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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hyalohyphomycosis by Paecilomyces lilacinus in a renal transplant patient and a review of human Paecilomyces species infections.

A case of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus is described in a renal transplant patient. Infection was localized on the left forearm. Two separate cultures of the lesions yielded the same organism. Histological sections disclosed hyaline elements in the tissue. The infection responded well to therapy with oral griseofulvin (500 mg daily) and the patient was cured within 45 days. Forty-six cases of human infection due to Paecilomyces species have been reported previously in the literature, most of them occurring in conjunction with prosthesis implants or immunosuppression. The antifungal sensitivity of Paecilomyces varies widely among the species but the general trend is for Paecilomyces variotii isolates to be almost universally sensitive to amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, while P. lilacinus and Paecilomyces marquandii isolates are resistant to these antifungals but sensitive to the imidazoles.

Dermatomycoses↗
PubMed2005

Pulmonary mycetoma caused by an atypical isolate of Paecilomyces species in an immunocompetent individual: case report and literature review of Paecilomyces lung infections.

The first case of pulmonary fungus ball caused by Paecilomyces species is reported. The diagnosis was established by isolation of the fungus in culture from specimens obtained by percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration in an immunocompetent individual. The isolate was atypical, as it failed to produce fruiting structures on routine mycological media. Identification was achieved by sequencing polymorphisms of the internal transcriber spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA. The antifungal susceptibility profile was also determined. This report underscores the increasing importance of Paecilomyces species in human infections. Paecilomyces should be included among the etiological agents of pulmonary mycetoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The liquid culture filtrates of Paecilomyces tenuipes (Peck) Samson (=Isaria japonica Yasuda) and Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson (=Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Llond) regulate Th1 and Th2 cytokine response in murine Peyer's patch cells in vitro and ex vivo.

The effects of liquid culture filtrates of medicinal entomogenous fungi, Paecilomyces tenuipes (Peck) Samson (=Isaria japonica Yasuda or Isaria tenuipes) (PTCF) and Paecilomyces cicadae (Miquel) Samson (=Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Llond) (PCCF), on cytokine productions in cultured Peyer's patches (PP) from C57BL/6J mice were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. In an in vitro experiment, PTCF (100 and 10 microg/ml) enhanced the production of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, in cultured PP cells stimulated with 5 microg/ml concanavalin A (Con A) but did not influence on the production of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. PTCF also enhanced the production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-10 in the cultured PP cells. While, PCCF enhanced the production of IFN-gamma but did not alter the level of IL-2 in the PP cells. In an ex vivo experiment using PP cells removed from the mice after oral treatment of PTCF (10 and 100 mg/kg daily for 7 consecutive days), the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma were increased in response to Con A. On the other hand, orally treated PCCF (10 mg/kg/day) suppressed IL-2 production but did not change the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in the isolated PP cells. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that the population of CD3(+) cells in the PP cells slightly but significantly increased after oral administration of PCCF. Orally administered PTCF did not change the population of T (CD3(+)), B (CD19(+)), T cell subset (CD4(+)and CD8(+)) and Th1 (IFN-gamma(+)) and Th2 (IL-4(+)). From PTCF, the fraction rich in proteoglycans was separated as active fraction that stimulates Th1 immune response. These results indicate that the mode of action of PTCF and PCCF on mucosal immune response is different and this is contributed to their metabolites. Taken together, there is a possibility of PTCF and PCCF being therapeutic or preventive agents for immune diseases such as cancer, allergy and parasitic disease through activation of mucosal immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Galactomannans from the cell walls of species of Paecilomyces sect. Paecilomyces and their teleomorphs as immunotaxonomic markers.

An alkali-extractable and water-soluble fraction (F1S) was obtained from cell walls of Paecilomyces variotii and species of the related genera Talaromyces, Byssochlamys and Thermoascus. The structure of the main polysaccharide of these fractions was studied and found to consist of a core of (1 --> 6)-alpha-mannopyranose partially substituted at 0.2 by chains of galactofuranose and shorter chains of mannopyranose. The differences in the regularity of the branching points and the length of the galactofuranose side chains are useful to distinguish between species. These differences were detected by immunological methods, since highly specific polyclonal antibodies were raised against these polysaccharides. Mycelium of P. variotii CBS 990.73A was stained by indirect immunofluorescence. The polysaccharides studied in this work differ from the one described for species from section Isarioidea, and this is another indication of the heterogeneity of the genus Paecilomyces.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An antigenic water-soluble glucogalactomannan extracted from cell walls of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces farinosus.

