Translation of PVX RNA in vitro by wheat germ. I. Characterization of the reaction and product size.
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Antiphytoviral activity of 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine.
Three treatments with 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine (DHT) significantly reduced the concentration of potato virus X (PVX) in systemically infected tobacco plants. In hypersensitive plants DHT caused a reduction in the number of local lesions produced by PVX. In systemic and hypersensitive hosts, treatment with DHT resulted in a more or less marked reduction in the concentration of, and in the number of local lesions caused by, potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus A (PVA), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Three days after treatment with DHT the incorporation of 32P into TMV RNA was significantly reduced, while that into host RNA was less affected.
Antiviral Agents↗
Multivalent Display of Antimicrobial Peptides on Plant Virus Scaffolds Enhances Killing of Drug-Resistant Bacteria.
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant challenge to global health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising candidates against MDR bacteria due to their rapid and broad-spectrum activity; however, their clinical translation is hindered by compromised activity, toxicity, and poor stability under in vivo conditions. Here, we report the development of RPG (rod-based peptide grids), a plant virus-based antimicrobial platform that harnesses the structural scaffold of high-aspect-ratio Potato virus X (PVX) for the multivalent and modular display of AMPs. Our data show that RPG enhances the efficacy of AMPs by more than 9700-fold, maintaining activity under in vivo salt conditions. RPG eradicates MDR pathogens within 10-30 min, surpassing the efficacy of last-resort antibiotics (vancomycin, tigecycline, and cefiderocol), while exhibiting low measurable cytotoxicity to mammalian cells at high therapeutic doses. Due to structural complexity, RPG demonstrates stability in serum and resistance to proteases. Multivalent display of peptide variants enabled enhanced broad-spectrum killing at low doses. This work establishes plant virus-AMP conjugates as a safe, potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform, offering a versatile strategy for addressing antibiotic resistance.
Antimicrobial Peptides↗
Analysis of terminal structures of RNA from potato virus X.
The 5'-end structure of potato virus X RNA was determined following enzymatic methylation in vitro. A single 3H-methyl group was introduced into the 2'-position of the 5'-penultimate residue and the end structure was determined as m7GpppG(m)pAp(Xp)3G. This part of the RNA apparently is involved in binding to ribosomes since it can be partially protected against RNase digestion by wheat germ 40S ribosomes. PVX RNA was not retained by poly(U)-sepharose, indicating that it does not contain a 3'-terminal poly(A) tract.
Base Sequence↗
[On the effect of some morpholinium compounds on the multiplication of RNA viruses (author's transl)].
In the present paper the authors report about the effect of N,N-dimethylmorpholinium chloride (DMMC), N,N-dimethyl-2-oxomorpholinium chloride (DMOMC), and N,N-diethyl-2-oxomorpholinium chloride (DEOMC) on the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus X (PVX), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) as well as the plaque formation by the RNA phages M 12, f 2, and Qbeta. The used morpholinium compounds do not influence strikingly the multiplication of phytoviruses. The results found by serological procedure and by bio-assay are indicated concordantly by the two methods. The plaque formation by bacteriophages is not influenced by DMMC, but enhanced significantly by DMOMC and DEOMC. These effects might be caused by the different hydrolytical behaviour of the morpholinium compounds tested.
Bacteriophages↗
[Structurally dependent effects of substituted thioureas on the concentration of potato virus X in Nicotiana tabacum L. "Samsun" (author's transl)].
A study has been made to investigate the effects of N-alkyl- and aryl-substituted thioureas as well as N,N'-alkyl-alkyl-, alkyl-aryl-, and aryl-aryl-substituted thioureas on the multiplication of PVX in Nicotiana tabacum L. "Samsun". The virus concentrations of the treated plants were serologically determined and compared with these of untreated controls. The weak antiphytoviral effect of nonsubstituted thiourea remained virtually unchanged in N,N'-dimethyl thiourea, and in N,N,N'-trimethyl thiourea. A stronger antiphytoviral effect was observed for N-phenyl, N',N'-pentamethylene thiourea, as well as N-methyl thiourea. All other substitutions, especially those by longer-chain substituents or by a larger number of substituents, were not found to have an influence on viral multiplication.
Chemical Phenomena↗