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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

The ultrastructure of the sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the knee joint of the domestic cat (Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles).

Two types of mechanoreceptor have been found in the articular capsule of the knee joint of the domestic cat--Ruffini corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. Ruffini corpuscles are situated in the stratum fibrosum and consist of 2 to 6 cylinders. Each cylinder is made up of an afferent axon (diameter 3-4 micrometer), its swellings and terminal processes, Schwann cells enveloping the nerve swellings and terminal processes, endoneural connective tissue and a perineural capsule. The perineural capsule is incomplete in Ruffini corpuscles. The Pacinian corpuscles are 20 to 40 micrometer wide and 150-250 micrometer long. They are situated in groups of up to five at the boundary between the stratum synoviale and the stratum fibrosum. The afferent axon is myelinated (diameter 3-5 micrometer). Its terminal portion is inside the inner bulb which is formed of modified Schwann cells. Each corpuscle is enveloped by a perineural capsule (4-8 layers). The ultrastructure of the Pacinian corpuscles is compared with the ultrastructure of the skin receptors in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Oscillation of impulse discharges of Pacinian corpuscles of cat mesentery to external stimulation].

A sensory unit with one or two Pacinian corpuscles was isolated from cat mesentery and square wave mechanical stimulation (duration 5-10 sec), sinusoidal frequency stimulation (duration 4-130 sec, frequency 0.06-300 Hz) and ramp mechanical stimulation (duration 5-10 sec) were applied to the Pacinian corpuscles. When the temperature exceeded 27 degrees C, the sensory unit caused a sustained discharge after on-response to the square wave stimulation. The sustained discharge lasted until the off-response. The sustained discharge was considered to be generated by an oscillation of the receptor potential in the Pacinian corpuscles. The results were as follows: 1. Sensory units with two Pacini corpuscles of cats from young (20 days after birth) to adult were found to respond with both fast-adapting and apparent slow-adapting responses at room temperature (27 degrees C). 2. The two Pacini corpuscles showed the characteristics of fast-adapting mechanoreceptor and vibrator. It was confirmed that the apparent slow-adapting responses from the sensory units were not artifacts induced by vibration from the stimulating bar or experimental table or experimental room, but were originated by an unknown mechanism in the corpuscles. 3. Some sensory units with two Pacinian corpuscles also responded with both fast-adapting and apparent slow-adapting responses in the range of 27-29 degrees C. The apparent slow-adapting responses were caused by pressure and vibratory stimulations above a strength level, but not by dumping of the stimulating bar. 4. The sensory unit evoked only the fast-adapting discharges near the threshold level of stimulus strength at less than 27 degrees C. In the temperature range of 27-40 degrees C, the sensory unit showed an increase in frequency of the apparent slow-adapting discharge by increased displacement and velocity of the stimulus. 5. The sensory unit responded with repeated firing to low-frequency stimulation (0.1-0.06 Hz) at the temperature range and the impulse number was increased by increased strength of the low-frequency stimulation. 6. At the 27-40 degrees C, the sensory units with Pacinian corpuscles evoked after discharge and spontaneous discharges and the impulse number was increased by increased displacement, velocity and frequency of the mechanical stimulus. Thus it is difficult to call the response of Pacinian corpuscles observed at more than 27 degrees C a slow-adapting one, judging from the duration of the receptor potential. We considered that these discharge responses resulted from an electrical oscillation of the receptor potential in the corpuscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of cholinergic substances on individual mechanoreceptors--Pacinian corpuscles].

Acetylcholine and nicotine application to the intact pacinian corpuscle failed to stimulate the spike activity, but changed the sensitivity to the mechanical stimulation: low concentration (1.10(-6) g/ml) increased the sensitivity and high concentration (1.10(-4) g/ml) decreased it. This influence can be attributed to the action of these substances on the structures which generate the action potentials. Acetylcholine application to decapsulated pacinian corpuscles stimulated the appearance of the spike activity. This reaction was possibly connected with the acetylcholine influence on the mechanoreceptive zones proper. Tubocurarine or hexonium application of decapsulated pacinian corpuscles led to depression of the sensitivity of the receptor to the mechanical stimulation that can also be explained by the participation of acetylcholine in the process of adequate receptor stimulation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia in the hand.