The water-soluble fraction (F1S) obtained after solubilizing in alkali the cell walls of four strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and two of Paecilomyces farinosus amounted to 8.3-14.5% of the dry cell wall material. Two polysaccharides, F1S-A (13-20%) and F1S-B (57-68%) were separated from F1S by gel permeation through Sepharose CL-6B. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of F1S-B were recorded and showed analogous structural features in the six isolates of the two species. The fractions isolated from P. fumosoroseus strain CBS 375.70 were subjected to structural analysis and shown to be a (1-->4)-alpha-glucan (F1S-A) and a branched (1-->6)-mannan with terminal residues of beta-galactopyranose (F1S-B). Polyclonal antibodies against the latter polysaccharide were obtained (titre 1/8000). These antibodies reacted specifically with the F1S-B polysaccharides obtained from the four strains of P. fumosoroseus and the two strains of P. farinosus, but they did not react with similar fractions from other species of the same or related genera. The antibodies specifically stained P. fumosoroseus hyphae in indirect immunofluorescence tests.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed2006

Optimization of physical parameters for exo-biopolymer production in submerged mycelial cultures of two entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces japonica and Paecilomyces tenuipes.

AIMS: In the present study, two different optimization techniques were used to determine the suitable operating parameters for exo-biopolymer production in submerged mycelial cultures of two entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces japonica and Paecilomyces tenuipes. METHODS AND RESULTS: First, the rotating simplex method, a nonstatistical optimization technique, was employed to obtain the best combination of physical parameters (viz. pH, agitation intensity, aeration rate) for maximum exo-biopolymer production by P. japonica in a batch bioreactor. The optimal combination was determined to be a pH of 8.06, an aeration of 3 vvm, without any impeller agitation, producing a 17-time increase in exopolymer production (34.5 g l(-1)) when compared with that achieved in unoptimized flask cultures. Second, the uniform design method, a statistical optimization technique, was employed to determine the best operating parameters for submerged culture of P. tenuipes. The optimal combination for mycelial growth was determined to be a pH of 4.88, an aeration of 2 vvm and an agitation of 350 rpm, while a pH of 4, an aeration of 2 vvm and an agitation of 150 rpm was best for exo-biopolymer production. CONCLUSIONS: The exo-biopolymer production in P. japonica optimized by the rotating simplex method was strikingly improved (max. 34.5 g l(-1)), and the exo-biopolymer production in P. tenuipes optimized by the uniform design method was also significantly increased (max. 3.4 g l(-1)). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The successful application of these two different optimization techniques in this study implies that these methods are worthy of applying to other fermentation systems for the production of bioactive mycelial biomass and exo-biopolymers in liquid culture of higher fungi.

Biomass↗
PubMed1983

Paecilomyces pyelonephritis complicating nephrolithiasis and review of Paecilomyces infections.

We report a case of Paecilomyces variotii isolated from the renal pelvis at ureterolithotomy. The patient presented with nephrolithiasis, acute flank pain, fever and pyuria, which resolved postoperatively. Paecilomyces has infected the cornea, prosthetic lens implants, lacrimal sac, maxillary sinuses, prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, skin and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Successful treatment of Paecilomyces varioti infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and a review of Paecilomyces species infections.

An 8-year-old boy who had chronic granulomatous disease developed a soft tissue infection of the right heel after riding on a motor scooter. Infection was insidious, and minor heel pain and fevers occurred only on the day interferon-gamma was injected. Soft tissue biopsy showed hyphal elements, and Paecilomyces varioti grew in culture. The infection was treated with amphotericin B for 7 weeks (total dose, 40 mg/kg) followed by 1 year of therapy with itraconazole (100 mg twice daily). Complete cure was achieved during the follow-up period of 10 months.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2001

Phylogeny of mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi: is the genus Paecilomyces polyphyletic?

