malingering on the psychopathic personality inventory.

This study employed a repeated-measures simulation design to examine (a) the specific effects of malingering on a recently developed measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), and (b) the broader association between psychopathic traits and dissimulation. One hundred and forty-three participants completed the PPI twice (both under standard instructions and with instructions to feign psychosis), and also completed post-test questionnaires assessing their attitudes toward engaging in malingering across several hypothetical settings. When attempting to feign psychosis, participants produced elevated scores on a validity scale designed to identify deviant responding, and use of a cross-validated cutoff score with this scale produced high sensitivity and specificity rates across the honest and malingering conditions. Furthermore, PPI scores (in the honest condition) were significantly correlated with a willingness to engage in dissimulation across various hypothetical forensic/correctional scenarios. Results are discussed in terms of the "fakability" of the PPI, as well as the relationship between psychopathic personality features and malingering more generally.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The relationship between psychopathic personality features and malingering symptoms of major mental illness.

This study examined the relationship between psychopathy and malingering in a subsample of male prison inmates (n = 55) participating in a larger study of the clinical utility of various assessment measures in correctional settings. Participants' capacity to feign major mental illness successfully was evaluated using standard cutoff scores for the detection of malingering on a variety of instruments, including the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS; G. P Smith & G. O. Burger, 1997), the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS; R. Rogers, R. M. Bagby, & S. E. Dickens, 1992), and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991). Psychopathic traits were assessed via the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S.O. Lilienfeld & B. P Andrews, 1996). Correlations between the malingering indices and the PPI were low (-.14 to .14) and not statistically significant. These findings fail to support the clinical intuition that individuals with higher levels of psychopathy are likely to be more adept at malingering.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Construct validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory in a correctional sample.

The relations between the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) and 4 theoretically related constructs (empathy, aggression, work ethic, and borderline personality disorder) were examined. Additionally, the relation between the PPI and heroism was explored. One hundred male inmates were administered the PPI, the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), the Protestant Ethic Scale (Mirels & Garrett, 1971), the Self-Report for Borderline Personality Scale (Oldham et al., 1985), and the Activity Frequency Inventory (Lilienfeld, 1998). As predicted, the PPI was significantly negatively correlated with empathy and significantly positively related to aggression and borderline personality. Contrary to prediction, the correlation between the PPI and work ethic was not significant. Eight of 11 hypotheses regarding the relations of the PPI subscales to these 4 constructs were corroborated. Results support the construct validity of the PPI in a correctional sample. The exploratory analysis of the relation between the PPI and heroism revealed no significant relations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Am empirical classification of psychopathic personality.

Personality profiles of 79 non-psychotic male offenders admitted to a security hospital were subjected to a cluster analysis. Four profile types were generated, classifying four-fifths of the sample, and differences were found between the types in previous antisocial behaviour. Two of the types were identifiable as primary and secondary psychopaths, while the remaining two showed little resemblance to the concept of the psychopathic personality. The primary psychopaths were extraverted but not neurotic, while the secondary psychopaths were neurotic, but not extraverted. Both were highly impulsive but distinguished by a dimension of sociability-withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Reactive states among psychopathic personalities of different clinical groups].

On the basis of a clinical follow-up of 71 psychopaths with manifestations of reactive psychosis, the authors established the clinico-typological characteristics of both groups of pathology and the system of correlations between them. They also described the structure of the psychopathic and psychogenic syndromes, the type of psychopathic personality reaction and the form of psychogenic responses and proved statistically their close interrelationship. Data were obtained on some general regularities of interrelations of reactive psychoses with a psychopathic background which are important for the prognosis, prophylaxis and therapy of reactive states.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed2004

Adult psychopathic personality with childhood-onset hyperactivity and conduct disorder: a central problem constellation in forensic psychiatry.

To describe lifetime mental disorders among perpetrators of severe inter-personal crimes and to identify the problem domains most closely associated with aggression and a history of repeated violent criminality, we used structured interviews, clinical assessments, analyses of intellectual functioning, medical and social files, and collateral interviews in 100 consecutive subjects of pretrial forensic psychiatric investigations. Childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), learning disability, tics and autism spectrum disorders] affected 55% of the subjects and formed complex comorbidity patterns with adult personality disorders [including psychopathic traits according to the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R)], mood disorders and substance abuse. The closest psychiatric covariates to high Lifetime History of Aggression (LHA) scores and violent recidivism were the PCL-R scores and childhood conduct disorder (CD). Behavioral and affective PCL-R factors were closely associated with childhood AD/HD, CD, and autistic traits. The results support the notion that childhood-onset social and behavioral problems form the most relevant psychiatric symptom cluster in relation to pervasive adult violent behavior, while late-onset mental disorders are more often associated with single acts of violent or sexual aggression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Psychometric analysis of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) with female inmates.

This study evaluated the reliability, internal structure, and validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) among female inmates (n = 153) housed at a multilevel prison facility. Findings from this research suggested both strengths and weaknesses associated with PPI psychopathy assessment. Reliability of the PPI was supported by internal consistency analyses of scale and subscale item sets, and test-retest reliability was supported by findings obtained with a subsample (n = 36) retested an average of 49 days after initial test administration. Validity of the PPI total score was also supported by moderate to very high correlations with other self-report measures of psychopathy. Relative weaknesses of the PPI were evident by the low or negative associations among many of the PPI subscales, moderate associations that PPI total scores demonstrated with response set indexes, and the similarity of PPI total scores among female inmates and undergraduates. Findings from this research are considered in relation to possible sex differences in the expression of psychopathy and challenges associated with the assessment of the psychopathy construct with self-report methods.

Adult↗