Proliferation of pacinian corpuscles adjacent to the digital nerves in the hand is very rare. Patients are usually seen initially with a history of previous trauma and severe localized pain. The symptoms, signs, and surgical treatment of previously reported cases are reviewed and histological criteria from this case are proposed to define this condition. In addition to a neuroma or glomus tumor, pacinian corpuscle hyperplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of digital or palmar pain.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

Pacinian corpuscle neuroma of digital nerves.

Symptoms and incapacitation due to abnormal aggregations of pacinian corpuscles are uncommon. Indeed, only three reports have been found in the scientific literature. A case is presented in which the patient's chief complaint was pain and localized tenderness in the hand which interfered with normal activity. Surgical exploration of the palm showed abnormalities of pacinian corpuscles attached to the median digital nerve in the form of a grape-like cluster and a single enlarged corpuscle beneath the epineurium; the abnormality attached to the ulnar digital nerve appeared as an offshoot of hyperplastic corpuscles lying in tandem. The abnormal corpuscles were excised. The symptoms have not recurred to date. These abnormalities in size, position, and number of pacinian corpuscles are compared to the findings of the few other reports in the literature. The neuroma formation found attached to this ulnar nerve has not been cited previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reinnervation of transplanted pacinian corpuscles by ventral root axons: ultrastructure of the regenerated nerve terminals.

This study addresses two questions. Can mature, denervated and transplanted Pacinian corpuscles accept innervation from motor axons? If so, does the alien target influence the structural characteristics of the regenerated motor axon terminals? Pacinian corpuscles from the hind leg of young rats, together with a segment of the nerve branch through which they receive their sensory innervation, were autotransplanted to the surface of the spinal cord and the nerve stump anastomosed to the central stump of a transected lumbar ventral root. Between 4 and 5 months later the grafts were studied by electron microscopy. Ventral root axons regenerated through the endoneurial tubes of the grafted nerve to reach the corpuscles, most of which became reinnervated by one to three myelinated fibres. The fibres lost their myelin sheaths before entering the inner core, branched, and gave rise to multiple terminals in the inner core. The regenerated terminals were packed with spherical synaptic vesicles and closely resembled normal motor nerve terminals. Thus motor axons are able to reinnervate Pacinian corpuscles but the structural characteristics of the terminals are apparently not modified by the alien target tissue. This finding contrasts with previous studies, in which it was found that terminals of the central axons of large dorsal root ganglion cells, induced to reinnervate Pacinian corpuscles, displayed the structural characteristics of peripheral sensory endings rather than those of dorsal root terminals in the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

K and Na ion content in the Pacinian corpuscle fluid and its role in the activity of receptors.

1. Potassium and sodium concentrations within the Pacinian corpuscle fluid have been investigated in adult cats. The sodium and potassium contents of samples were estimated by means of integrative ultramicroflame photometry. 2. The analytical results showed the values of the potassium concentration in the Pacinian corpuscle fluid and in the blood plasma to be 6.19 +/- 0.72 and 2.78 +/- 0.38 mequiv/1, respectively. 3. The increasing excitability of the Pacinian corpuscle in potassium-rich solution was shown by electrophysiologic methods. In potassium-free solution two phases of changing receptor excitability were observed. 4. Removal of sodium from external solution reduced the receptor potential to 10% of its original value. 5. Some mechanisms of the increase in excitability of primary tissue mechanoreceptors and secondary mechanoreceptors of the sense organs are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Changes in primate Pacinian corpuscles following volar pad excision and skin grafting. A preliminary report.

Human fingertip avulsion injuries were simulated by excising volar digital pads in stump-tailed monkeys. Half the defects were covered with split-skin grafts from the forearm, and half with full-thickness grafts of fingertip skin. Innervated pacinian corpuscles were found in the center of these grafts 3 months after the operation. The site of origin of these corpuscles is undefined. Denervation and devascularization of pacinian corpuscles resulted in alterations of their gross architecture, size, and innervation. The possibility exists that these alterations result from a dynamic adaptation of pacinian corpuscles to environmental stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of magnesium and calcium ions on the electrical activity of Pacinian corpuscles].