We analyzed sequences of the divergent domain at the 5' end of the large subunit rRNA gene from the mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces sp., Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces farinosus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Verticillium lecanii, Verticillium psalliotae, Beauveria bassiana, Aschersonia sp., Aschersonia placenta, ascomycetous Cordyceps sp., and Cordyceps militaris. Phylogenetic analysis showed P. fumosorseus as the best characterized out of the analyzed species with the B. bassiana clade as its sister group. Two of the P. farinosus isolates were invariably placed within the Verticillium cluster, which also contained C. militaris. The only analyzed P. lilacinus isolate appeared on the root of the hyphomycetous fungi and was characterized as the most distinct from all the hyphomycetous fungi tested. Polyphyly of the genus Paecilomyces was well supported by the Kishino-Hasegawa test. In all trees based on the small subunit rRNA gene sequences obtained from the GenBank, V. lecanii, V. psalliotae, P. fumosoroseus, P. tenuipes and B. bassiana form, together with that of C. militaris, the best supported cluster in the tree. The rest of Cordyceps spp. constitute a distinct clade. Phylogenetic relationships derived from both tested DNA regions show polyphyly of the genus Paecilomyces and close relationships among entomopathogenic species of the genera Verticillium, Paecilomyces, and Beauveria.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1986

Cerebral Paecilomyces javanicus infection. An ultrastructural study.

A 41-year-old diabetic woman developed Paecilomyces javanicus endocarditis and subsequent cerebral fungal embolism and vasculitis with massive infarction and hemorrhage 6 years after a mitral valve replacement with porcine heterograft. The organism was identified by the culture from the infected brain tissue and aortic valve. Cerebral infection due to fungus Paecilomyces is rare. This report documents the cerebral manifestations of fungus Paecilomyces javanicus and describes for the first time the ultrastructure of such an organism obtained from the infected tissue. Their ultrastructural findings, similar to those described in Paecilomyces farinosus derived from culture, include a double-layered cell wall, a triple unit plasma membrane, abundant cytoplasmic lipid droplets, vacuoles, membranous profiles and septal formation. This report further demonstrates hyphae with packed 50A filaments and granulofibrillary material and features suggestive of intrahyphal hyphae, not previously described in fungus Paecilomyces.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host successfully treated with itraconazole: case report and review.

Paecilomyces lilacinus is an emerging fungal pathogen that is highly resistant to many antifungal drugs. Skin and subcutaneous soft tissue infections caused by this organism are very unusual. Most cases occur in patients with impaired host defenses or following surgical procedures. There has been only one previous report of a histologically confirmed cutaneous infection due to Paecilomyces lilacinus in a patient without predisposing factors. Described here is the second histopathologically proven case of Paecilomyces lilacinus cutaneous infection in a healthy patient without any apparent portal of entry. Prolonged antifungal chemotherapy with itraconazole led to resolution of the skin lesion. This case of sporadic cutaneous infection due to Paecilomyces lilacinus is believed to be the first reported in Europe and the first histopathologically proven case successfully treated with itraconazole.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology.

Nontraditional human pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species, have been increasingly documented as agents of infection in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in normal hosts. Although definitive identification of these fungi requires culture, they often can be identified provisionally in tissue sections by a combination of histologic features, including hyaline septate hyphae and characteristic reproductive structures known as phialides and phialoconidia. These morphologic characteristics, although familiar to mycologists, are easily overlooked by histopathologists; as a result, Fusarium species and Paecilomyces lilacinus are frequently misidentified in tissue sections as Aspergillus or Candida species. We identified 19 culture-proved cases of infection with species of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, or Acremonium; retrospectively reviewed histologic specimens stained by routine hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori methenamine silver, and/or periodic acid-Schiff stains; and delineated morphologic criteria that will help pathologists make a preliminary identification of these fungi by histopathology. Adventitious sporulation was found in 9 of 9 infections caused by Paecilomyces species, 7 of 10 infections caused by Fusarium species, and in the single case of infection caused by Acremonium strictum. Histologic recognition of these morphologies may help clinicians select appropriate initial antifungal treatment and manage the infection.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1995

Genetic variability of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates revealed by molecular markers.

Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina:Hyphomycetes) is a fungus that is potentially useful for the bio-control of economically important agricultural pests, such as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Arbitrarily primed PCR and PCR with tRNA consensus primers were used to analyze genetic variability among 27 P. fumosoroseus isolates, 15 of which came from the same host, B. tabaci, one P. lilacinus isolate, used as an outgroup, 9 previously unidentified Paecilomyces isolates. Fifteen 10-mer oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence revealed 322 scorable binary characters. Principal coordinates and cluster analysis of characters showed that most of the P. fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces sp. isolates were in three phenetic groups with > 65% internal similarity. Two of the three arbitrary phenetic groups were closely related (76% similarity) with the third group quite different (only 14% similarity) from the first two. The phenetic groups did not correlate with geographical origin or host species. Genetic variability of isolates infecting whitefly in Florida was detected. Isolates from B. tabaci were represented in two of the three groups, and different genotypes were identified even when they were isolated from an epizootic population in India and Pakistan. There was no evidence of host-specific selection of genotypes, as has been shown in other entomopathogenic fungi. Three isolates morphologically classified as P. fumosoroseus were clustered in a phenetic group which displayed only 14% similarity to the other isolates of this species. Seven isolated that presented problems for morphological classification were found to be similar or, in three cases, identical to other P. fumosoroseus isolates that dit not present problems for morphological classification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Paecilomyces lilacinus infection in a child with chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder in which neutrophils do not appropriately generate cytotoxic superoxide anion, the respiratory burst, in response to invading bacteria or fungi as a part of normal host defence. We report the case of a child with CGD who had two abdominal wall abscesses caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus, an organism not previously known to cause infections in patients with CGD. The abdominal wall is a location that is rarely associated with Paecilomyces infections. Parenteral amphotericin B eradicated the infection in an immunocompromised child whereas this regimen has heretofore largely been unsuccessful in the treatment of this infection. Paecilomyces species and other fungi from immunocompromised hosts and thought to be laboratory contaminants, need to be carefully investigated for they may become pathogens in this clinical setting.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Peritoneal eosinophilia associated with Paecilomyces variotii infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

A 65-year-old woman maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) presented with a 5-month history of intermittent cloudy bags and sterile peritoneal and peripheral blood eosinophilia, which failed to clear despite conventional antibiotics. Impaired catheter inflow and delayed effluent drainage gradually occurred and intracatheter streptokinase, administered to rectify catheter dysfunction, dislodged a catheter cast composed of fungal hyphae of Paecilomyces variotii. Fungal peritonitis and Paecilomyces fungemia ensued, which were treated with amphotericin B and catheter removal. Peripheral eosinophilia rapidly resolved. Paecilomyces is a saprophytic fungus found in soil and water that is capable of infecting prosthetic devices. Eosinophils may have accumulated in this case in response to particulate fungal cell antigens being washed into the peritoneal cavity during dialysis. Chronic fungal catheter infection should be excluded in cases of late onset, persistant peritoneal eosinophilia on CAPD.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Delayed sternotomy wound infection due to Paecilomyces variotii in a lung transplant recipient.

We report a case of sternotomy wound infection caused by Paecilomyces variotii in a previously bronchiectatic patient, occurring 10 months after bilateral sequential lung transplantation. The use of prophylactic antifungal therapy, the persistent colonization with Paecilomyces, and sternal instability after clamshell incision may have contributed to the development of delayed deep sternal wound infection. Besides antifungal therapy, vigorous surgical debridement is vital for treatment success. With the more liberal use of early post-transplant fungal prophylaxis, potentially drug-resistant fungi, such as the Paecilomyces species, may be emerging as important opportunistic pathogens after lung transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Novel spirocyclic trichothecanes, spirotenuipesine A and B, isolated from entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces tenuipes.

Entomopathogenic fungi forming fruiting bodies have been employed as tonics and antitussives from ancient times. Paecilomyces tenuipes, which is also called Isaria japonica, is a very popular entomopathogenic fungus and is often considered a health food in northeast Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan. We cultivated the fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Among the large-scale cultivations, fruiting body grown in barley grain contained two novel spirocyclic trichothecane derivatives, spirotenuipesine A (1) and B (2), and known trichothecane mycotoxins. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent activity in neurotrophic factor biosynthesis in glial cells. The isolation of these compounds indicated that P. tenuipes is a promising source for producing various biologically active substances including trichothecanes. It is noteworthy that trichothecane mycotoxins are present in Paecilomyces tenuipes, which is typically used in medicinal health food.

Heterocyclic Compounds↗