The effect of magnesium and calcium ions of the electrical activity of Pacinian corpuscles was studied in isolated decapsulated preparations. The sensitivity of the corpuscles and the amplitude of receptor potential increased in magnesium-rich solution (5-15 mM). The amplitude of receptor potential increased over the first 60 min and then decreased in calcium-free EDTA solution. Magnesium ions slow down or prevent the depressant effects of the lack of calcium on the receptor potential. Divalent cations are supposed to take no part in mechano-electrical transduction conduction in Pacinian corpuscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical localization of the neural cell adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM, and J1 in Pacinian corpuscles of the mouse during development, in the adult and during regeneration.

The immunocytochemical localization of the neural cell adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM and J1/tenascin was investigated by light and electron microscopical techniques in murine Pacinian corpuscles during development, in the adult and in the regenerating state. In adult corpuscles, L1 was present only at contact sites between the sensory axon and inner core lamellae. From birth, the earliest stage tested, until day 7, L1 was additionally expressed on lamellar processes of the inner core cells. N-CAM was expressed in developing and adult corpuscles on lamellae and somata of the inner and outer core cells at their contact sites but was hardly detectable at contact sites between axolemma and inner core lamellae. J1/tenascin was found only in association with the extracellular material of the inner core, especially with the two radial clefts and the boundary space between inner and outer core. In developing corpuscles, J1/tenascin became detectable on extracellular material with the onset of inner core differentiation at approximately day 2. After transection or crush of the sciatic nerve, L1 disappeared from the corpuscles but reappeared with regrowing axons at contact sites between axonal membranes and inner core cells. At any regenerative stage inner core cells remained L1-negative. In denervated and reinnervated corpuscles the expression pattern of N-CAM and J1/tenascin did not differ from the normal adult. These observations suggest that a sensory organ, the Pacinian corpuscle, differs from the sciatic nerve and the neuromuscular junction in that its expression of adhesion molecules remains the same in the denervated state as in the innervated adult. Furthermore, in the denervated Pacinian corpuscle, adhesion molecule expression does not resemble that of any developmental stage tested. Thus, other cures than regulation of adhesion molecule expression patterns might be involved in the successful reinnervation of sensory corpuscles.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Pacinian corpuscles in rats with carbon disulphide neuropathy.

Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide vapours at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6 h a day), and the ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles and their nerve supply was investigated after 6 months of exposure. Both degenerative and regenerative changes were observed in sensory axons and the corpuscles. In a sample of corpuscles examined, 30% were denervated and about 60% showed clear signs of reinnervation. Some of the reinnervated corpuscles were supplied by unmyelinated axons. In others, one to three myelinated axons were already found at the nerve entry. The axons branched and formed three to eight terminals in the inner core. Due to continuous intoxication, most regenerated terminals were again undergoing degeneration. In peripheral nerves, the evidence of axonal regeneration has been reported in various toxic distal axonopathies. However, the reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles has not been described before. It can be expected that reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles and other end-organs also occurs in other axonopathies, if not during continuous poisoning, then at least after its cessation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Degeneration and regeneration of some mechanoreceptors. An ultrastructural study. IV. Ultrastructure of reinnervated Pacinian corpuscles.

The first signs of reinnervation of the Pacinian corpuscles have been established at the middle of the second month after nerve crush. The regenerative process pass through two periods. During the first period the progressive increase of the Schwann receptor cells has been observed parallel to the reduction of the regenerating nerve branches. During the second period the reorganization and renewal of the regenerated organelles takes place. Some organelles as dense core vesicles, coated vesicles and microtubules of the receptor nerve fibre show noticeable dynamics. The regeneration has been established only in the preexisting after denervation capsulated remnants of the receptors. After nerve transection the regeneration is prolonged one month later and the less of quantity reinnervated receptors have been observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The capsule structure of Pacinian corpuscles from the cat mesentery.

Using the electronograms of Pacinian corpuscle capsule of the cat mesentery the authors have studied in details the structure of its layers and lamellae. The thickness of the capsule lamellae ranged between 30 nm-320 nm, the mean width being 150 nm. On the surface they are overlaid by means of lamina basalis. The capsule is formed by circular layers composed, most often, by 1-2 lamellae, less frequently, by larger number of lamellae. The width of the space between the layers of lamellae is 150-820 nm. A number of lamellae is provided with longer or shorter processes. They are directed more often to the adjacent lamella with which they can be also connected by means of membrane specialization. However, they are also directed into the space between individual layers of the capsule. The importance of these processes has not been known. Furthermore, the authors have studied the reciprocal link-up of the lamellae within one layer. The lamellae are connected either side-to-side, by inserting the end of one lamella into the infolding of the other, end-to-side or end-to-end. Rich pinocytotic activity (rich occurrence of caveolae) was observed in the lamellae of the capsule. Therefore the authors are of the opinion that the capsule and its lamellae have not only mechanical significance or the function of the transfer system and filter, but they form an important component (subsystem) of the whole metabolic system in the sensory corpuscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Study of individual Pacinian corpuscle mechanoreceptors following application of colchicine to a nerve].

Colchicine application to the cat caudal mesenteric nerve containing sensory fibers for single mechanoreceptors (Pacinian corpuscles) causes degeneration of the axis cast of the nerve endings. Ultrastructural changes in the receptors showed no difference from the axonal degeneration after the nerve section but the rate of degeneration was considerably slower. Ultrastructural, electrophysiological, and biochemical changes occurring in the Pacinian corpuscles were not the result of direct action of colchicine, but appeared to be realized through the nerve by the axoplasmic transport block. It is suggested that the receptor's structure is under the sensory neuron neurotrophic control.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Analysis of the mechanism of amplitude change in Pacinian corpuscle receptor potential in a solution with a decreased calcium ion concentration].

The effect of Ca2+-free solution on the amplitude increase in the receptor potential (RP) of Pacinian corpuscles was studied using external perfusion technique. The RP amplitude increased in Ca2+-free solution. It was blocked after addition of 10-20 mM of tetraethylamonium. A temporary increase in the RP amplitude is seen in the solution with 0.2 mM of 2.4-dinitrophenol. Sensitivity of the receptor membrane to mechanical stimuli does not change in Ca2+-free solution. It is suggested that near the mechanosensitive ionic canal of Pacinian corpuscle receptor membrane the fixed negative charges which could influence the "gate" system state of the mechanosensitive canal are absent.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Protein kinase C (alpha, beta, gamma) in Pacinian corpuscle.

Immunocytochemical demonstration of protein kinase C (PKC) subspecies (alpha, beta, gamma) was carried out in Pacinian corpuscles of rat hind feet using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against each of these subspecies. The inner core cells and lamellae and the Schwann cell cytoplasm of the nerve fiber innervating the corpuscle were strongly positive for PKC alpha-immunoreactivity (IR). In contrast, the axon terminal and the outer core did not display any positive alpha-IR. Very weak PKC beta-IR was detected in the ultraterminal region of the axon terminal, while the trunk region showed no immunoreactivity. Very faint PKC beta-IR was found also in the lamellar cells located at the periphery of the inner core and the endoneurial fibroblasts in the intermediate layer. PKC gamma-IR was not detected in any part of the corpuscle. The strong PKC alpha-IR in the inner core and the presence or absence of PKC alpha-, beta-, and gamma-IR in the axon terminal are discussed from the point of view of the functional aspects of each part.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Electron microscopic observations of degeneration of human Pacinian corpuscles in amputated fingers.

Amputated human fingers were used to observe the morphologic changes in degeneration of Pacinian corpuscles, and postoperative moving two-point discrimination of the replanted fingers was examined to analyze sensory recovery after replantation. Normal corpuscles are composed of an axon terminal and inner and outer cores, resembling a sliced onion. The inner core is composed of thin, multilayered lamellar cells, and the outer core consists of multiple layers of thin perineurial cells. Based on our morphologic findings, following mitochondrial degeneration in the axon terminal, the terminal and inner core cells disappeared within 9 to 16 hours, but the outer core did not lose its structure until more than 24 hours after amputation. Collagen fibrils in the corpuscles appeared from 5 hours after amputation and periodically increased their amount up to 27 hours after amputation. Postoperative sensory recovery of the replanted fingers was significantly poorer with 9 hours or more of cold ischemia. These findings suggest that the inner core cells originating from Schwann cells degenerate at over 9 hours after amputation, and this may be related to the poor sensory recovery of replanted fingers. It also appears that the outer core cells originating from the perineurial cells in the amputated fingers survive even up to 27 hours after amputation and produce collagen fibrils in the extramatrix spaces of the outer core cells.

Adult↗